自供电式热能检测系统的设计

本文以基于自供电的热能检测系统为研究对象,提出热能检测的自供电模式,在节能的同时进而实现了能源的有效利用。设计了以Atmeage16为中央处理器的低功耗外围电路,包括升压和稳压电路、电源电压检测电路、流量检测电路、LCD显示电路等。     

在3V电源下获得12VP-P驱动压电扬声器的新型放大电路

问题的引出应该说,外形很薄的压电扬声器可以为便携式电子设备提供高质量的音响,但它们需要在其两极加上峰峰值超过8V_(p-p)的电压信号。问题在于绝大多数便携式设备中,一般仅有一个3V的低压电源,采用常规式电池供电的放大器无法提供足够高的电压振幅来驱动压电扬声器。解决方案之一是采用图1中的IC1 MAX4410新型放大器电路,因在该电路     

基于FPGA的高精度压电陶瓷数字驱动电源

 针对压电陶瓷驱动器在六自由度微动平台中的应用,研制了基于FPGA和PA85的六通道高精度数字驱动电源.该驱动电源分为D/A转换和高压线性放大两个模块,D/A转换模块将计算机发出的数字信号指令转换成模拟电压信号输出并进行初级低压放大,高压线性放大模块采用直流放大式电路,将经过初级放大的电压信号进行高压放大.实验结果表明,该驱动电源具有输出精度高、响应速度快、驱动能力强、稳定性好、结构简单、集成度高和调试方便等特点,能有效地应用于六自由度微动平台驱动中.     

自供电式并联电感同步开关压电能量收集电路实现方法研究

针对并联电感同步开关(SSHI)压电能量收集电路在实际中不易实现,需要外接电源等问题,在通过ANSYS的谐响应分析和静态分析求解出压电能量收集器自由电容的基础上,设计一种由能量收集部分、同步开关控制电压生成部分和直流供电部分组成的自供电式SSHI电路:采用二阶R-C移向电路,过零比较器和异或门电路产生的输出电压来控制双向开关适时闭合,运用全桥整流(AC-DC)能量收集电路为所用的低功耗电子器件供电。通过实验成功实现了SSHI压电能量收集电路的功能,有效地提高了能量收集效率,为SSHI能量收集电路在实际中的应用提供一种新的、易于实现的方法。     

基于压电陶瓷的自维持压电电源设计与建模研究

为解决浮桥监测系统网络节点供电问题,设计一种新型自维持压电电源,其最大特点是采用了以弹簧-质量块组件为核心的自维持压电结构,它将工作环境产生的机械能转换为振动源,以延长载荷持续效果并延长电源供电时间。阐述了自维持钹式压电电源结构设计,并从材料选择、钹形端帽加工、粘结固定等方面对钹式压电阵列制作工艺进行了描述。最后基于自维持压电结构,在对钹式压电结构受力分析的基础上,利用柱坐标系压电方程推导出自维持压电电源的输出电压、电荷以及电能公式,基于发电模型定性分析了相关参数对发电特性的影响规律。     

基于压电陶瓷的引信物理电源的建模与设计

压电陶瓷能将弹药发射环境中的机械能转换为电能,压电电源就是基于此特性为引信供电的环境能源。提出一种压电发电建模方法,利用其对引信压电电源的发电特性进行了理论研究。共包括两个步骤:利用总能量求偏导法推导出并联压电叠堆产生的电压、电荷及电能公式;将压电结构发电模型等效为电路形式,利用电路知识分析得到压电电源的电能输出表达式。然后利用MATLAB软件进行了数值仿真分析,最后以所得理论模型为指导、以最大化提高发电量为目的进行压电电源的设计。     

