百乐克工艺活性污泥膨胀的控制方法

对百乐克工艺污水处理设计概况和污泥膨胀的性质进行了介绍 ,分析了膨胀的原因 ,最后提出并实施了膨胀控制的措施     

活性污泥法工艺污泥膨胀的主要原因及控制研究

针对工业废水采用普通活性污泥法处理易出现的丝状菌型污泥膨胀，对丝状菌型污泥膨胀分析和总结出五种主要膨胀类型。即：基质限制．溶解氧限制，营养物质缺乏型，腐败废水或硫化物因素和高、低pH冲击。对负荷、溶解氧、水质和水量变化等因素对污泥膨胀中菌胶团和丝状菌生长的相互影响进行了较为详细的阐述，给出了统一的污泥膨胀理论．并对不同类型的污泥膨胀给出了相应的控制方法。     

活性污泥法丝状菌污泥膨胀的处理措施

活性污泥法废水处理一旦发生丝状菌污泥膨胀故障,处理起来难度大、工作量大,采取更换活性污泥、停止活性污泥回流这个措施,将近一个污泥龄的时间可使生化系统恢复正常,并且恢复得比较彻底,重要的是不影响前端生产车间的正常生产.     

造纸废水活性污泥处理之污泥膨胀对策

本文叙述了造纸废水活性污泥法处理过程中存在问题－污泥膨胀产生的原因及其对策。     

欧洲山杨化学机械法制浆废液的活性污泥法处理与调控

作为重要的技术发展趋势,化学机械法制浆在制浆造纸工业中占有相当大的比重,并将继续发展。其废液中除了含有溶出的部分木素与碳水化合物降解产物,还有残余的化学药品。由于废液的浓度低,无法采用传统的燃烧法处理。然而其产生的废液量大,污染负荷高,必须经过处理之后才能排放。因而,必须重视这类制浆废液处理技术的研究和应用。活性污泥法是好氧微生物在有溶解氧存在的条件下,分解废水中有机污染物质的生化处理方法,通过特定条件下对混合微生物群的驯化和诱导,使之能够适应欲处理废水的水质条件,可以取得良好的有机污染物质去除…     

甘蔗制糖企业生化处理系统活性污泥膨胀及控制对策

活性污泥膨胀在制糖工业末端废水处理过程中经常遇到。分析活性污泥膨胀在制糖企业末端废水处理过程中产生的主要原因,并对如何控制活性污泥膨胀提出应对措施。     

脱墨废水的混凝——活性污泥处理

本试验研究了ＤＩＰ废水的混凝－－活性污泥二级处理效果，研究表明：ＤＩＰ废水经混凝－－活性污泥处理后，废水中的ＣＯＤｃｒ，ＢＯＤ５去除率达９１％和９３％，处理后废水可循环使用且完全达到国家排放标准。     

衡水市污水处理厂污泥膨胀的控制研究

1前言 自从1914年Aldern和Lockett首次发明活性污泥法处理污水技术之后，到今天的七八十年中，由于活性污泥工艺其处理后的水水质好，工艺比较稳妥可靠，而且人们在长期的实践中，在设计和运行管理等方面也积累了丰富的经验，因此至今仍得到广泛的应用。长期以来，它是各种废水处理，特别是城市污水处理工艺的主流。     

活性污泥法废水处理系统中选择器的运行状况

选择器是用于废水和回流活性污泥(RAS)进行短时间反应的小型接触室，通常反应时间为30min到几小时。选择器的作用是为絮状细菌的生长创造一个短期的适宜环境并抑制丝状细菌的生长，从而产生适度絮凝及较好沉淀的污泥。     

无剩余污泥的活性污泥法

本文开发了一种新型的无剩余污泥的活性污泥法，并将其应用于造纸厂废水的处理，这种名为“生物先导”的新系统由一个污泥的臭氧氧化段和一个生物处理段组成，臭氧处理有助于活性污泥的生物降解，消除剩余污泥的重要条件是返回到曝气槽的臭氧处理的污泥量以及控制pH值以减少臭氧用量。实验证明，与常规的活性污泥法相比，“生物先导”系统在处理造纸厂废水方面是很有效的，该系统能基本上消除剩余的污泥，而处理后的废水质量与常规活性污泥法处理后的基本相同。     

