全息打印技术研究进展

全息打印技术可以实现场景的真三维显示,根据干涉纹样的不同来源及不同记录方式,可将其归类为合成全息体视图打印、计算全息图打印与全息波前打印。合成全息体视图打印无法准确记录三维场景的深度信息,因而全息图再现时存在会聚-调节矛盾;计算全息图打印能够准确记录与再现场景的深度信息,继而解决会聚-调节矛盾,然而仅能得到薄的透射型全息图,因而无法实现白光再现;全息波前打印既可以解决会聚-调节矛盾,又可以得到厚的反射型全息图,实现具有良好观察效果的白光再现。首先介绍了各类全息打印技术的基本原理,着重分析了各自的研究现状,然后讨论了它们的优缺点,以说明各类全息打印技术的特性。     

利用多光源实现全息照片的场景扩展

为了获得较大场景的伞息照片,采用了多组同类廉价激光器同时照射被摄物和全息干板,单次记录或多重记录全息图的方法.克服了由于受到激光器功率和激光光源相干长度的制约而引起的高的拍摄费用.经过实验,能获得拍摄场景达125°、清晰的全息照片.     

一种计算全息图真彩色显示的方法

为使用简单集成的光学系统完成高质量的真彩色全息显示,提出一种白光再现单幅计算全息图实现真彩色显示的方法。首先利用计算机图形学对彩色场景进行红绿蓝分色处理,采用博奇编码方式对处在同一位置处的不同颜色场景信息分别进行记录,制作3幅菲涅尔全息图。然后,基于三基色彩色显示的原理和全息图的记录再现特性,将3幅编码图按特殊结构合成一幅全息图进行再现。最后设计一个具有像素结构的滤光片,即可实现白光LED真彩色全息显示。通过实验,验证了本文方法的可行性。     

多光源分区照明实现全息照片的景深扩展

为了获得较大景深的全息照片,采用了多组同类激光器分区照明被拍摄物体和全息干板,单次记录或多重记录全息图的方法。克服了由于受到激光器功率和激光光源相干长度的制约而引起的高的拍摄费用。经过实验,能获得景深达120cm以上的、清晰的全息照片。     

水下气泡场探测全息图的数字再现技术

针对水下环境,探讨了数字全息术和图像处理技术在水下气泡场全息图的再现、识别和提取中的应用。首先完成数字全息记录及重现程序的编写并拍摄水下气泡场全息图,对全息图进行去噪处理,然后对处理过的全息图进行再现,利用边缘检测技术识别气泡并计算气泡大小,用邻域再现法统计出全息图中的气泡数目,实验证明这一方案切实可行。     

合成孔径数字全息的记录、再现及实现

介绍了合成孔径数字全息记录和再现的基本原理，提出了相应的实现方法和技术方案。特别对合成孔径数字全息再现中的两类方法：用单参考光记录的子全息图数字再现光场复振幅叠加或强度叠加，以及用多参考光记录的子全息图数字再现光场复振幅叠加或强度叠加方法进行了详细理论分析和实验研究。结果表明，合成孔径技术是一种提高数字全息再现像的分辨率的有效方法。与传统的子全息图直接拼接的合成孔径数字全息再现方法相比，用子数字全息图再现光场复振幅叠加或强度叠加两种再现方法均可实现合成孔径数字全息的再现，并可显著提高再现像的分辨率，但强度叠加方法的记录和再现难度远小于前者。在实际中可以根据解决问题的要求和子数字全息图的记录情况选用。     

利用传统全息片实现合成孔径数字全息的研究

分析了传统全息片的微观结构,介绍了细光束成像和合成孔径数字全息记录、再现的基本原理,研究了利用传统方法拍摄的散射物体透射式、振幅型全息片实现合成孔径数字全息的方法,给出了实验结果。理论分析和实验结果表明,利用传统透射式、振幅型全息片,通过光学显微镜放大制作子数字全息图和合成孔径数字全息图,经计算机处理是可以得到完整再现像的,其性质与细激光束照射成像一致。用子全息图再现像的复振幅叠加方法和采用子全息图再现像的强度叠加方法均可实现合成孔径数字全息图的再现,且强度叠加方法的视觉效果要好些,但它们对缩小再现像中散斑的尺寸没有帮助。用子全息图拼接成的合成孔径全息图得到的再现像效果最好,可以缩小再现像中散斑的尺寸,信噪比、分辨率均有提高。要得到更好的再现像,需要用更多的子数字全息图拼接成尺寸更大的合成孔径数字全息图。     

离轴数字全息零级像和共轭像的消除方法

为了提高离轴数字全息图的再现像质量,提出了一种消除离轴数字全息零级像和共轭像的方法。该方法通过对参考光进行一次π相移、记录两幅全息图,对两幅全息图作差后进行傅里叶变换,结合频谱滤波的方法用矩形窗函数从中滤出包含有物光波频率成分的频谱,然后对其进行数字再现。结果表明,在零级像和±1级像有重叠的情况下,该方法能有效地消除零级像和共轭像的干扰,有效提高再现像质量。     

CCD和电寻址液晶在全息位移测量中的应用

将CCD与电寻址液晶(EALCD)相结合,CCD作为记录介质,用于全息图和全息再现像的记录,EALCD则代替传统光学全息中曝光后的全息干板,用于数字全息图的再现。这种方法不仅避免了传统全息记录材料显影、定影等过程,也避免了全息材料非线性记录等缺点,并可以实现普通的数字全息较难实现的基于相位移法的位移测试。利用双曝光数字全息干涉法,在实验中对反射式被测物体生成的菲涅耳全息图进行了光学再现,并得到了准确的数据,验证了该方法的实用性。实验结果表明,CCD与EALCD相结合,可以实现数字全息图的光学再现,通过获得的干涉条纹,可精确测定物体位移量。     

BB-520型全息介质的线性处理技术和工艺研究

全息介质的线性处理对全息图的记录和再现有直接影响 ,通过对曝光量、处理液温度、处理液浓度等对记录介质黑密度影响的研究 ,形成了相对稳定的BB -5 2 0型全息记录介质的线性处理工艺 ,该处理工艺在动态粒子场的全息测试中得到了较好的应用。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks