轿车仪表盘的微孔发泡注射成型工艺

分析了轿车仪表盘的传统注射成型工艺和微孔发泡注射成型工艺,研究了熔体温度、注射时间、浇口位置对两种成型过程的影响以及熔体的预注射量、气体发泡剂含量对微孔发泡注射成型泡孔尺寸、密度和填充过程的影响。研究结果表明:采用微孔发泡注射成型工艺可以节省原材料10%,注射压力降低了36.7%,锁模力降低了60.8%,冷却时间缩短了10%,收缩率减小了62.9%。     

超临界CO2发泡工艺对聚乳酸微孔纳米复合材料泡孔结构的影响

利用超临界CO_2作为物理发泡剂,采用高压釜间歇发泡法,制备了聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/氧化锌(PLA/PBS/ZnO)微孔纳米复合材料,研究了超临界CO_2微孔发泡过程中,发泡温度、保压压力和释压速率对PLA/PBS/ZnO微孔纳米复合材料泡孔结构的影响。结果表明:发泡温度对微孔纳米复合材料泡孔结构的影响显著且与纳米复合材料熔体强度密切相关,温度相对过高或过低,都会引起聚合物熔体强度和表面张力的变化而导致无法得到均匀密集的泡孔,当体系的发泡温度为90℃时,复合材料的泡孔平均直径最小,泡孔密度最大,泡孔尺寸分布最集中;保压压力对泡孔结构的影响体现在超临界CO_2的溶解度和发泡体系的黏度上,保压压力较低时得到的泡孔平均尺寸较大且分布不均匀,当保压压力为16 MPa时,复合材料的泡孔平均直径最小,泡孔密度最大,泡孔尺寸分布最集中;释压速率决定着发泡初始阶段的成核效率,随着释压速率的升高,复合材料的泡孔平均直径减小,泡孔密度显著增大,泡孔数量增多且尺寸分布更集中。     

CO2/PS挤出微孔发泡实验研究

微孔物理发泡的方法是利用气体、聚合物熔体体系在高温高压下的热力学不稳定性，在释压降温过程中气体产生相分离而获得发泡的方法。利用气体溶解度对压力的敏感关系，快速释放压力，更能产生微孔结构，据此我们获得了泡孔直径小于１０μｍ，泡孔密度大于１０＾１０ｃｅｌｌｓ／ｃｍ＾３的微孔结构。本实验研究了ＣＯ２浓度、挤出压力等对泡孔密度和大小的影响。文章提出的成核与长大竞争机制能有效地解释非均相成核等的成核过程。     

超临界流体微孔注塑发泡制品的泡孔形态优化研究现状

在节能减排背景下,超临界流体微孔注塑发泡制品的应用对实现交通载具轻量化具有重要意义。超临界流体微孔注塑发泡工艺中泡孔形态的调控对产品质量控制而言非常关键却不易实现。为此,首先针对超临界流体注塑发泡的工艺流程,剖析了导致泡孔形态不均的原因;其次综述了工艺参数、材料改性、工艺方法改进及辅助发泡技术的泡孔形态调控方法,并对相应的泡孔调控机理进行归纳总结;最后,对超临界流体微孔注塑发泡工艺的发展方向做出了展望。     

超临界二氧化碳发泡制备可控形貌的聚乳酸微孔材料

应用超临界CO2制备微孔聚乳酸,研究发泡条件和结晶度对微孔形貌的影响。结果表明,固定饱和压力与降压速率,升高温度有利于泡孔的生成;超过聚乳酸(PLA)完全熔融温度,无法生成泡孔;固定发泡温度与降压速率,提高压力有与温度类似的作用;由于PLA较低的熔体强度,降压速率的提高增大了生成泡孔之间的竞争,可形成孔道连通的微孔形貌;而PLA本身的结晶度很大程度上影响了PLA可发泡的区间,结晶不利于发泡。     

模压法制备微孔发泡聚碳酸酯片材

为制备采用微孔挤出法、微孔注射法及常规发泡方法难以制备的薄型微孔发泡聚碳酸酯(PC)片材,首次采用具有制备周期短、工艺简单、操作容易、制备价格低廉等优点的模压法,通过快速降温降压制备了薄型微孔发泡PC片材,并探讨了加工参数对泡孔结构的影响,利用显微镜对泡孔结构进行了表征.实验结果表明:随着发泡时间的增加,泡孔尺寸先增加后恒定不变,泡孔密度先增加后降低;随发泡压力的增加,泡孔尺寸快速减小后变化不大,泡孔密度先快速增加后变化较小;随着发泡温度的增加,泡孔尺寸快速增加,泡孔密度快速降低;随活化比的增加,泡孔尺寸先减小后增加,泡孔密度则先增加后降低.通过控制发泡时间、发泡压力、发泡温度、活化比等加工参数可以控制微孔发泡PC的泡孔结构.     

PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT纳米复合材料微孔发泡的研究

通过熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT)纳米复合材料母粒。利用"二次开模"法注塑成型制得PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT纳米复合微孔发泡材料。研究了MMT和PP-g-MAH的用量对纳米复合微孔发泡材料发泡质量的影响。结果表明:5%的MMT和6%的PP-g-MAH有较好的协同效应,微孔发泡材料发泡倍率最大,泡孔平均直径最小,泡孔密度较大,泡孔尺寸分布范围较窄。     

微孔发泡聚合物泡孔形貌控制的研究进展

使用超临界流体技术制备微孔发泡聚合物,泡孔形貌是影响微孔聚合物性能的关键因素。针对微孔发泡聚合物泡孔形貌控制,即增加泡孔密度、减小泡孔直径、均化泡孔尺寸分布,从工艺条件、基体性质、共混改性、纳米添加剂、外加力场等影响因素出发,综述了近年来微孔发泡聚合物泡孔形貌控制的研究进展;最后展望了微孔发泡聚合物的前景。     

木粉对聚乳酸流变、结晶及发泡行为的影响

以超临界CO_2为发泡剂,设计高温保压、低温快速泄压发泡的工艺,制备微孔发泡木粉/聚乳酸复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、旋转流变仪对复合体系结晶及流变性能进行分析。采用排水法及扫描电镜研究了木粉含量对发泡材料表观密度、发泡倍率,泡孔密度及泡孔形貌的影响。结果表明,木粉的加入提高了木粉/聚乳酸复合材料熔体的复数黏度和储能模量,降低了聚乳酸的结晶度,提高了泡孔密度,减小了泡孔尺寸。当木粉含量为20%时,木粉/聚乳酸发泡材料表观密度为0.19g/cm~3,发泡倍率达到7倍,泡孔密度为7.23×10~8 cm~(-3),平均泡孔直径为20μm。     

注塑工艺参数对HDPE化学发泡行为的影响

设计了注塑工艺参数对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)化学发泡质量影响的正交实验,用SEM对发泡HDPE材料样品的泡孔形态和尺寸进行了观察和测量统计,系统研究了注塑温度、注塑压力、注塑速度和冷却固化时间对化学发泡法制备高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)发泡材料泡孔平均直径、泡孔尺寸分布、泡孔密度的影响。结果表明,注塑温度对发泡HDPE的结构参数影响最大,其次为注塑压力。注塑温度的影响与其对发泡剂分解速度、产气量、熔体强度的影响而导致泡孔的形核和长大(并泡)过程有关。通过优化工艺,获得了泡孔平均直径为21μm、泡孔密度为每立方厘米3.2×107个、泡孔尺寸分布均匀的HDPE发泡材料样品。     

Plastic Injection Molding of High-Aspect Ratio Micro-Rods

Technological advancements have led to an increase in demand for fabrication of small and cheap miniature components or parts, especially in the medical and electronic fields. In this research work, micro-rods of varying lengths and diameters were molded using a specially designed tabletop injection molding machine. The main purpose was to investigate whether complete filling of the microcavities was possible and whether small cavity openings will restrict melt flow into the cavities.

Process parameters, such as injection pressure, mold temperature and melt temperature were varied. The micro-rods obtained were analyzed with Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM). The results showed that injection pressure was the most important parameter for microinjection molding. The use of a vacuum system also yielded better results.     

Plastic Injection Molding of High-Aspect Ratio Micro-Rods

Technological advancements have led to an increase in demand for fabrication of small and cheap miniature components or parts, especially in the medical and electronic fields. In this research work, micro-rods of varying lengths and diameters were molded using a specially designed tabletop injection molding machine. The main purpose was to investigate whether complete filling of the microcavities was possible and whether small cavity openings will restrict melt flow into the cavities.

Process parameters, such as injection pressure, mold temperature and melt temperature were varied. The micro-rods obtained were analyzed with Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM). The results showed that injection pressure was the most important parameter for microinjection molding. The use of a vacuum system also yielded better results.     

Visualization of counter pressure mechanism in gas-assisted injection molding process

Abstract

Gas-assisted injection molding (GAIM) refers to injecting gas into the short shot melt during the filling stage. Compressed gas is used as the medium to push the melt and to provide the packing pressure. In GAIM, the hollow area and penetration length are the main factors that will affect the quality of molded parts. This study has applied a Gas Counter Pressure (GCP) mechanism and has discussed the effect of GCP in the GAIM process with in-mold visualization of this complex molding flow. This study introduces a counter pressure mechanism in a thick paper-clip-shaped cavity design. The flow field under different counter pressure conditions is observed by high-speed photography, the fiber orientations are analyzed with SEM, and the affected penetration length and hollow area are measured relatively. The experimental results show that when the GCP is applied to GAIM, although the hollow area is reduced, the penetration length will be increased, so as to make the quality of molded part more uniform and reduce the shrinkage. And a quantitative measuring method of two-stage penetration time span is proposed to get more in-depth discussion about the interactions between GCP and GAIM.     

Temperature and pressure evolution in fast heat cycle injection molding

An accurate mold temperature control during injection molding processes allows obtaining objects with better surface finishing, more accurate surface replication, and reduced frozen-in orientation. The control of these properties is particularly important when the thickness of the molded part is very small as in the case of microinjection. In this work, thin multilayer heaters are adopted to obtain a very fast mold surface temperature evolution during the process of an isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The effect of mold temperature history on the pressure developed inside the cavity is analyzed and correlated to both gate solidification and mold deformation. Results confirmed that, with a fast control of the cavity surface temperature, a reduction of the injection pressure is achieved, without affecting the cycle time. The understanding of the phenomena that occur during the fast temperature evolution on the cavity surface can allow the microstructural calibration of the molded parts.     

改性PET的微孔注塑成型

采用均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)扩链增粘改性后的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)(M-PET)进行Mucell微孔注塑成型实验。扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,M-PET具备了维持良好泡孔形态所需的熔体强度,其微孔注塑制品分为皮层、中间层与芯层三部分。通过正交实验和信噪比(S/N)分析法,考察了M-PET在微孔注塑成型过程中各重要操作参数对制品拉伸强度的影响。研究结果表明,高的熔胶量,适中的发泡剂含量和熔体温度,以及较低的射胶速率和模具温度有利于提高制品的拉伸强度,在各操作参数中,熔胶量对制品拉伸强度影响最大。获得了发泡样条力学性能与减质量之间的关系。     

电磁动态塑料注射成型技术的研究

对电磁动态塑料注射成型机的性能进行了研究,分析了这种新型的成型设备和成型技术在机台结构、成型工艺条件、制品性能等方面所具有的特点。     

注射压缩成型与常规注射成型的模腔压力对比分析

在自主开发的注射压缩模具上安装模腔压力传感器,从工艺角度出发,对常规注射成型和注射压缩成型的模腔压力进行了工艺相关性的对比与分析。结果表明,注射压缩可有效降低注射压力和模腔压力,使模腔压力场更加均匀。常规注射成型中模腔压力受模具温度的影响最大,其次为熔体温度、保压时间和保压压力,而注射压缩成型中压缩速率对模腔压力的影响最大,其次为熔体温度和模具温度,压缩行程最弱。低残余应力与低翘曲变形进一步验证了注射压缩的技术优势和压力场特征,表明了模腔压力具有重要的工艺性能指导作用。     

气体辅助注射成型聚丙烯的多层次结构

用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了气体辅助注射成型(GAIM)和常规注射成型(CIM)等规聚丙烯(iPP)在不同部位的结晶形态。发现CIM试样的"皮-芯"结构不明显,而GAIM试样在不同部位则形成了包括球晶、串晶和取向片晶,进而表现出明显的多层次结构。在结晶形态分析的基础上,初步探讨了GAIM制品多层次结构的形成机理。