基于压电自供电的无线传感网络网关节点设计

针对无线传感网络中网关节点数据传输量大、能耗高,导致其难以长时间工作的问题,基于Zig Bee、GPRS、压电电源设计自供电无线传感网络网关节点。首先,采用Zig Bee最小系统CC2530和GPRS模块搭建网关节点硬件结构,CC2530模块实现处理、存储接收数据,GPRS模块实现远距离传输数据;其次,采用压电陶瓷片和能量转换芯片LTC3588-1设计压电自供电电源,给网关节点供电。实验证明,压电陶瓷片在固定振动频率下,输出电压为70 V、电流为19 m A;当有1,2道墙阻隔时丢包率分别低于5%、10%。基于压电自供电的无线传感网络网关节点具有无源、丢包率低、可靠性强等特点。     

能量回馈型脉冲磁控溅射电源仿真研究

本文设计了一种基于ARM数字化控制的能量回馈型脉冲溅射电源,系统采用ARM作为控制器,用于控制PWM驱动信号的产生。详细介绍了脉冲发生电路拓扑结构、分析了脉冲发生电路的工作原理以及控制方法的选用。经MATLAB仿真验证,该电源具有动态特性好,控制简单可靠,能量回馈的特点。     

一种线性保护输入的恒压LED驱动电源设计

采用对母线电压进行反馈调节的恒压控制方式,设计研究了一种新型高压(260AC)线性保护输入LED驱动电路.利用LD7591GS芯片控制的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)电路和外围光耦电压反馈电路以及LNK564芯片控制的线性隔离变换电路,通过对驱动电路拓扑结构进行研究设计,并对变压器参数进行优化,实现了电压反馈的线性保护输入LED驱动电源设计.实验结果表明,采用外围电压反馈方式电路和线性隔离保护电路调整的LED驱动电源电路具有较好的安全稳定特性和低纹波PWM输出波形,并具有高转化效率,良好的抗电磁干扰性能和稳定的恒压功能.     

便携式原子力显微镜扫描驱动器的设计与实现

设计了一种便携式原子力显微镜压电陶瓷管驱动器,该驱动器使用5～12V宽幅直流电源,产生+215V和±15V的电源供给高压放大模块和信号调理模块,可将输入的-10V～+10V控制信号,放大为-200V～+200V的电压驱动压电陶瓷扫描管,功耗仅为2W左右,体积为150mm×60mm,可以使用电池供电并连续工作7～8h。该驱动器是便携式原子力显微镜的一个重要模块,该模块功能的实现使原子力显微镜在工业现场和野外环境进行测量成为可能。     

用于应变仪的程控精密激励源设计

为了解决在应变测量中需要的高精度、低干扰并具有相对大的驱动能力的激励源产生的问题。采用可编程基准源和驱动两级电路,通过可编程的DAC生成电压基准,再通过驱动电路,程控选择电压激励源和电流激励源的生成和输出。所设计的程控精密激励源具有体积小、精度高、功耗低、配置灵活的特点。实际应用表明,本设计达到了技术方案要求并已成功应用于实际的应变测量之中。     

Optically-supplied voltage transducer for distorted signals inhigh-voltage systems

A new approach to the implementation of a measurement transducer for high-voltage (HV) electric power systems is presented. The power supply for the HV section of the measurement system, together with the required galvanic isolation, is obtained by means of an innovative energy transfer technique from the low-voltage to the HV section. The energy transfer apparatus is based on conversion of the optical power generated by a laser source into the electrical power needed to supply the measurement circuit. The structure of the insulated transducer is based on a capacitive divider and two electrically isolated signal conditioning sections. The proposed solution allowed for designing and developing a novel and high-performance HV transducer for in-field applications. A prototype version of the transducer was constructed following these new design criteria, and the experimental results confirmed a measurement bandwidth as wide as 5 kHz within a 0.5 accuracy class     

Tolerance‐based reliability and optimization design of switched‐mode power supply

Due to its high efficiency and low power consumption, switched‐mode power supply (SMPS) represents the development trend of the stabilized voltage power supply. However, tolerance has become one of the key factors in the design of SMPS because of the process fluctuation of electronic components, unstable input parameters of the circuit system, influence of working conditions and environment, and the effect of aging. In order to improve the reliability of SMPS and reduce the manufacturing cost, this paper proposes a reliability analysis and optimization design method based on the tolerance and sensitivity analysis. Finally, this method is applied to the tolerance design for the positive switching power supply of the SMPS circuits, and the optimal tolerance design scheme is obtained. Furthermore, the reliability and probability density curves are evaluated.     

