预制装配型钢混凝土梁受剪承载力试验与计算方法研究

为了深入研究预制装配型钢混凝土梁的受剪机理并提出可准确预测其受剪承载力的计算公式,该文完成了2个足尺预制装配型钢混凝土梁试件的静力剪切性能试验。通过分析试件的破坏过程、荷载-位移曲线和应变发展规律,对不同剪跨比下试件的破坏形态和承载能力进行了研究。基于变形协调桁架-拱模型和Nakamura模型建立了该种预制装配型钢混凝土梁及普通现浇型钢混凝土梁共同适用的受剪承载力计算模型。通过与75个发生剪切破坏的型钢混凝土梁试验结果对比可得:该文提出的计算方法可较好反映型钢混凝土梁的剪切破坏机理,试验值与计算值吻合良好;规范AISC 360-2010和JGJ 138-2016建议的受剪承载力计算公式较为保守。     

型钢混凝土空腹叠合梁受剪承载力试验研究

为更加深入研究型钢混凝土叠合梁的受剪机理,提出更为优化的截面形式,该文完成了10个足尺型钢混凝土叠合梁在单调集中荷载作用下的静力试验研究。通过考察剪跨比、截面形式（空腹和实腹）等参数对受剪性能的影响,着重研究了足尺型钢混凝土空腹叠合梁的受剪性能。结合试验结果对各试件的裂缝形态、破坏特征、承载能力、变形等性能进行了分析研究。采用桁架-拱模型并基于变形协调条件将桁架、拱和型钢三者对受剪承载力的作用相结合,建立了适用于型钢混凝土叠合梁的受剪承载力计算方法。结果表明:型钢混凝土空腹叠合梁与实腹叠合梁具有相似的受剪性能和破坏形态,承载力随剪跨比的增大而减小,试件整体性良好;采用JGJ 2016和YB 9082-2006计算的受剪承载力离散型偏大,该文建立的修正桁架-拱模型计算值与试验结果吻合较好。     

矩形截面框架柱斜向受剪承载力计算模型

为避免矩形截面框架柱在斜向水平地震作用下发生脆性破坏,通过试验研究14根框架柱在斜向水平荷载作用下的受力性能和破坏机理。以桁架-拱模型为基础建立计算矩形截面框架柱斜向受剪承载力的空间桁架-拱模型,该模型主要考虑了框架柱截面面积、混凝土和箍筋材料强度、配箍率、轴压力以及混凝土强度折减系数对其斜向受剪承载力的影响。最后,利用该文以及其他试验共计30根矩形截面框架柱的斜向受剪承载力试验结果对此空间桁架-拱模型的可行性和适用性进行了验证,试验结果与计算值的对比表明利用该模型可以安全计算矩形截面框架柱斜向受剪承载力。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱的修正压-剪-弯分析模型研究

随着服役时间的增加,混凝土结构中钢筋易发生锈蚀,引起混凝土结构承载性能下降,严重影响工程结构的继续使用。该文在分析纵筋锈蚀后的屈曲效应、箍筋锈蚀后的约束效应、混凝土和钢筋材料性能劣化的基础上,建议了考虑锈蚀影响的钢筋、混凝土及锈蚀钢筋与混凝土界面粘结性能的本构模型,以锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱为研究对象,对反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土柱的分析模型进行修正,建立了锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱压-剪-弯交互作用下极限承载力计算模型,并通过21根锈蚀混凝土柱的试验结果对建议分析模型进行了验证。研究结果表明:锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱极限承载力试验值与计算值之比的平均值为1.021,方差为0.014,建议模型极限承载力预测值与试验结果吻合较好,可用于低周反复荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土柱的承载力分析。     

预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁是融合了超高强混凝土材料、钢结构和预应力技术所形成的一种新型组合构件。为了研究预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁的抗弯性能,进行了14根预应力型钢超高强混凝土简支梁在竖向静力荷载作用下的受弯性能试验,分析了试件受力过程、破坏形态、裂缝开展与分布规律等相关试验数据。结果表明:超高强混凝土脆性破坏显著,导致预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁极限状态后承载力骤降,但内置型钢有效提高了试验梁极限状态后的持载能力;预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁以普通受拉纵筋屈服作为试验梁进入屈服阶段的标志,以受压区混凝土崩裂作为试验梁达到极限状态的标志;荷载达到0.9t up之前,试验梁跨中控制截面基本符合平截面假定。在不考虑型钢与混凝土粘结滑移的基础上,采用ANSYS有限元程序对预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁进行数值模拟计算,试验梁开裂荷载、屈服荷载以及极限荷载的计算值与试验值吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的正确性。     