改良型氧化沟污泥膨胀的发生及控制措施

结合改良型氧化沟处理文化用纸生产废水的工程实例,介绍了此次污泥膨胀的发生和控制过程。分析发现,进水浓度和化学品引起的泡沫是此次污泥膨胀的主要原因。     

采用生物滤池--活性污泥法处理啤酒废水

某啤酒厂废水处理站设计规模为2100m3/d;进水CODcr=800～1500mg/L,BOD5=400～800mg/L,SS=300～600mg/L.采用高负荷生物滤池-活性污泥法处理工艺,运行表明出水水质达到GB8978-1988污水综合排放标准中规定的一级标准.     

Potential of predominant activated sludge bacteria as recipients in conjugative plasmid transfer

We investigated the possibility of conjugative plasmid transfer to the predominant bacteria in activated sludge and the factors influencing the transfer frequency in the activated sludge process. We performed conjugative transfers of a self-transmissible, broad-host-range plasmid RP4 from Escherichia coli C600 to activated sludge bacteria by broth mating. Most of the activated sludge bacteria tested could acquire plasmid RP4, although the transfer frequencies varied from 8.8 x 10(-7) to 1.3 x 10(-2) transconjugants per recipient. The transfer frequencies in several strains were similar to, or higher than, that in intraspecific transfer to E. coli HB101. Matings under various environmental conditions showed that factors relevant to physiological activity, such as temperature and nutrient conditions, seemed to affect the transfer frequency. In addition, conjugative transfer was detected even in filtered raw and treated wastewaters. Thus, the predominant activated sludge bacteria seem to have sufficient potential as recipients in conjugative plasmid transfer under the conditions likely to occur in the activated sludge process. Transfer frequency was reduced by agitation in the presence of suspended solid. This may suggest that conjugative plasmid transfer is physically inhibited in aeration tanks.     

Two-phased hyperthermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge with kitchen garbage

For co-digestion of waste activated sludge with kitchen garbage, hyperthermophilic digester systems that consisted of an acidogenic reactor operated at hyperthermophilic (70 °C) and a methanogenic reactor operated at mesophilic (35 °C), thermophilic (55 °C) or hyperthermophilic (65 °C) conditions in series were studied by comparing with a thermophilic digester system that consisted of thermophilic (55 °C) acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. Laboratory scale reactors were operated continuously fed with a substrate blend composed of concentrated waste activated sludge and artificial kitchen garbage. At the acidogenic reactor, solubilization efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), carbohydrate and protein at 70 °C were about 39%, 42% and 54%, respectively, and they were higher than those at 55 °C by around 10%. The system of acidogenesis at 70 °C and methanogenesis at 55 °C was stable and well-functioned in terms of treatment performances and low ammonium nitrogen concentrations. Microbial community analysis was conducted using a molecular biological method. The key microbe determined at the hyperthermophilic acidogenesis step was Coprothermobacter sp., which was possibly concerned with the degradation of protein in waste activated sludge. The present study proved that the hyperthermophilic system was advantageous for treating substrate blends containing high concentrations of waste activated sludge.     

ASM1模型中易降解COD的生物测定法

介绍了方波法、间歇式呼吸速率法等2种测定ASM1中易降解COD的生物测定法，并用这2种方法测定了西安市污水水质．通过实验研究表明，间歇式呼吸速率测定法操作简单、实验时间短，实用性较强．西安市污水中Ss占总COD的比例为7％～10％．     

A laboratory-scale test of anaerobic digestion and methane production after phosphorus recovery from waste activated sludge

In enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes, activated sludge microorganisms accumulate large quantities of polyphosphate (polyP) intracellularly. We previously discovered that nearly all of polyP could be released from waste activated sludge simply by heating it at 70 degrees C for about 1 h. We also demonstrated that this simple method was applicable to phosphorus (P) recovery from waste activated sludge in a pilot plant-scale EBPR process. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of this sludge processing (heat treatment followed by calcium phosphate precipitation) on anaerobic digestion in laboratory-scale experiments. The results suggested that the sludge processing for P recovery could improve digestive efficiency and methane productivity at both mesophilic (37 degrees C) and thermophilic (53 degrees C) temperatures. In addition, heat-treated waste sludge released far less P into the digested sludge liquor than did untreated waste sludge. It is likely that the P recovery step prior to anaerobic digestion has a potential advantage for controlling struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) deposit problems in sludge handling processes.     

