SDS对石墨-H_2O分散液稳定性的影响

石墨的分散是制备水性石墨导电涂料的关键技术,本文选用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为分散剂,制备了稳定性能较好的石墨-H2O分散液。通过测定石墨-H2O分散液的吸光度和Zeta电位,探讨了不同SDS添加量、pH值对石墨-H2O分散液稳定性的影响,并分析了作用机理。结果表明:SDS的添加量存在一个最佳值,以石墨质量为基准,SDS用量为3.5%时,分散液稳定性最好;分散液受pH值影响较大,pH值的增大促进了石墨表面酸性基团的离解并使SDS分子充分伸展,增大了石墨粒子间的静电斥力,分散液的稳定性增强;该体系中,主要通过静电斥力使石墨粒子稳定,Zeta电位绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系,Zeta电位绝对值越高,吸光度越大,分散液稳定性越好;石墨-H2O分散液的粒径分布及粘度曲线表明,加入SDS使石墨粒子在水中达到良好的分散。     

氧化铝-水纳米流体的制备及其分散性研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子,研制了一种新型传热冷却工质Al2O3-H2O纳米流体,给出的纳米流体沉降照片和粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性.同时还测定了纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液的zeta电位和吸光度,探讨了不同pH值和SDBS分散剂加入量对纳米氧化铝粉体在水相体系分散稳定性的影响.结果表明:zeta电位的绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系,zeta电位绝对值越高,吸光度越大,粉体体系的分散性能越好;pH值约在8.0时,溶液的zeta电位绝对值较高,吸光度较大,说明此时有较好的分散效果;SDBS能显著提高水溶液中Al2O3表面zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒问静电排斥力,改善了悬浮液稳定性.在0.1%纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液中,SDBS分散剂最佳加入量(质量分数)为0.10%时,能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系.     

非离子表面活性剂对石墨-H_2O分散液稳定性的影响

选用非离子表面活性剂(TX-100)作为分散剂,制备了稳定性较好的石墨-H2O分散液.通过测定石墨-H2O分散液的吸光度和Zeta电位,探讨了不同TX-100添加量、pH值、电解质对石墨-H2O分散液稳定性的影响,并分析了作用机理.结果表明,TX-100的添加量存在一个最佳值,以石墨质量为基准,TX-100用量为25%时,分散液稳定性最好;分散液受pH值影响较小,在较宽的pH值范围内都能达到稳定,在pH=3的强酸性环境下,由于电荷中和及分散剂吸附状态的变化导致分散液稳定性下降;电解质的加入严重破坏了体系稳定性;该体系中,主要通过空间斥力使石墨粒子稳定,同时静电斥力也是不可忽略的因素;石墨-H2O分散液的粒径分布及粘度曲线表明,石墨粒子在水中达到良好的分散.     

氧化铝-水纳米流体的分散性研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子，研制了一种新型传热冷却工质-氧化铝-水纳米流体，给出的纳米流体沉降照片和粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性．同时还测定了纳米Al2O3-水悬浮液的zeta电位和吸光度，探讨了不同pH值和SDBS分散剂加入量对纳米氧化铝粉体在水相体系分散稳定性的影响。结果表明：zeta电位的绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系，zeta电位绝对值越高，吸光度越大，粉体体系的分散性能越好；pH值约在8.0时，溶液的zeta电位绝对值较高，吸光度较大，说明此时有较好的分散效果．SDBS能显著提高水溶液中舢203表面zeta电位绝对值，增大了颗粒间静电排斥力，改善了悬浮液稳定性。在0．1％纳米Al2O3-水悬浮液中，SDBS分散剂最佳加入量（质量分数）为0．10％时，能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系。     

