SIP电话的NAT穿越技术研究

Ip网络中网络地址转换器(NAT)的存在给基于会话初始协议(SIP)的IP电话(SIP电话)的大规模应用造成了较大困难,为解决SIP电话的NAT穿越问题,分析了完全圆锥型、地址受限圆锥型、端口受限圆锥型、对称型等NAT的特点,比较了应用层网关、基于用户数据报协议(UDP)的NAT简单穿越、采用中继的NAT穿越、会话边界控制器等各种NAT穿越技术的优缺点.以一典型的SIP电话系统为例,针对其应用需求,提出了一种NAT穿越方案,并给出了通信流程.该NAT穿越方案特别适合于对网络结构无限制,网络设备不改造的应用环境.     

基于SIP Trunk网关穿越NAT的研究

NAT技术的应用和发展对于缓解IP地址紧张的问题有着重要的意义,但NAT技术有着一定的局限性,其不能够支持基于SIP协议的音视频穿越,如何解决SIP穿越NAT问题至关重要。文章提出了SIP Trunk网关技术,并探讨了SIP Trunk网关穿越NAT的具体实现方案,旨在为相关研究提供参考。     

SIP穿越NAT

众多私有网络和地址转换技术(NAT)的存在,给使用会话初始协议(SIP)实现端到端的通信造成了困难.文中对NAT技术和SIP技术、SIP信令及媒体流穿越NAT的技术进行了描述.     

一种SIP穿越NAT的新方法

NAT使得SIP端到端的通信变得非常困难,文章分析了几种SIP穿越NAT方法及其不足,提出了一种基于最短路径的NAT穿越方法SPNT(Shortest Path for NAT Traversal).其基本思想是根据SIP终端和代理服务器之间的信令交互,判断终端所在网络的NAT类型,代理服务器对不同的NAT类型采用不同的方式实现SIP信令穿越,而媒体流的穿越则通过终端进行媒体地址的连通性检测,使终端之间能够动态的建立最短的媒体数据连接.该方法在不改变现有NAT的情况下,在应用层实现了对所有NAT的有效穿越,避免了单独使用某一方法而带来的缺陷.     

NAT穿越在SIP中的实现

SIP协议是IETF定义的IP多媒体通信控制协议,也是下一代网络(NGN)的核心控制协议。而众多私有网络地址和地址转换技术(NAT)的存在,给SIP端到端通信造成了困难。本文先介绍了NAT类型,然后针对不同类型的NAT,阐述了SIP信令和媒体流实现NAT穿越的解决方案。     

UPnP在多媒体通信穿越FW/NAT中的应用

本文首先分析了多媒体通信面临的FW／NAT(firewall／network address translation,防火墙和地址转换)穿越问题,然后对UPnP技术进行了介绍,包括其基本概念、网络组成、协议栈和工作原理等内容。文中还介绍了UPnP对因特网接入网关的支持,分析了UPnP穿越FW／NNT的原理。最后以SIP为例研究了UPnP在多媒体通信穿越FW／NAT中的应用,提出了SIP穿越FW／NAT的解决方案。     

SIP应用层网关探讨及设计

基于SIP协议构建的网络如智能家居在进行私网和公网间通信时,由于SIP协议由于本身具有的特点.导致了基于SIP构建的私网穿透NAT/FW的难题 .通过分析SIP协议特点,本文提出利用"应用层网关(ALG)"方法来实现SIP网络穿透NAT/FW.文中详细的介绍了SIP应用层网关的原理和实现方法,并利用SIP应用层网关技术实现SIP对NAT/Firewall的穿越.     

搭建B2B SBC实现IMS信令穿越双层防火墙的研究

1 引言 搭建受保护的局域网通常采用以下两种方式：（1）利用防火墙本身提供的NAT功能;（2）在防火墙后部署专用NAT服务器。无论采用哪种方式,均只完成OSI协议中网络层的IP地址转换,即只修改IP包包头部分的IP地址,不会处理包体携带的数据。因此,对于采用基于SIP实现的IMS架构,在进行需要穿越NAT的VoIP通信时,由于SIP信令位于IP包包体内,上述转换方法无法转换SIP包携带的IP地址,     

SIP信令与媒体流穿透NAT的实现

从会话初始化协议(SIP)消息的特点出发.基于网络地址转换(NAT)和防火墙自身的角度考虑,提出了一种无需扩展SIP协议的应用层解决方案.该方案通过引入UDP对NAT的简单穿透(STUN)协议,获得IP地址和端口的映射绑定关系,修改SIP和会话描述协议(SDP)消息中的内容来保证通信连接,从而实现了对NAT的穿透.     

针对SIP私网穿越的RSIP解决方案

公网地址短缺是网络通信中普遍存在的一个问题.结合SIP系统的特点,分析了采用特定域IP(RSIP)协议技术实现私网穿越的解决方案,并介绍了RSIP工作机制及对应用层SIP消息中路由地址和IP层报头地址翻译的原理.     

