复杂机械产品设计系统与设计能力关系模型

针对支持正向设计的设计系统与企业设计能力关系问题,结合设计资源类型及集成技术成熟度方法创新性,提出设计能力衡量指标及其算法.设计能力衡量指标由设计流程完整率、设计工具完整率、设计准则完整率和设计数据使用率4项指标组成,设计流程完整率通过设计流程占当前整理的设计流程总数的比例获得,设计工具完整率通过设计工具占当年整理的流程任务节点所需工具总数的比例获得,设计准则完整率通过设计遵循的设计准则所占当年整理的设计活动所需准则总数的比例获得,设计数据使用率用非结构化数据使用率来表示.采用灰色关联和模糊综合评价改进模型求出设计能力衡量指标的准则权重,考虑到延时因素对设计系统与设计能力交互关系的影响,以logistic方程为基础构建考虑延时的设计系统与设计能力作用模型,为企业的设计系统应用决策和设计能力提升提供依据和方法.     

浅析工业设计的研究领域

正工业设计是科技与艺术的结合,是通过对产品、人、社会和环境的深入研究,结合相应的设计手段将抽象的意念转化为理想的产品和服务。随着时代的发展、技术的进步,工业设计的研究领域不断变化。如今经济全球化,信息化时代的来临赋予了工业设计新的内涵,工业设计已经不再局限于对"物"的设计,还包括对服务和系统等"非物"的创新,工业设计的领域已大大扩展。一、工业设计的研究领域工业设计指以工学、美学和经济学为基础对工业产品进行设计。根据设计对象和设计内容的不同,可将工业设计分为广义工业设计和狭义工业设计。1.广义工业设计     

运用EXCEL函数进行区组试验设计

区组设计是科学研究和加工工艺中经常用到的试验设计方法,本文通过对区组设计中的配对设计和完全区组设计实质的分析,提出了运用EXCEL进行配对设计和完全区组设计的方法。结果认为灵活利用Excel的随机函数如RAND、RANDOMBE-TWEEN等和排序按钮可以快速进行区组试验设计。     

浅谈设计接受对儿童服装设计的影响

设计接受和设计创作是设计的开始和结束,它们互相联系,又互相促进,是整个设计中的重要环节。本文主要从产品创意设计和色彩创意设计方面阐述了设计接受对儿童服装设计方面的影响,以及设计接受对童装设计的重要作用,目的在于引起童装设计师对设计接受的足够重视。     

浅谈丝绸服装的民族化风格设计

本文从设计的性质(描述型和指导型)、设计角度(数据资料的非专业来源和专业来源),以及设计方法(一般设计法和设计原理法)三方面,对丝绸民族服装设计研究进行综合性的分析,并指出当前设计中存在的问题。目的是在设计方法上,促进对设计理念的系统理解与深入思考,以充分挖掘民族服装设计的潜在空间。     

基于设计符号学的图标设计

为进一步探讨图标设计的识别性问题,提出了基于设计符号学的图标设计方法.该方法将图标设计分成语意、语构、语境和语用4个维度,根据设计符号学原理对图标设计与用户研究进行认知、整合上的创新,构成一个闭环式的图标设计理论模型;分析了基于设计符号学的图标设计过程,以图标代数理论为基础提出基于设计符号学的图标设计表达模型,探讨了语意和语构2个维度的重要性.采用.NET技术在Windows 7平台上构建了一个辅助图标设计过程的计算机原型系统IDAS1.0,其中包括快速设计模块、设计符号学评价模块和知识库模块.基于该系统可以实现图标方案的快速生成,构建设计知识库及获取专家的设计符号学评价,从而提高图标的设计和认知效率,验证了基于设计符号学的图标设计理论体系.     

设计管理理念下的设计沟通模式探讨

在以团队合作为主要形式的现代设计活动中,设计沟通对于设计目标的达成意义重大。不同的设计组织和设计程序在沟通的层次上效果是不同的,也带来各式的问题。文章结合设计圈的组织形式和重叠设计的特点提出立体设计模式,这种模式在组织上和程序上有利于高效高质的设计沟通,从而提高设计活动的效率及质量。     

设计素描与工业设计的关系

设计素描是当代设计教育课程体系的一个重要部分,旨在帮助学生树立正确的设计观念,培养创新的设计思维,基本造型的表现能力和创造能力.随着工业设计的范畴越来越宽泛,设计素描与工业设计在很多方面发生交叉.本文从它们的概念入手,对设计素描和工业设计的关系进行了研究.     