A new generation of power supplies for electron beam welding machines

Widely used electron beam welding machines are equipped with heavy power supplies, located in a special oil tank and connected with an electron gun to a high-voltage cable. A special system detects electric discharges in the electron gun space, which may arise during welding and then it tries to switch off the high voltage to interrupt an electric arc. Such disadvantages have been eliminated with the novel power supply described here. The Q of resonance circuit of this supply is stabilized and as a result circulating power appears. During an electric discharge in the gun, power is not sent to the electron gun but circulates between the electronic parts of the resonance circuit without losses and “waits” for the break in the short circuit. The power supply is much smaller and lighter than supplies of similar rating used nowadays. It is connected directly to the electron gun chamber without a high-voltage cable. The first construction of the supply was designed for electron beam welding machine of 5 kW power and 60 kV accelerating voltage. Tests of the new power supply in laboratory and industrial conditions have shown its usefulness for electron beam welding.     

Simple circuits for generating high-voltage staircase waveforms

Two novel circuits are described which provide simple generation of high-voltage staircase waveforms for driving electro-optical (EO) loads. The circuits use power MOSFET's in what is essentially a switching mode. For applications which require high-voltage step-type waveforms, this technique offers substantial power savings and improved time-domain response over drive circuits that use a linear amplifier approach. Waveform characteristics can be controlled at a low voltage point, allowing flexible and accurate operation     

电流变液力悬置可控高压电源的性能研究

为了将电流变技术用于汽车发动机液力悬置,必须有可控高压电源.介绍基于脉宽调制芯片TL494的高压电源的工作原理,其电压可由单片机控制的数字电位器进行调整.用数字示波器对电源性能进行了测试分析,获得电源性能曲线.该电源体积小,可靠性高,电压调整迅速准确,可以满足应用于电流变液力悬置的需要.     

Novel method for driving the ultrasonic motor

This paper reports a novel driving method for an annular plate-type ultrasonic motor. Instead of the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) converter type driver using a conventional electromagnetic transformer, a compact disc-type piezoelectric transformer is used to obtain a high voltage output for driving the ultrasonic motor. The piezoelectric transformer is operated in the radial vibration mode at resonance frequency close to the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic motor. Later, it was found that the piezoelectric transformer could drive the ultrasonic motor, even if their resonance frequencies are not exactly the same by incorporating a matching network in the circuit. The maximum speed of the ultrasonic motor obtained by using this driving method is over 300 rpm. It is believed that the results of this study will have impact on the integration and miniaturization of the ultrasonic motor and its driving circuit.     

深腔流激振荡特性研究及能量采集初步分析

针对深腔流激振荡现象的内部声场特性及其流体动能利用方法进行了研究,通过对谐振空腔内部的流场和声场进行数值模拟,探究腔体结构尺寸和流速对内部声振荡响应特性的影响,选用合适的空腔结构安装压电换能器初步实现声电能量转换过程,并进行实验验证。结果表明,当谐振腔开口尺寸H_(R)=30 mm,长度L_(R)=230 mm时,可在相当于高压输气管道的流速范围内获得属于第一水力模态和第一声学模态的稳定声振荡;当气体流速为32.26 m·s^(-1)时,声场压力振幅可达4.62 kPa;选用压电陶瓷厚度hp=1.0 mm的压电片进行实验测试,可得开路电压为1.99 V;实验结果与模型预测结果趋势一致。该方法丰富了环境流体动能的利用方式,且有望在低功耗、远距离、低维护等特殊场合的微型无线电子设备中实现无源供电。