辐射松预水解对后续蒸煮及氧脱木素过程木素脱除效果的影响

本文研究了辐射松木片预水解对蒸煮和后续氧脱木素过程的影响。结果表明,预水解温度为168℃,预水解时间在60~90 min时,半纤维素脱除率大于50%,而纤维素的损失率小于10%,且纤维素聚合度不降低;同时也能促进蒸煮过程及后续氧脱木素过程木素的脱除,蒸煮后纸浆卡伯值降低至16.3,氧脱木素后纸浆卡伯值降低至2.8。当预水解时间超过120 min,预水解则会对后续的蒸煮起阻碍作用,造成蒸煮困难,表现在纸浆卡伯值急剧上升,甚至出现生煮现象。预水解时间控制在180 min之内,预水解可以提高氧脱木素过程中木素的脱除率,预水解时间超过180 min,预水解对氧脱木素的影响则不明显。预水解对蒸煮过程的影响大于对氧脱木素过程的影响,尤其是过度预水解对蒸煮有阻碍作用,但是对后续氧脱木素的影响则不显著。     

溶解浆粕制备过程中降低聚戊糖含量的方法

在溶解浆粕的制备过程中,能否大量去除纸浆中的半纤维素从而提高其α-纤维素的比例是关键。研究了由木材原料通过蒸煮制备溶解浆粕过程以及由竹浆直接制备溶解浆过程中降低其半纤维素含量的方法。在由木片为原料通过蒸煮制备溶解浆的实验方案中,主要研究了预水解硫酸盐法中预水解工艺对纸浆中半纤维素含量的影响,认为预水解保温2h能较为有效地降低蒸煮所得纸浆的半纤维素含量;在由竹浆原料直接制备溶解浆的实验方案中,重点研究了酸处理工艺以及碱处理工艺对去除竹浆中的半纤维素以及降解纤维素聚合度方面的影响,并得出酸处理与碱处理相结合的方法能够最大限度地去除半纤维素同时保护纤维素聚合度。     

楠竹预水解硫酸盐法制浆工艺

以楠竹为原料生产竹浆粕,对水预水解和硫酸盐法蒸煮的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:水预水解阶段最优工艺条件为P因子1000;硫酸盐蒸煮阶段最优工艺条件为H因子1000、用碱量17%(Na2O计)、硫化度20%。按此工艺条件所得的浆粕α-纤维素含量94.55%,黏度1096mL·g-1,细浆得率33.59%,卡伯值10.76,聚戊糖含量4.81%。     

芦苇预水解硫酸盐法人纤浆粕的制备及其预水解动力学研究

对芦苇预水解硫酸盐法试制人纤浆粕的预水解硫酸盐蒸煮最佳工艺条件及其动力学进行了研究。结果表明,芦苇的预水解反应为一级反应。水解过程中,只要控制P-因子相同,即可获得同样品质的半料浆。芦苇在175℃下、保温90min即可溶出约75%的戊聚糖和50%的木素。芦苇预水解的最佳条件为:最高温度175℃,保温时间90min,液比1∶6。芦苇预水解后硫酸盐蒸煮的最佳工艺条件为:用碱量10%(对绝干原料,以Na2O计),硫化度15%,最高温度160℃,保温时间30min,液比1∶4。经CEHA四段漂白后,所制得的人纤浆粕各项指标符合标准要求。     

桉木硫酸盐法蒸煮前预提取聚木糖的研究

研究了桉木硫酸盐法制浆前的半纤维素提取工艺。对桉木片进行预水解处理,通过改变温度和时间对半纤维素提取工艺进行优化。水解液中提取的聚木糖为12~38 g/L,相当于木片质量的9%-15%。对预水解后木片进行硫酸盐法蒸煮,结果表明,与未经预水解相比,预水解后木片更容易脱木素,成浆更易漂白,预水解中聚戊糖去除得越多,所得浆料的强度性能越低。     

竹浆纤维--浆粕的制备研究

研究用预水解硫酸盐蒸煮法制备再生竹纤维——浆粕。分析了预水解硫酸盐蒸煮的原理及工艺条件,简要介绍了多段漂白工艺,并测试了成品的质量指标。     

再生竹纤维浆粕的制备研究

研究了预水解硫酸盐蒸煮法制备再生竹纤维浆粕的方法。分析了预水解硫酸盐蒸煮的原理,简要介绍了多段漂白工艺并测试了成品的的质量指标。     

慈竹模拟置换蒸煮工艺研究

研究了慈竹模拟置换蒸煮过程中预浸渍段、温充段、热充段NaOH浓度及硫化度对置换蒸煮的影响。结果表明,在慈竹模拟置换蒸煮过程中,在一定范围内NaOH浓度升高时,有利于药液向慈竹内部的渗透,利于蒸煮;温充段对脱木素的贡献大于预浸渍阶段;热充段NaOH浓度对深度脱木素影响最显著。硫化度从23%提高到44%时,利于深度脱木素,浆料卡伯值下降显著,同时得率也随之下降。当预浸渍段、温充段、热充段的NaOH浓度分别为10、15～20、30 g/L,硫化度为23%～30%时,浆料卡伯值为10.7～17.8,得率为43.1%～45.1%。置换蒸煮与普通蒸煮相比,当成浆得率相当时,置换蒸煮成浆卡伯值较低;当卡伯值相当时,置换蒸煮成浆得率较高。     

醋化级芦苇溶解浆的制备及其性能

为探索使用可再生的芦苇资源制备醋化级溶解浆的可行性,以湖南洞庭湖区的南荻为原料,采用水预水解-硫酸盐法蒸煮-D₀E_pD₁(ClO₂漂白脱木素段-H₂O₂漂白段-ClO₂漂白增加白度段)3段漂白工艺制备了南荻浆粕,并对其甲种纤维素含量、白度、聚合度、多戊糖含量、灰分含量和铁含量,以及表观形貌、化学结构和晶体结构等进行测试与分析。结果表明：蒸煮后南荻的粗浆得率为46.31%,3段漂白工艺使南荻浆粕的主要性能指标得到明显改善,其甲种纤维素含量提高了1.24%达到97.70%,白度提高1倍达到91.42%,特性黏度降低38.01%,使南荻浆粕的平均聚合度达到1 413;制浆过程中高温、NaOH、Na₂S、ClO₂和H₂O₂的共同作用使南荻中的木质素、半纤维素和灰分得到有效去除。本文工艺制备的南荻浆粕的性能达到了醋化级溶解浆的基本要求,为下一步制备醋酯纤维素...     

热水预水解对杨木半纤维素提取及后续硫酸盐法制浆的影响

基于制浆造纸过程中的生物质精炼理念,利用热水预水解预先提取杨木木片中的半纤维素,然后对水解后的木片进行硫酸盐法蒸煮,探讨预水解因子（P因子）对半纤维素提取和后续硫酸盐法制浆的影响。研究结果表明,热水预水解对半纤维素的提取效果显著,且P因子可较好地控制预水解反应过程;预水解处理能提高后续硫酸盐法蒸煮脱木素的效果,降低蒸煮用碱量,但会增大后续浆料打浆难度,同时降低成纸的某些物理性能。综合考虑后续水解液的生物质利用和水解木片的硫酸盐法制浆,当P因子为608~1060时,水解液中的聚戊糖提取率为33.18%~35.31%,相应的预水解KP制浆得率为39.47%~37.12%;与未经热水预水解处理的对照样相比,热水预水解处理后浆料性能和黑液性能均较好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.