设计智能化与设计信息化思想在长输管道CAD软件中的探索与实现

本文对设计智能化和设计信息化的特点进行了简要说明,重点对长输管道工程设计中的约束条件、设计规则和设计要求进行了分析,对设计智能化和设计信息化在长输管道CAD软件中的实现方法、解决的主要技术进行了研究,并对软件的主要功能和应用情况进行了介绍。     

试谈CAD和CATIA在飞机中的应用

随着计算机技术的快速发展,CAD和CATIA软件广泛应用于飞机设计。设计人员通过CAD和CATIA软件完成图纸设计,由计算机自动生成设计结果,可以快速显示图形,缩短设计周期和提高设计质量。     

Database management standards: status and applicability

This article presents the current status of existing and emerging ISO, ANSI, and FIPS standards for database management, specifically Database Languages NDL and SQL and Remote Database Access (RDA). It describes the general content of each standard and discusses its applicability, availability, completeness, maturity, stability, existing usage, and known limitations. Where appropriate, it also addresses the availability of conformance test suites and future plans for enhancements and follow-on standardization efforts.     

Ethical and legal issues for writing researchers in an age of media convergence

With the convergence of digital media into ever-widening social and technological networks for creation and distribution, the contexts for writing and the study of writing and writers have certainly changed. Researchers must navigate a dense matrix of ethical and legal issues in all phases of research when studying the ever-changing processes and products of digital communications. In this article, I draw from numerous sources to articulate a few of the challenges facing digital writing researchers in this age of convergence, focusing on issues of representation (researcher, participant, third-party), issues of informed consent, and issues of copyright and fair use.     

Integration | Innovation | Inclusion: Values,Variables and the Design of Human Environments

Complexity, complication, contradiction, consumption, confusion, delusion, depression. Opportunity, inspiration, ingenuity, compassion, wisdom. Our world is perplexing, our times are fast moving, and our choices are many. To find an appropriate path is a daunting yet vital challenge that confronts us as individuals, as communities, and as a civilization. How sustainable is our world? How reasonable are our behaviors? The present article is a collection of thoughts on a series of intertwined issues related to the contemporary world, its environmental dimensions, and their present-day problems. The goal is to survey the landscape through a lens of Environmental Design, to provide some perspectives, to raise some questions, and to explore systems, beliefs, and values informing and influencing actions. It is important to consider how people's belief systems influence, inform, and shape actions. This holds true in realms political, spiritual, and cultural. It also proves relevant in the ways in which we imagine, design, develop, and construct our buildings, cities, spaces, and places.

Appropriate solutions to some of our most daunting problems will arise through the concerted efforts, open dialogue, and collective wisdom of the wide array of stakeholders, professionals, politicians, decision makers, and citizens (both engaged and disenfranchised) who have the will and wherewithal to make a difference and to make the world safer, healthier, and better. It seems vital for us to critically examine, and question, our belief systems and their connections to the ways we define, refine, and realize progress. Architecture and Environmental Design, in both a philosophical and a practical sense, reflect as well as form greater aspirations, directions, and events of our times.     

Environmental ergonomics: a review of principles, methods and models

A review of the principles, methods and models used in environmental ergonomics is provided in terms of the effects of heat and cold, vibration, noise and light on the health, comfort and performance of people. Environmental ergonomics is an integral part of the discipline of ergonomics and should be viewed and practised from that perspective. Humans do not respond to the environment in a way monotonically related to direct measures of the physical environment. There are human characteristics which determine human sensitivities and responses. Practical methods for assessing responses to individual environmental components are presented as well as responses to ‘total’ environments and current and proposed International Standards concerned with the ergonomics of the physical environment.     

