粉煤灰、石灰石粉复掺对水泥净浆工作性能的影响

通过检测水泥净浆流动度和Marsh时间,研究了不同掺量粉煤灰与石灰石粉对水泥浆体的工作性能的影响。结果表明,粉煤灰单掺掺量为20%的水泥浆体工作性能最优,单掺石灰石粉的水泥浆体随着掺量增加流动度呈线性增长;复掺掺量分别为20%、30%,粉煤灰和石灰石粉等量时,水泥浆体工作性能最好;通过对水泥、粉煤灰和石灰石粉的粒径分析,从微观角度分析了不同级配的水泥浆体的工作性能。     

石灰石粉和含铝相辅助性胶凝材料的协同作用对混凝土抗碳化性能的影响

为了研究石灰石粉和含铝相辅助性胶凝材料的协同作用对混凝土抗碳化性能的影响,选取了两种含铝相辅助性胶凝材料和石灰石粉以不同比例取代水泥,并采用差热分析、XRD和压汞法测试了其水化产物和微观结构。研究结果表明,单掺石灰石粉降低了混凝土的抗碳化性能,当石灰石粉掺量约为10%时,混凝土的碳化深度最低。当复掺石灰石粉和含铝相辅助性胶凝材料时,两者反应生成了碳铝酸钙,增大了固相体积,优化了孔结构,它们的协同作用提高了混凝土的抗碳化性能。当石灰石粉掺量为5%~15%,粉煤灰掺量小于10%,或者矿粉掺量为10%~30%时,混凝土的碳化深度最低。     

粉煤灰-矿渣再生混凝土抗压强度及尺寸效应研究

以粉煤灰和矿渣掺入方式和掺量为变量,设计24组C30再生粗骨料混凝土,对再生混凝土的抗压强度进行了研究。试验结果表明,粉煤灰或矿渣单掺时,再生混凝土的抗压强度随矿物掺料的掺量增加呈现先上升后下降趋势,同等掺量下矿渣单掺优于粉煤灰单掺;双掺时保持粉煤灰或矿渣掺量20%不变,再生混凝土立方体和轴心抗压强度随另一种微细矿物掺量的增加同样呈现先上升后下降趋势,双掺较单掺方式对再生混凝土抗压强度的提升效果更佳,且再生混凝土的抗压强度存在明显的尺寸效应。单掺粉煤灰或矿渣时再生混凝土轴心抗压强度和立方体抗压强度换算系数随其掺量增加而增大,双掺则稳定保持在0.85±0.02。此外,论文还建立了不同微细矿物掺料条件下再生混凝土抗压强度换算系数的修正公式,验证结果表明公式预测误差较小。建议实际工程再生混凝土配制采用粉煤灰和矿渣双掺方式,且掺量控制在25%以内。     

复掺偏高岭土对混凝土抗压强度的影响

我国高岭土资源丰富,偏高岭土应用于混凝土有将会很大前景。本文对比研究了复掺偏高岭土对混凝土抗压强度的影响。研究表明在水胶比为0．31下,偏高岭土与粉煤灰总掺量为35％（偏高岭土掺量为8％）时更能充分发挥偏高岭土的活性。合理的偏高岭土掺入对掺粉煤灰混凝土早期抗压强度有提高明显,抗压强度提高可达47％。     

粉煤灰陶粒混凝土的抗盐冻性能

为了评价桥面铺装中应用的轻骨料混凝土长期耐久性,利用R ILEM推荐混凝土抗盐冻性能试验标准(CDF)研究了粉煤灰陶粒混凝土与普通混凝土的抗盐冻性能.结果表明:相同强度等级的掺加矿物掺合料的粉煤灰陶粒混凝土的抗盐冻性能明显优于普通混凝土的抗盐冻性能.复掺矿物掺合料混凝土的抗盐冻性能优于单掺矿物掺合料混凝土的抗盐冻性能.与普通混凝土相比,通过SEM-EDXA的分析,掺与未掺矿物掺合料陶粒与水泥石之间的界面过渡区的范围明显变小,这是粉煤灰陶粒混凝土抗除冰盐性能优良的重要原因.     