分散剂对石墨水悬浮液分散性能的影响

通过测定分散体系的吸光度,探讨不同浓度的各种分散剂对石墨水悬浮液分散性能的影响,其中添加含有阴离子型、非离子型和高分子表面活性剂的三种复配分散剂(SGDF1、SGDF2、SGDF3)的石墨水悬浮液分散效果较好。进一步研究在复配分散剂存在下,pH值、静置时间对石墨水悬浮液性能的影响。结果表明,当pH值大于7后,石墨水悬浮液的分散能力维持在较高水平,pH值为9时,Zeta电位绝对值最高,吸光度最大,分散体系稳定性最好。添加分散剂的石墨较未添加分散剂的石墨聚集程度明显减弱,分散性能变好。其中添加SGDF3的石墨水悬浮液的石墨的聚集程度最小,分散稳定最佳。     

Cu-水纳米流体的分散行为及导热性能研究

通过测定Cu-水纳米悬浮液的Zeta电位和吸光度,采用Hotdisk热物性分析仪测量了其导热系数,探讨了不同pH值和分散剂浓度对Cu-水纳米悬浮液分散稳定性和导热性能的影响.结果表明,pH值和分散剂加入量是影响Cu-水纳米悬浮液分散稳定和导热系数的重要因素.最优化的pH值和分散剂加入量能显著提高水溶液中Cu表面Zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒间静电排斥力,悬浮液分散稳定性较好,导热系数较高.从分散稳定和导热系数提高两个方面来考虑,pH=9.5左右被选为最优化值,在0.1%Cu-H2O纳米流体中,0.07%SDBS被选为最优化浓度.另外,Cu-水纳米流体的导热系数随纳米粒子质量分数的增大而增大,呈非线性关系,且比现有理论(Hamilton-Crosser模型)预测值大.     

纳米Al2O3在水相体系中的分散稳定性研究

主要研究了pH值、分散剂（SDBS、CTAB、GA）种类和分散剂的浓度对纳米Al2O3在水相体系中进行分散时的影响。实验结果表明：pH值在8左右，SDBS、GA作为分散剂时，纳米Al2O3悬浮液的Zeta电位绝对值较大，粒径较小；在pH值为2～3，CTAB作为分散剂时，Al2O3纳米悬浮液的Zeta电位绝对值较大，粒径较小。比较3种分散剂的分散效果，其中在pH为8左右，SDBS作为分散荆时，纳米氧化铝悬浮液的Zeta电位绝对值最大，粒径最小。在此基础上又讨论了最佳分散剂SDBS的浓度对纳米氧化铝悬浮液的影响，当SDBS分散剂的浓度为0.055％左右时，纳米Al2O3在水相体系中稳定分散性较好。     

纳米铜粉在无水乙醇中的分散稳定性

为了实现纳米颗粒的分级,研究影响纳米铜粉在无水乙醇中分散稳定性的因素。通过测定纳米铜粉分散在无水乙醇中形成的悬浮液的Zeta电位和吸光度,探讨悬浮液中分散剂的加入量和pH值对纳米Cu粉末在无水乙醇中的分散稳定性的影响。结果表明:当质量分数为0.01%的纳米铜粉分散在无水乙醇中,当分散剂加入量为0.008%(质量分数)时,分散稳定性最好。在此条件下,调节pH将降低其分散稳定性。     

钛白粉表面处理前的分散性研究

钛白粉表面处理前在水中的分散性非常重要。通过沉降实验、吸光度实验和Zeta电位实验,研究了钛白粉粗品在水介质中的分散行为。考察了pH值、分散剂种类及加入量对钛白粉粗品在水中的分散稳定性的影响。实验结果证明,在pH值为9～10,加入钛白粉质量0.4%的六偏磷酸钠作为分散剂时,分散性最好。     

羧甲基纤维素-Fe_3O_4复合纳米磁性材料的制备及其渗透性能

采用改进的氧化沉淀法在羧甲基纤维素(CMC)溶液中制备了以磁性纳米Fe3O4为核心,外包CMC的复合磁性纳米粒子。用透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、Zeta电位和震动样品磁强计对复合粒子进行了表面形貌、结构和磁学的表征。实验结果表明,CMC-Fe3O4复合纳米粒子为反尖晶石型,平均粒径约为40 nm;CMC在Fe3O4粒子表面是化学吸附;在相同pH值下,CMC-Fe3O4的表面Zeta电位低于纯相Fe3O4;CMC-Fe3O4的饱和磁化强度为36.74 emu.g-1;CMC-Fe3O4复合粒子在土壤介质中的过滤系数约为0.03 cm-1;在10 cm土柱渗透实验中,72%的CMC-Fe3O4复合粒子悬浊液穿过了土壤介质。     