预应力混凝土深受弯构件的裂缝实验研究

结合4根预应力深受弯构件的实验,分析不同剪跨比和不同预应力筋对构件抗剪承载力的影响。分析表明,剪跨比影响不大。通过开裂荷载和极限荷载的计算值与实验测试值的对比可以看出,有效预应力的作用规范偏于保守,因此该文提出考虑预应力影响的深受弯构件的承载力公式,此承载力公式与实验值符合较好。试验表明:施加预应力后,开裂荷载明显提高。从裂缝分布图看出:预应力混凝土深受弯构件在受剪过程中的受力可比拟为桁架拱模型。     

高延性混凝土加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪性能试验研究及承载力计算

为研究高延性混凝土(HDC)加固钢筋混凝土梁的受剪性能,该文对7根HDC加固梁及4根未加固梁进行静力试验,研究剪跨比、配箍率、加固层厚度和加固层附加箍筋对钢筋混凝土梁破坏形态、荷载-挠度曲线、受剪承载力以及裂缝的影响。结果表明:采用HDC面层对钢筋混凝土梁进行受剪加固,可以显著提高梁的受剪承载力;HDC面层可以代替部分箍筋的受剪作用,改善钢筋混凝土梁的剪切破坏形态;加固试件在达到极限位移之后,试件的完整性较好,剩余承载力较高。基于试验结果,利用桁架-拱模型,提出了HDC加固钢筋混凝土梁的受剪承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

氯盐环境下锈蚀预应力混凝土梁抗弯性能试验

为探讨氯盐环境下锈蚀预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能,制作了5根先张预应力混凝土梁,采用电化学法分别对其进行了0 d、7 d、14 d、28 d及42 d的快速腐蚀,随后进行了四点弯曲试验。研究了不同锈蚀程度对预应力混凝土梁自振频率、钢绞线滑移、结构变形、弯曲开裂、破坏模式及极限承载力等性能的影响。结果表明:氯盐环境下锈蚀对预应力混凝土梁高阶频率影响较小,导致一阶频率逐渐增大,28 d后锈蚀裂缝较大且局部混凝土脱落,一阶频率迅速减小;轻微腐蚀对预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能影响较小,腐蚀程度增大,抗弯性能明显降低,腐蚀42 d后,极限挠度减小了18.7%,抗弯承载力减小了17.3%,延性降低了19%;锈蚀钢绞线与混凝土间滑移速率增大,极限滑移值由5 μm增加至11.4 μm;钢筋锈蚀对弯曲裂缝高度发展的影响不大,但促进了裂缝宽度的扩展,结构屈服后,底部裂缝开裂速率由0.0062 mm/kN增加至0.0252 mm/kN。在试验研究基础上,采用有限元软件ANSYS对各锈蚀梁的受载全过程进行了有限元模拟计算,极限荷载和钢绞线滑移量的模拟值与实测值误差分别小于5%和10%,吻合较好。      

高延性混凝土加固钢筋混凝土柱抗剪承载力计算

设计了8个RC柱,采用高延性混凝土（HDC）和灌浆料进行加固,通过低周反复荷载试验,主要研究其破坏形态、加固层作用机理及抗剪承载力计算方法。试验结果表明:HDC加固层可对核心区混凝土形成良好的约束作用,破坏形态由脆性破坏向延性破坏转变,试件承载力和变形能力都得到显著提高;对HDC加固柱的加固层作用机理进行了分析;基于桁架-拱模型对试件受力进行了分析,推导出加固柱的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。     