活性掺合料对再生混凝土与钢筋粘结性能的影响

通过单掺粉煤灰、单掺矿渣、复掺粉煤灰和矿渣三种不同改性方案,研究矿物掺合料对再生混凝土与钢筋粘结强度的影响,为再生混凝土合理使用矿物掺合料提供试验依据。     

有机纤维与聚合物复掺改性水泥砂浆力学性能研究

要 在固定水灰比为0.35条件下,分别研究了聚酯纤维、聚合物丁苯乳液单掺与复掺时对水泥混凝土抗压抗折强度、折压比的影响.结果表明:单掺聚酯纤维在一定掺量下可以不同程度地提高水泥砂浆的抗压抗折强度,折压比随着聚酯纤维含量的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势;单掺聚合物乳液降低了水泥砂浆的抗压强度,而折压比则随聚合物乳液掺量增加呈现逐步变大的趋势;聚酯纤维与聚合物乳液复掺时,聚合物乳液的掺入使聚酯纤维混凝土的抗压强度出现小幅降低,增强了其抗折强度,提高了其折压比,当纤维体积掺量为0.1％、聚灰比为15％时,聚酯纤维聚合物水泥混凝土的柔性最大;纤维-聚合物复掺能够使其性能得到进一步改善,效果优于两者的单掺效果.并通过扫描电镜探讨了聚酯纤维与聚合物乳液在水泥砂浆中的作用机理,表明两者复掺有效填充了水泥基材料内部的宏观与微观缺陷,提高了界面过渡区的密实程度.     

水泥泡沫混凝土的改性研究

采用丁苯乳液、苯丙乳液、硅灰、粉煤灰和橡胶粉等外加剂分别对物理发泡水泥混凝土的性能进行单一和复合改进试验。结果表明,复掺硅灰和丁苯乳液可显著提高泡沫混凝土早期强度,并降低吸水率,改善混凝土性能,当硅灰掺量4%,丁苯乳液掺量12%时,混凝土吸水率降低17%,7d抗压强度增加0.5 MPa;丁苯乳液对降低泡沫混凝土吸水率有一定促进作用;苯丙乳液对混凝土强度影响较大;硅灰与粉煤灰降低吸水率效果不佳;橡胶粉不能作为混凝土外加改性材料。     

再生细骨料和超细粉煤灰增强UHPC的力学性能研究

为研究超细粉煤灰和再生细骨料对超高性能混凝土（UHPC）性能的影响,通过工作性能、轴心抗压、轴心抗拉和电镜扫描试验研究了超细粉煤灰和再生细骨料对UHPC抗压强度、抗拉强度和微观结构的影响规律,并建立了基于超细粉煤灰和再生细骨料影响的UHPC强度预测模型。结果表明：增加超细粉煤灰掺量,UHPC扩展度增加流动性较好,掺量不超过10%可改善UHPC抗压强度,达到115.36 MPa,超过后抗压强度有所降低,抗拉强度呈现上升趋势;再生细骨料掺量增加UHPC工作性能变差,但抗压强度及抗拉强度逐渐升高;电镜扫描试验发现粉煤灰消耗Ca（OH）₂产生更多C-H-S凝胶使得结构内部更加密集。基于改进的可压缩堆积理论模型,建立了超细粉煤灰改性再生细骨料UHPC强度预测模型。     

新疆地区商品混凝土中粉煤灰和矿粉双掺的试验研究

本文根据混凝土设计强度的不断提高和混凝土行业可持续发展的要求,通过对粉煤灰、矿粉的单掺及粉煤灰和矿粉的双掺,对混凝土的性能进行比较研究,双掺混凝土不论是拌合物的和易性,还是混凝土的力学性能、耐久性都优于单掺混凝土。实现混凝士优化配置,并且降低成本,可以采用双掺技术,有利于环保和可持续发展。     

The effect of limestone powder,fly ash and silica fume on the properties of self-compacting repair mortars

Self-compacting repair mortars (SCRM) are preferred for the rehabilitation and repair of reinforced concrete structures especially at narrow mould systems. Self compactability and stability are susceptible to ternary effects of chemical and mineral admixture type and their content. In this study, the effect of limestone powder (LP) on the properties of SCRM has been compared with other mineral additives (silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) and their combinations) effects. Fresh properties, flexural and compressive strengths and water absorption properties of mortars were determined. The use of SF in mortars significantly increased the dosage of superplasticiser (SP). At the same constant SP dosage (0·8%) and mineral additives content (30%), LP can better improve the workability than that of control and FA mixtures by 19% and 27%. However, the results of this study suggest that certain FA, SF and LP combinations can improve the workability of SCRMs, more than FA, SF and LP alone. LP can have a positive influence on the mechanical performance at early strength development while SF improved aggregate-matrix bond resulting from the formation of a less porous transition zone in mortar. SF can better reducing effect on total water absorption while FA and LP will not have the same effect, at 28 days.     