活性污泥-浸没式超滤-反渗透在针织印染废水回用处理中的应用

采用活性污泥-气浮+浸没式超滤-反渗透工艺处理针织印染废水,发现二级处理段CODCr、氨氮、总磷去除率分别达到90%、74%、89%,色度、pH值达接管要求,优于一期出水水质。深度处理段,超滤出水达到一般回用水要求,回用产水池水质完全达到针织印染各生产工艺要求。回用水处理成本低于新鲜水与废水处理费用之和,节省了水资源,提升了水重复利用率。     

啤酒废水处理系统中活性污泥微型生物群落结构分析

为了分析啤酒厂废水处理系统活性污泥运行状态,选取了啤酒厂污水处理系统中不同阶段的微型生物群落结构作为研究对象。本文利用16S rDNA及18S rDNA特异性引物作为分子标记,通过PCR扩增污水处理系统中的环境生物群落DNA,以变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术分离检测PCR产物获得微生物群落的DNA指纹图谱。研究结果显示,经过活性污泥处理的啤酒厂废水中细菌群落和真核生物群落结构发生了明显的改变。其中在细菌群落DGGE图谱中检测到21条特异性条带,而在真核生物DGGE图谱检测到10条。UPGMA聚类分析显示,进水与活性污泥中的细菌及真核群落结构十分相似(相似性>0.67),而与出水的差异较大(相似性<0.41),这表明了进水对活性污泥生物群落结构的重要影响。     

活性炭吸附纸制造工艺及性能研究

研究了活性炭吸附纸的组成及制造工艺，筛选出适合于抄造活性炭吸附纸的玻璃纤维的打浆工艺条件，并在活性炭用量为76．5％、PVA纤维为6％、玻璃纤维为17．5％的条件下抄遣出颗粒活性炭吸附纸，其对甲苯、甲醛、氨、三氮甲烷的吸附能力分别为29．5％。14．8％，26．8％，19．8％；粉末状活性炭吸附纸对甲苯、甲醛、氨、三氮甲烷的吸附能力分别为17．0％，12．4％，15．5％。     

浸没式膜生物反应器协同活性炭处理海产养殖废水效果

该文结合海产养殖废水的盐度效应特点,开展了浸没式膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor,MBR)协同粉末活性炭(powder activated carbon,PAC)处理含盐废水的试验。考察了投加PAC对于MBR污染物去除性能及膜污染的影响;盐度变化过程中(0~35 g/L)MBR对化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand , COD)、氨氮(ammonia nitrogen,NH+4-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(nitrite nitrogen,NO₂-N)处理效果;以及含盐废水长期作用下微生物性能、膜通量、絮体粒径的变化情况。重点分析0~5 g/L的盐度变化,本体溶液中的溶解性有机物(soluble microbile products,SMP)和污泥絮体中胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)组成及含量的变化情况。结果表明:MBR PAC对COD的去除效率比MBR高7.3%,对NH+4-N、NO₂-N去除的稳定性优于MBR;两工艺条件下膜通量随盐度变化呈现类似的趋势,即敏感期衰减,稳定期得到一定程度的恢复。养殖废水长期作用下,MBR PAC膜通量是MBR的1.5倍,MBR PAC的污泥粒径相对于MBR增加了52 μm。盐度变化过程中,PAC由于其吸附性能及絮凝能力,能吸附本体溶液中的溶解性微生物代谢产物,相对于MBR,蛋白质的含量减少了34.0%。MBR PAC适用于海产养殖废水的处理。