活性粉末混凝土拱极限承载力试验研究

进行了两根活性粉末混凝土(RPC)模型拱的L/4处单点加载的面内受力全过程试验,建立了考虑材料与几何双重非线性的有限元模型,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。通过与普通混凝土(RC)模型拱的受力性能的比较,对RPC模型拱荷载-竖直位移曲线、裂缝开展情况、截面应变和结构破坏模式等方面进行了分析。试验与有限元计算结果表明,RPC拱受力过程和破坏模式与RC拱相似,分为弹性阶段、裂缝开展阶段和钢筋屈服阶段,最终因出现4个塑性铰形成机构而呈塑性破坏,其极限承载力也可用极限分析法进行简化计算。RPC拱由于其材料性能优越,使其受力性能优于RC拱,在同级荷载下RPC拱裂缝的宽度约为RC拱的25%~50%;而RPC拱的开裂荷载、钢筋屈服荷载和极限承载力均较RC拱有明显的提高。在极限承载力相同的条件下,RPC拱的截面积与自重可以减小到RC拱的67%左右,表明RPC可有效减轻结构自重,提高拱桥跨越能力。     

近海大气环境下锈蚀钢框架梁抗震性能试验及恢复力模型研究

为了研究近海大气环境下锈蚀钢框架梁的抗震性能,对5根钢框架梁进行了近海大气环境加速腐蚀试验和低周反复加载试验,分析了不同锈蚀程度对钢框架梁破坏模式、承载能力、变形能力及耗能能力等的影响。结果表明:随着锈蚀程度的增加,试件底端翼缘屈曲、腹板鼓曲及塑性铰形成所对应的位移逐渐减小;试件承载力及延性显著降低,强度和刚度退化明显,耗能变差。在试验研究的基础上,引入循环退化指数,建立了能够反应强度、刚度循环退化效应的锈蚀钢框架梁恢复力模型;并与试验滞回曲线进行对比,两者吻合较好,验证了该恢复力模型的适用性。研究成果为近海大气环境下在役钢结构的抗震性能评估奠定了试验与理论基础。     

纤维增强聚合物基复合材料加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱轴心受压性能

为了给纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（FRP）加固腐蚀环境下钢筋混凝土圆柱的设计和施工提供参考,促进FRP加固钢筋混凝土圆柱的应用,本文通过加速腐蚀得到类似实际环境中已锈损钢筋混凝土圆柱,采用碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）条带和玻璃纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（GFRP）条带分别对锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱进行加固,最后对加固后圆柱进行轴心受压试验,重点研究钢筋锈蚀率、FRP层数和种类对钢筋混凝土圆柱受压承载力的影响;基于对FRP条带间隔约束效应、钢筋锈蚀对混凝土截面及钢筋力学性能影响的研究与分析,提出FRP条带间隔约束锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱轴心受压承载力计算模型。试验实测值与模型计算值之比的平均值为1.020,变异系数为0.063,二者符合较好。     

Experimental and analytical study of corroded shear-critical reinforced concrete beams

This paper presents the experimental results of two highly corroded shear-critical deep beams subjected to a chloride environment to assess the shear behavior of long-term-corrosion damaged beams. A 26-year-old reinforced concrete beam corroded by exposure to a chloride environment was cut into two small short-shear-span beams, or deep beams, which were tested under three point bending until failure, along with a control beam of the same age, same length and same cross-section (115 × 28 × 15 cm). Cracking and corrosion maps were drawn for the corroded beams in order to assess the corrosion. Force displacement curves were drawn for the corroded and control beams. After testing the beams until failure, the main steel bars and the stirrups were extracted from the beams and loss of mass was measured and plotted for both longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. It was noted that the loss of mass of transverse and longitudinal reinforcements had not had an important influence on the failure mode and it had not affected the load-bearing capacity of the beam. It was found that the stirrups came into action after the failure of the compression strut and thus decreased the ductility of the corroded beams. Analytical investigations were made to compare the experimental shear capacity with the theoretical value. Strut and tie model predictions were more accurate than the conventional sectional methods provided for in ACI 318-08 and Eurocode 2.     

预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁受剪承载力试验研究

基于12榀预应力型钢超高强混凝土简支梁和2榀预应力型钢普通强度混凝土简支梁的受剪试验,揭示了影响试验梁受剪性能的主要因素,探讨了剪跨比、箍筋间距、腹板厚度、混凝土强度和预应力度对试验梁的破坏形态、荷载-挠度曲线、斜截面开裂荷载和受剪承载力的影响规律。试验结果表明:预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁具有更好的受剪承载力和剪切延性,以及更大的刚度;基于试验结果建立了预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁的受剪承载力建议计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明了该文提出的计算公式具有较高的精度。研究成果将为预应力型钢超高强混凝土梁的设计计算和工程应用提供理论依据。     