Behavior and classification of NAT devices and implications for NAT traversal

For a long time, traditional client-server communication was the predominant communication paradigm of the Internet. Network address translation devices emerged to help with the limited availability of IP addresses and were designed with the hypothesis of asymmetric connection establishment in mind. But with the growing success of peer-to-peer applications, this assumption is no longer true. Consequently network address translation traversal became a field of intensive research and standardization for enabling efficient operation of new services. This article provides a comprehensive overview of NAT and introduces established NAT traversal techniques. A new categorization of applications into four NAT traversal service categories helps to determine applicable techniques for NAT traversal. The interactive connectivity establishment framework is categorized, and a new framework is introduced that addresses scenarios that are not supported by ICE. Current results from a field test on NAT behavior and the success ratio of NAT traversal techniques support the feasibility of this classification.     

TCP穿越NAT的原理与实现方法

网络地址翻译(NAT)设备的应用很好地解决了IPv4地址不足的问题,但同时也给端到端的连接带来了障碍。目前,对于UDP通信穿越NAT已经有了一些通用的、有效的解决方法,但对于TCP端到端通信,NAT穿越技术还需继续研究。本文给出了一种较为简单有效的TCP穿越NAT的方法。该方法可以完成市场上主流NAT设备的TCP穿越。     

基于端口预测的P2PNAT穿越方法的改进

Network Address Translation（NAT）技术能够解决公网IP地址紧缺问题,保证网络安全,但它也影响了对等联网的直接通信。丈中论述了NAT的穿越特性,分析目前已有的P2PTCP穿越NAT技术,提出了一种P_P2PNAT穿越方法。通过端口预测方法实现对称型网络地址转换的穿越。实验验证了该方法的正确性,保证了Symmetric NAT之间的成功穿越。     

用UPNP技术实现NAT内网穿透

由于有限的IP地址,在现在网络通信中,不可避免会涉及到NAT穿透的问题。基于现在小型网络比较热门的UPNP穿透技术,介绍了UPNP穿透的原理,详细分析了UPNP穿透的实现步骤。经测试,该方案不仅功能完备、性能稳定,而且不需升级现有NAT设备,可扩展性好     

RCS大订阅失败分析及NAT穿越技术

通过对基于TCP的RCS通信失败的分析,介绍了多种NAT的穿越方法,并结合实例提供了解决NAT穿越失败的思路和方法。     

SIP-based enterprise converged networks for voice/video-over-IP: implementation and evaluation of components

The next generation of enterprise networks is undergoing major changes as a plethora of new architectures, applications, and services begin to roll out within businesses. In general, the world of voice/telephony, video, and data are "converging" into a global communications network. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the design, analysis, and performance of a session initiation protocol (SIP)-based videoconferencing desktop client, which has been developed and deployed over Internet2, is presented. Second, a guideline for managing SIP-based services to be deployed within enterprises, which addresses several challenges in each layer, such as network address translator (NAT)/FW issues, directory service integration issues, and interoperability issues, is proposed. Several detailed experimental results related to interoperability and conformance that were carried out are presented. Findings of extensive SIP/NAT traversal analysis through network traffic measurements are reported. The lessons learned from both the design of a new SIP-based voice/video client, as well as management challenges with enterprise deployment are highlighted.     

VoIP系统中NAT穿越技术的研究与实现

基于会话初始化协议（SIP）的VoIP系统在Internet上已经取得了广泛应用,但在目前的实际网络环境中,由于大量NAT设备的存在,使对等网络（P2P,Peer to Peer）之间的呼叫和数据通信难以实现。分析了四种NAT的类型特点,介绍了现有的NAT穿越方法,提出了一种基于STUN与TURN方式相结合的实现各种NAT穿越的VoIP系统设计方案。该方案对SIP信令采用可靠的TCP传输方式,对流媒体数据采取最大交付的UDP传输方式。经过校园网内部之间的网络环境测试,该方案达到了很好的接通率。     

NAT Issues in the Remote Management of Home Network Devices

Currently, many customer devices are being connected to home networks. For this reason, it is expected that device management capabilities will be a powerful instrument for the service provider to cope with high maintenance costs, security concerns, and management issues related to home networks. Through DM, the service provider could provide valuable services such as auto-provisioning, remote configuration, firmware and software updates, diagnostics, monitoring, scheduling, and fraud management. However, network address translators that are widely deployed in the home network environment prohibit DM operations from reaching user devices behind the NAT. In this article, we focus on NAT issues in the management of home network devices. Specifically, we discuss efforts relating to standardization and present our proposal to deploy DM services for VoIP and IPTV devices behind NATs. By slightly changing the behavior of Simple Network Management Protocol managers and agents and by defining additional management objects (MOs) to gather NAT binding information, we could solve the NAT traversal problem under a symmetric NAT. Moreover, we propose an enhanced method to search for the UDP hole binding time of the NAT box. For evaluation, we applied our method to 22 randomly selected VoIP devices out of 194 NATed hosts in the real broadband network and achieved a success ratio of 99 percent for exchanging SNMP request messages and a 26 percent enhancement in determining the UDP hole binding time.     

Peer-to-peer streaming for networked consumer electronics [Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming]

Applications such as multimedia communications and entertainment make media streaming a key feature for peer-to-peer (P2P) technology embedded in networked consumer electronics. In this article, we discuss some key issues that are relevant to enabling peer-to-peer streaming in networked consumer electronics and address possible technical solutions to the issues of interoperability, NAT/firewall traversal, and codec inflexibility. We also address how to improve overall system performance by introducing a notion of node coordinates into the discovery of services on a P2P network and confirm the effectiveness of our approach using simulation. We conclude with a discussion of our prototype CE-oriented P2P streaming system.