A novel approach of developing micro crystalline cellulose reinforced cementitious composites with enhanced microstructure and mechanical performance

This paper reports a novel approach of preparing aqueous suspensions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) for fabrication of cementitious composites. MCC was dispersed homogeneously in water using Pluronic F-127 as a surfactant with the help of ultrasonication process and the aqueous suspensions were added to cement/sand mixture to prepare cementitious composites. A commonly used stabilizing agent for MCC, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) was also used for the comparison purpose. The prepared suspensions were characterized through visual inspection, UV-Vis spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The developed composites were characterized for their bulk density, flexural and compressive properties as well as microstructure. The influence of Pluronic and CMC concentration, superplasticizer, dispersion technique and dispersion temperature on mortar's mechanical performance was thoroughly studied to find out the optimum conditions. Overall, Pluronic (with Pluronic: MCC ratio of 1:5) led to better MCC dispersion as well as dispersion stability as compared to CMC. The best mechanical performance was achieved with Pluronic in combination with superplasticizer using ultrasonication process, resulting in improvement of 106%, 31% and 66% in flexural modulus, flexural strength and compressive strengths, respectively (highest values reported till date). The bulk density and hydration of cementitious composites also improved significantly with the addition of MCC.     

Influence of reduced graphene oxide on mechanical behaviors of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/reduced graphene oxide (NaCMC/rGO) nanocomposite films were prepared by a simple solution mixing-evaporation method. The NaCMC/rGO nanocomposite films were characterized and compared with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide (NaCMC/GO) nanocomposite films. The stability of the rGO dispersion, and the structural and mechanical properties of the composite films were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and using a universal testing machine (UTM). The results revealed that CMC and rGO were able to form a homogenous mixture. Compared with pure CMC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the CMC/rGO nanocomposite films were considerably enhanced (by 72.52% and 131.79%, respectively) upon incorporation of 2 wt% rGO.     

羧甲基纤维素对多壁碳纳米管导电墨水性能的影响

传统中性墨水多用丙烯酸树脂做增稠剂,且不具备导电能力,因此将羧甲基纤维素(CMC)与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)混合,使制备墨水书写后具备导电能力。采用超声制得CMC-MWCNT导电墨水,通过中性笔书写于纸上,对制备导电墨水的稳定性能、流变性能、书写性能和书写字迹的耐腐蚀性能、导电性能、折叠稳定性能进行分析,并与市场上晨光中性笔墨水(CG)进行对比。当添加CMC为0.3wt%、0.6wt%时,导电墨水的Zeta电位、屈服应力、屈服黏度均较低,书写时出现漏墨,书写后电阻较小,但折叠一百次后电阻增大较多,分别增大32.3%、17.9%。当添加CMC为0.9wt%、1.2wt%、1.5wt%时,导电墨水的Zeta电位绝对值均大于30 mV,体系处于稳定态;屈服应力与屈服黏度随CMC添加量增大而增大;CMC为0.9wt%和1.2wt%的导电墨水书写正常,书写后电阻分别为14.9 kΩ/cm、15.6 kΩ/cm,折叠100次后电阻分别增大8.7%、7.8%;1.5wt%CMC的导电墨水书写时有断墨,书写后电阻为28.3 kΩ/cm,折叠100次后电阻增大9.5%。与CG相比,1.2wt%CMC的导电墨水具有相似的稳定性能、流变性能、书写性能,并具备导电能力,可点亮LED灯。      

Investigations of the properties of the manganese dioxide suspensions in the presence of guar gum and carboxymethylcellulose