Mechanical behaviour of corroded RC beams strengthened by NSM CFRP rods

Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete leads to several major defects. Firstly, a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the reinforcement and in its ductility results in premature bar failure. Secondly, the expansion of the corrosion products causes concrete cracking and steel–concrete bond deterioration and also affects the bending stiffness of the reinforced concrete members, causing a reduction in the overall load-bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete beams. This paper investigates the validity of a repair technique using Near Surface Mounted (NSM) carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods to restore the mechanical performance of corrosion-damaged RC beams. In the NSM technique, the CFRP rods are placed inside pre-cut grooves and are bonded to the concrete with epoxy adhesive.Experimental results were obtained on two beams: a corroded beam that had been exposed to natural corrosion for 25 years and a control beam, (both are 3 m long) repaired in bending only. Each beam was repaired with one 6-mm-diameter NSM CFRP rod. The beams were tested in a three-point bending test up to failure. Overall stiffness and crack maps were studied before and after the repair. Ultimate capacity, ductility and failure mode were also reviewed. Finally some comparisons were made between repaired and non-repaired beams in order to assess the effectiveness of the NSM technique. The experimental results showed that the NSM technique improved the overall characteristics (ultimate load capacity and stiffness) of the control and corroded beams and allowed sufficient ductility to be restored to the repaired corroded elements, thus restoring the safety margin, despite the non-classical mode of failure that occurred in the corroded beam, with the separation of the concrete cover due to corrosion products.     

Repairing corroded RC beam with near-surface mounted CFRP rods

This experimental program investigates the possibility of using Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) rods to repair RC beams damaged by steel corrosion. The 6-mm-diameter carbon-epoxy pultruded FRP rods were implemented in undamaged areas of the concrete cover by using the Near Surface Mounted reinforcement (NSM) technique. The corroded beam tested was stored in a chloride environment under service loading for 23 years, which was representative of real structural conditions. The corroded beam showed longitudinal corrosion cracks more than 3 mm in width along the tension reinforcing bars. The repaired corroded beam was tested in three-point flexure up to failure. Then, concrete was removed around the reinforcing bars in order to measure the real local steel cross-section distribution. The maximum reduction in steel cross-section measured in the tension area was about 36% and was located at mid-span. In spite of this heavy corrosion, the bearing capacity measured on the repaired beam was equal to that of the uncorroded control beam. In our experimental conditions, the NSM technique was applicable for repairing corroded concrete structural members.     

Structural performance of shear-critical RC deep beams with corroded longitudinal steel reinforcement

The effect of corrosion of longitudinal reinforcement on the structural performance of shear-critical reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams was experimentally investigated. A total of eight medium-scale reinforced concrete beams were constructed. The beams measured 150 mm wide, 350 mm deep and 1400 mm in length. The test variables included: corrosion levels (0%, 5%, and 7.5%), existence of stirrups and FRP repair. Six beams were subjected to artificial corrosion whereas two beams acted as control un-corroded. Following the corrosion phase, all beams were tested to failure in three point bending. The test results revealed that corrosion of properly anchored longitudinal steel reinforcement does not have any adverse effect on the behaviour of shear critical RC deep beams. Corrosion changed the load transfer mechanism to a pure arch action and as a result the load carrying capacity was improved. A strut and tie model was proposed to predict the failure loads of shear-critical RC deep beams with corroded longitudinal steel reinforcement. The predicted results correlated well with the experimental results.     

Influence of long-term chloride diffusion in concrete and the resulting corrosion of reinforcement on the serviceability of RC beams

This paper presents the chloride penetration and the effect of chloride ingress on the serviceability of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. A series of experimental studies were carried out on beams with various corroded ages up to 28 years. The chloride content in different locations were tested during various periods. Different states influencing the serviceability of the corroded beams were investigated, including the maximum width of the corrosion-induced cracks of the concrete cover, the mid-span deflection of the beams under the service load and their load-bearing capacity. Based on the results available from this programme, the service life of corroded beams was predicted by the corrosion process of the reinforcement. The results showed that the chloride corrosion could significantly deteriorate the serviceability of the beams. The current criteria concerning the chloride content at the level of the reinforcement of the concrete beams and the maximum width of the corrosion-induced cracks appear to be very conservative.