基于RGB-D信息的移动机器人SLAM和路径规划方法研究与实现

移动机器人在各种辅助任务中需具备自主定位、建图、路径规划与运动控制的能力。本文利用RGB-D信息和ORB-SLAM算法进行自主定位,结合点云数据和GMapping算法建立环境栅格地图,基于二次规划方法进行平滑可解析的路径规划,并设计非线性控制器,实现了由一个运动底盘、一个RGB-D传感器和一个运算平台组成的自主移动机器人系统。经实验验证,这一系统实现了复杂室内环境下的实时定位与建图、自主移动和障碍物规避。由此,为移动机器人的推广应用提供了一个硬件结构简单、性能良好、易扩展、经济性好、开发维护方便的解决方案。     

Interpretive Tools for 3-D Structural Geological Modelling Part II: Surface Design from Sparse Spatial Data

We present software tools and methods applicable to the geological modelling of sparse spatial and structural data within a 3-D digital environment. Free-form surfaces derived from section-style control frames and constrained by field-based structural measurements are employed as partially automated design aids intended to speed up and streamline the 3-D geological model building process. Some design degrees of freedom such as NURBS tension (or weights), knot sequencing and tying surface features are also discussed with examples drawn from spatial and structural data collected in Baffin Island by the Geological Survey of Canada and near-mine exploration data from Canadian mines. Interpolation of field-based structural measurements along the boundary of an unknown surface is also demonstrated. This work is potentially relevant to regional mappers and others dealing with sparse spatial and structural data, and/or conceptual surface modelling.     

Expert system verification and validation: a survey and tutorial

Assuring the quality of an expert system is critical. A poor quality system may make costly errors resulting in considerable damage to the user or owner of the system, such as financial loss or human suffering. Hence verification and validation, methods and techniques aimed at ensuring quality, are fundamentally important. This paper surveys the issues, methods and techniques for verifying and validating expert systems. Approaches to defining the quality of a system are discussed, drawing upon work in both computing and the model building disciplines, which leads to definitions of verification and validation and the associated concepts of credibility, assessment and evaluation. An approach to verification based upon the detection of anomalies is presented, and related to the concepts of consistency, completeness, correctness and redundancy. Automated tools for expert system verification are reviewed. Considerable attention is then given to the issues in structuring the validation process, particularly the establishment of the criteria by which the system is judged, the need to maintain objectivity, and the concept of reliability. This is followed by a review of validation methods for validating both the components of a system and the system as a whole, and includes examples of some useful statistical methods. Management of the verification and validation process is then considered, and it is seen that the location of methods for verification and validation in the development life-cycle is of prime importance.     

Real-world effectiveness of Ergonomic methods

The way ahead with the practical development and application of Ergonomic methods is through a better anticipation and appreciation of changes to system effectiveness and human work that will be incurred through the introduction of new technologies to the workplace. These improvements will involve an improved awareness by the system of the working context and environment. The argued future is with improvements in the handling and use of knowledge by systems. The development of suitable Ergonomics methods, or the careful adaptation of existing methods, should accompany any technological revolution. Moreover, future methods are needed that are specifically developed to be applicable to the real time study of work considering both work context and the amalgamation of results from the use of many diverse methods throughout the design and development life cycle of a system. Part of this process will be a necessary complementation of both quantitative and qualitative methods and guidelines. Another focus should be on creating improved Ergonomics participation within multidisciplinary system design and development environments throughout the system's life cycle. Only through this avenue can Ergonomics show a consistent and valued contribution to quality design and its development. In parallel to such a contribution will be an acceptance by other engineering disciplines, managers, and customers that such an application of Ergonomics is cost effective.     

Connectionism and artificial intelligence: history and philosophical interpretation

Abstract

Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus have tried to place connectionism and artificial intelligence in a broader historical and intellectual context. This history associates connectionism with neuroscience, conceptual holism, and non-rationalism, and artificial intelligence with conceptual atomism, rationalism, and formal logic. The present paper argues that the Dreyfus account of connectionism and artificial intelligence is both historically and philosophically misleading.     

面向集群服务器系统的监控平台综述

为保证云计算、高性能计算集群服务器系统的服务能力,需构建监控平台对各种来源数据的实现统一管理、统计分析和展现。本文面向集群服务器系统监控平台的搭建方式,综述当前各种常见的监控平台架构和组件,分析各类平台在部署、数据规模、统计分析能力以及时效性等方面的不同。分析结果表明,集群服务器系统监控平台搭建方案应根据监控数据规模、时效性要求、查询和统计需求选择方案。