The effect of chemical admixtures and mineral additives on the properties of self-compacting mortars

Mortar serves as the basis for the workability properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) and these properties could be assessed by self-compacting mortars (SCM). In fact, assessing the properties of SCM is an integral part of SCC design. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various mineral additives and chemical admixtures in producing SCMs. For this purpose, four mineral additives (fly ash, brick powder, limestone powder, and kaolinite), three superplasticizers (SP), and two viscosity modifying admixtures (VMA) were used. Within the scope of the experimental program, 43 mixtures of SCM were prepared keeping the amount of mixing water and total powder content (portland cement and mineral additives) constant. Workability of the fresh mortar was determined using mini V-funnel and mini slump flow tests. The setting time of the mortars, were also determined. The hardened properties that were determined included ultrasonic pulse velocity and strength determined at 28 and 56 days. It was concluded that among the mineral additives used, fly ash and limestone powder significantly increased the workability of SCMs. On the other hand, especially fly ash significantly increased the setting time of the mortars, which can, however, be eliminated through the use of ternary mixtures, such as mixing fly ash with limestone powder. The two polycarboxyl based SPs yield approximately the same workability and the melamine formaldehyde based SP was not as effective as the other two.     

矿物掺合料早期水化活性的测试和分析

本文采用环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和热重-差热(TG-DTA)分析仪对磨细矿渣微粉、高钙粉煤灰、低钙粉煤灰的早期水化活性进行了系统测试和分析.理论和试验结果分析表明,掺合料取代水泥时,浆体早期抗压强度的提高取决于掺合料自身参与水化反应的速度和水化产物的数量.水化产物在掺合料颗粒表面沉积的速度和浆体中硅酸盐、铝酸盐水化产物的非蒸发水量随掺合料活性的提高而提高.掺合料活性按磨细矿渣微粉、高钙粉煤灰、低钙粉煤灰的顺序降低,将磨细矿渣微粉或高钙粉煤灰与低钙粉煤灰复合,可以克服低钙粉煤灰大掺量取代水泥时混凝土早期强度降低的缺陷,这是提高低钙粉煤灰在高强高性能混凝土中掺量的一个有效措施.     

铜渣粉作为混凝土掺合料的研究进展

铜渣是铜冶炼和精炼过程的副产物,以每产1 t铜副产2.2 t铜渣计算,2017年全球铜渣排放量达到了5 170万t。但目前的铜渣处理仍以堆放为主,不仅占用了大量土地,重金属成分对堆放地也造成了严重的环境污染。铜渣,特别是水淬铜渣中含有较多的玻璃体,用作混凝土掺合料可以替代粉煤灰和矿渣,解决某些地区掺合料紧缺的状况。本文归纳总结了铜渣粉对混凝土工作性、力学性能和耐久性的影响,分析了铜渣作为掺合料使用时的环境安全性,提出了铜渣作为掺合料使用应注意的问题,为铜渣粉在混凝土行业中规模化应用提供了参考。 近年的研究成果表明,水淬铜渣中的玻璃体含量高、活性更好,而缓冷铜渣的玻璃体含量虽低,但仍有一定的活性。由于存在活性低和重金属成分高的问题,铜渣粉对混凝土工作性、力学性能和耐久性的影响比矿渣、粉煤灰等常见掺合料复杂得多,阻碍了铜渣粉作为掺合料在混凝土中的应用。 虽然存在不同观点,但多数研究成果表明铜渣粉可起到降低放热量、改善工作性及减少用水量的作用,同时也会产生泌水率增加的问题。由于活性偏低、重金属成分较高,铜渣粉的缓凝作用明显,不过大掺量使用所引起的凝结时间延长问题在多数研究中是可控的。铜渣粉导致混凝土早期强度不足,可通过添加激发剂、提高细度、降低水灰比等方式予以缓解和控制。铜渣粉对混凝土强度的负面影响会随龄期延长逐渐减轻,甚至在一段时间后对强度有利。此外,铜渣粉还能提高混凝土弹性模量并减少收缩,对抗断裂性能也无明显不利影响。但以不同指标评价混凝土脆性时,铜渣粉的作用还存在较大的争议。由于可促使毛细孔隙等有害孔隙数量减少,铜渣粉可使混凝土的吸水速率和吸水量降低,从而使耐久性等级有所改善。除优化孔隙结构外,铜渣粉与Ca(OH)₂反应生成C-S-H凝胶,可改善过渡区,提高混凝土抗碳化、抗氯离子渗透性和抗硫酸盐侵蚀的能力。     