Properties of manganese dioxide suspensions in the presence of two polysaccharides: non-ionic guar gum (GG) and anionic carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were investigated using NaCl as a background electrolyte. The colloidal stability of MnO₂ suspensions in the presence and absence of these two polymers was measured. It was found that both polymers improve stability of measured suspensions. This fact results from steric stabilization (low polymer concentrations) and depletion stabilization (high polymer concentrations) for MnO₂ particles covered with macromolecules. Next the kinetics of the adsorption of these two polymers on MnO₂ as well as the heats of GG and CMC adsorption processes were measured. The obtained data proved that CMC is adsorbed more effectively on the manganese dioxide surface than guar gum. To obtain more information about the changes of adsorption of these polymers on MnO₂ some factors influencing this process (pH, ionic strength of the background electrolyte) were investigated. The data obtained from the surface charge density and the zeta potential measurements allowed the analysis of the structure of the electric double layer created by polymers on the solid surface.     

Detecting lamb waves with broadband acousto-ultrasonic signals in composite structures

Lamb waves can be produced and detected in ceramic matrix composites (CMC) and metal matrix composites (MMC) plates using the acousto-ultrasonic configuration employing broadband transducers. Experimental dispersion curves of lowest symmetric and lowest antisymmetric modes behave in a manner analogous to the graphite/polymer theoretical curves. In this study a basis has been established for analyzing Lamb wave velocities for characterizing composite plates. Lamb wave dispersion curves and group velocities were correlated with variations in axial stiffness and shear stiffness in MMC and CMC. For CMCs, interfacial shear strength was also correlated with the first antisymmetric Lamb mode.     

羧甲基纤维素增强膜的制备及性能

目的为了获得一种可用于食品包装的羧甲基纤维素增强膜。方法以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为成膜基底,甘油为增塑剂,分别将质量分数为1%,3%,5%和10%的纳米纤维素(NCC)添加到CMC中,共混流延制备羧甲基纤维素增强膜(CMC-NCC)。结果 NCC的加入,提高了CMC的力学性能和对水蒸气的阻隔性能,还提高了CMC的热性能。FT-IR分析结果表明,CMC与NCC两者间形成了分子间氢键;XRD分析结果表明,NCC可以改变CMC的结晶排列。当添加质量分数为5%的NCC时,CMC-NCC的拉伸强度比纯CMC膜提高了25.6%,断裂伸长率降低了21.3%,透湿量降低了9%,热稳定性提高了2%,透光率维持在87%以上。结论 CMC增强膜具有力学性能高、阻湿性能好等优点,NCC提高了CMC的成膜品质。     

Adsorption properties of crosslinked carboxymethyl-chitosan resin with Pb(II) as template ions

In the current study, we attempt to find a new adsorbent material based on chitosan to improve adsorption selectivity for heavy metals, so that the crosslinked N,O-carboxymethyl-chitosan resin with Pb(II) as template ions (crosslinked CMC template) were synthesized by using CMC adsorbed Pb(II) ions crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The effects on adsorption capacities such as amount of crosslinking agent, degree of substitution of CMC, pH value of the initial solution and adsorption time were investigated. The adsorption experiments demonstrated the crosslinked CMC template has high adsorption selectivity for Pb(II) ions in solution containing single metal ions or coexistence of three metals ions of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II). Furthermore, it was investigated that the crosslinked CMC template has a good reusability and stability as compared to CMC. Finally, we studied the adsorption mechanism by FTIR spectra and XPS analysis. The results reveal that the adsorption of crosslinked CMC template and CMC for Pb(II) is a chelation process.     

分散剂对氧化铝悬浮液分散稳定性的影响

研究了柠檬酸、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸钠和六偏磷酸钠等对Al2O3粉体表面电性能以及浆体分散稳定性的影响。结果表明,加入适量的六偏磷酸钠和聚丙烯酸钠可有效地提高浆体的分散稳定性。浆体中加入柠檬酸和聚丙烯酸钠后,氧化铝表面因特征吸附阴离子而使表面电位变负,等电点降低;而聚乙烯醇的加入,由于高分子链向体相中伸展,使剪切面向外移动更大的距离,从而使Zeta电位降低,并使等电点发生微小偏移。