锂渣、粉煤灰高性能混凝土早期抗裂机理研究

通过对锂渣、粉煤灰高性能混凝土早期抗裂性能进行试验研究,结果表明水胶比对混凝土早期抗裂性能影响较大,粉煤灰的塑化作用以及锂渣水化产物的膨胀性能够补偿高性能混凝土的早期收缩,从而提高高性能混凝土的早期抗裂性能。     

高性能锂渣混凝土的试验研究

通过理论分析和实验,研究了锂渣掺量对混凝土性能的影响。结果表明,锂渣能提高混凝土的强度,运用锂渣等量代替一部分水泥（42．5R普通硅酸盐水泥）配制出28d抗压强度为80MPa以上,90d抗压达100MPa以上的高性能混凝土,抗裂能力明显增强,锂渣单掺配制的混凝土能经受300次冻融循环而不破坏。研究的结论提升了锂渣的价值,为锂渣的应用提供有效途径,有助于制备高性能混凝土。     

高性能锂渣混凝土的抗裂性试验研究

采用平板法和圆环法,研究了锂渣掺量对混凝土开裂性能的影响.结果表明,锂渣能提高混凝土的强度,运用锂渣等量代替一部分水泥(42.5R普通硅酸盐水泥)配制出28 d抗压强度为80 MPa以上的高性能混凝土,抗裂能力明显增强.研究的结论提升了锂渣的价值,为锂渣的应用提供有效途径,有助于制备高性能混凝土.     

锂渣复合粉煤灰高性能混凝土早期抗压强度影响因素的比较分析

运用正交试验设计的方法配制锂渣复合粉煤灰高性能混凝土,运用极差分析和方差分析的方法分析了水胶比、锂渣掺量和粉煤灰掺量对锂渣复合粉煤灰高性能混凝土的早期抗压强度的影响,得出锂渣较粉煤灰对锂渣复合粉煤灰高性能混凝土早期抗压强度影响显著。在进行极差分析时,引入了极差相对差异度这一概念。     

锂渣混凝土抗压与劈拉试验研究

锂渣为矿物掺和料,研究了锂渣高性能混凝土的抗压强度变化与劈裂抗拉强度变化规律及关系,试验结果显示:在不同水胶比情况下,锂渣掺量10%为最优掺量;随着水胶比和锂渣掺量的增加,锂渣高性能混凝土的抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度在逐渐降低;锂渣高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度与抗压强度之间的关系,建议采用公式。     

冻融循环作用下锂渣混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀研究

基于锂渣的微集料效应和活性效应研究了冻融循环作用下锂渣不同掺量对混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,同时利用扫描电镜和压汞法探究分析了冻融循环作用下锂渣混凝土在硫酸盐侵蚀作用下的形貌变化和孔结构变化.结果表明:锂渣能有效增加混凝土在冻融循环作用下的抗硫酸盐侵蚀,且随着锂渣掺量的增加,混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能越优;冻融循环作用下混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中生成的腐蚀产物是钙矾石,;掺加锂渣能有效改善混凝土的孔结构,掺加30％锂渣混凝土在硫酸盐溶液中冻融循环420次之后的孔隙率为17.9％,而不掺加锂渣混凝土的孔隙率为29.1％.     

水胶比、锂渣掺量和细度对混凝土抗压强度的影响研究

为了研究不同影响因素对锂渣混凝土抗压强度的影响,本文以水胶比、锂渣掺量和锂渣细度为考察因素,设计正交试验;通过极差和方差分析法分析各因素对锂渣混凝土抗压强度的影响大小,并进一步分析水胶比和锂渣掺量对锂渣混凝土抗压强度的影响规律.结果表明:水胶比是影响锂渣混凝土抗压强度的主要因素,其次是锂渣掺量,最次是锂渣细度;随着龄期的增长,锂渣掺量的影响逐渐显著,锂渣细度的影响逐渐消失.锂渣混凝土前期的抗压强度低于普通混凝土或与其相当,其28 d和60d抗压强度均大于普通混凝土.锂渣混凝土抗压强度随着锂渣掺量的增加而先增大后减小,锂渣的最佳掺量为20％.当水胶比分别为0.466、0.404(0.466)和0.530时,锂渣掺量为10％、20％和30％的混凝土抗压强度增长率为最大.     

锂渣超高性能混凝土的流动性能、微观和宏观力学性能研究

高性能混凝土(UHPC)是一种创新的水泥基复合材料，在拉伸和压缩载荷下具有高机械性能、极低的渗透性和出色的耐久性，预计UHPC在建筑结构中的应用将会逐渐增加。由于其硅酸盐水泥用量高，与传统混凝土相比，UHPC的水化热相对较高。因此，锂渣(LS)可用于UHPC配方，以减少波特兰水泥用量，从而限制水化热，同时解决生态和工程问题。本文分别研究了不同掺量LS对UHPC流动性能、微观和宏观力学性能的影响，并设计了正交试验。锂渣对UHPC流动性能的影响十分显著，早龄期锂渣对UHPC宏观力学性能的影响较小，通过延长养护时间，锂渣对UHPC强度的促进作用进一步体现。纳米压痕试验显示，大掺量的锂渣虽然仍然可以提高UHPC强度，但在一定程度上会降低微观弹性模量。一定掺量的锂渣可以降低UHPC成本的同时提高力学性能，通过正交试验可以获取流动性能和力学性能兼顾的锂渣超高性能混凝土。     

模拟酸雨对石粉锂渣超早强超高强混凝土的侵蚀研究

采用周期浸泡加速试验方法,研究了石粉锂渣超早强超高强混凝土的耐硫酸腐蚀性.研究表明,石粉可明显提高混凝土的耐硫酸侵蚀能力,在掺量高达30%的比例范围内,其改善效果随掺量的增加而愈加显著.在固定石粉掺量为10%的条件下,石粉锂渣复掺混凝土的耐硫酸侵蚀性优于单掺石粉的混凝土,抗硫酸侵蚀性随锂渣掺量的增加而提高.混凝土的耐硫酸侵蚀性随酸度的增大而降低.结果表明石粉锂渣超早强超高强混凝土可用于酸雨地区的重大工程.     

锂、钢渣掺合混凝土强度性能的正交试验研究

锂、钢渣是工业废渣,但其化学成分和物理性质均符合混凝土掺合料的特性,对改善混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度有利,而且价格低廉,可降低工程成本.文章中对锂、钢渣高性能混凝土的强度进行了较系统的正交试验研究.试验结果表明:(1)锂、钢渣是影响高性能混凝凝土早强的主要因素,锂渣掺量以10％(前期)和30％(后期)为最优;水胶比则是影响锂、钢渣高性能混凝凝土后期抗压强度的主要因素.(2)磨细钢渣粉对混凝土的充填作用优良,对混凝土早期抗压强度作用显著,钢渣掺量以20％为最优.(3)水胶比对28 d劈裂抗拉强度影响显著.此外,通过试验还得出了不同强度的最优配合比.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。