Utilization of ceramic waste as fine aggregate within Portland cement and fly ash concretes

The aim of this research work was to investigate the feasibility of using ceramic waste and fly ash to produce mortar and concrete. Ceramic waste fragments obtained from local industry were crushed and sieved to produce fine aggregates. The measured concrete properties demonstrate that while workability was reduced with increasing ceramic waste content for Portland cement concrete and fly ash concrete, the workability of the fly ash concrete with 100% ceramic waste as fine aggregate remained sufficient, in contrast to the Portland cement control concrete with 100% ceramic waste where close to zero slump was measured. The compressive strength of ceramic waste concrete was found to increase with ceramic waste content and was optimum at 50% for the control concrete, dropping when the ceramic waste content was increased beyond 50%. This was a direct consequence of having a less workable concrete. However, the compressive strength in the fly ash concrete increased with increasing ceramic waste content up to 100%. The benefits of using ceramic waste as fine aggregate in concrete containing fly ash were therefore verified.     

脱硫石膏对大掺量粉煤灰-矿渣粉干混砂浆性能的影响

针对大掺量粉煤灰、矿渣粉导致干混砂浆早期强度和后期强度较低的问题,研究脱硫石膏对该干混砂浆性能的影响;采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及孔结构分析等手段进行微观机理讨论。结果表明,在大掺量粉煤灰矿粉干混砂浆中掺加占胶凝材料总质量6%～8%的脱硫石膏,对和易性无不良影响,并可显著提高浆体的抗压强度及拉伸粘结强度,收缩率降低10%以上,并改善抗碳化能力,使砂浆体积更稳定;脱硫石膏对粉煤灰及矿渣粉起到激发硫酸盐和碱性的双重作用,并在一定程度上促进水泥水化;胶凝材料的水化产物改善砂浆浆体内部结构,使砂浆浆体中的孔隙大大减少。     

Effect of magnetic field treated water on mortar and concrete containing fly ash

This research investigates the workability and compressive strength of mortar and concrete, which were mixed with magnetic field treated water (MFTW) and contained fly ash. MFTW was obtained by passing tap water through a magnetic field. Test variables included the magnetic strength of water, fly ash content in place of cement, water-to-cementitious material ratio (W/CM) and curing age.Results show that the compressive strength of mortar samples mixed with MFTW is higher than those prepared with tap water. The best compressive strength increase of concrete is achieved when the magnetic strength of treated water is of 0.8 and 1.2 T. The compressive strength increase of concrete prepared with MFTW is more significant at early age.     

Behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular columns incorporating fly ash

The subject of this work is to investigate the effect of fly ash on the strength of concrete filled steel tubular columns from 28 to 365 days. A contrast study was carried out on concrete filled steel tubular columns incorporating 10–40 wt% fly ash, and for control Portland cement concrete filled steel tubular columns. The effect of pre-coating the inner surface of steel tubes with a thin layer of fly ash was also studied. Assessments of the concrete mixes were based on the compressive strength and the bond strength. The results show that a lower replacement with fly ash can improve both bond strength and compressive strength, while a higher replacement with fly ash requires a relatively longer time to achieve similar beneficial effects. Pre-coating the inner surface of steel tubes with a thin layer of fly ash can notably improve the bond strength. The microstructure of the interface between concrete and steel tube was also studied by using scanning electron microscopy analyzer.     

无粘结预应力高性能粉煤灰混凝土桥梁收缩与徐变变形试验研究

结合洛湛线的建设,以8根不同掺量的高性能粉煤灰混凝土无粘结预应力桥梁的收缩、徐变试验为基础,研究了不同掺量高性能粉煤灰混凝土在荷载长期作用下收缩、徐变性能及其上拱随时间的变化规律,探讨了温度、湿度等环境因素对不同掺量高性能粉煤灰混凝土收缩、徐变的影响。300多天的实验观测结果表明:高性能粉煤灰掺量20%～40%混凝土梁不但具有良好的工作性能和力学性能,而且长期性能良好,与同强度的未掺高性能粉煤灰的梁相比,其后期强度和抗压弹性模量增大,收缩徐变减小,具有良好的社会和经济效益。