超临界直流锅炉省煤器爆管泄漏原因分析

针对某电厂^#2锅炉省煤器水平管爆管泄漏的问题进行了分析，制订了锅炉吹灰管理和防范的措施，保证了锅炉安全、稳定运行。     

改善煤粉分配均匀性措施的研究

望亭发电厂^#11锅炉制粉系统改善煤粉分配均匀性措施后,取得了很好的效果,四角各层煤粉管内风量和粉量的最大偏差分别不超过±10％,为改善炉膛出口两侧烟气偏差和实现低NOx燃烧以及锅炉低负荷稳燃创造了良好的条件。目前,高温再热器前两侧烟温的偏差基本控制在15℃之内运行,至今未发生煤粉管堵塞、受热面超温爆管和其他不良现象,飞灰含碳量逐年好转。     

国内最大容量电站锅炉在哈锅诞生

记者日前从哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司获悉，由该公司制造的国产首台1000MW超超临界锅炉——华能浙江玉环电厂^#1机组锅炉所有部件全部产成。该锅炉是国内目前最大容量的电站锅炉，在国际上处于先进水平。玉环^#1的顺利产成，标志着我国电力工业技术装备水平和制造能力进入了新的发展阶段，成为我国电力行业发展的又一里程碑。     

再热器减温水控制技术分析及应用

从锅炉热负荷特性、优化吹灰、燃烧调整、机组运行方式以及设备治理等方面分析了影响再热器减温水的因素，针对锅炉典型工况下的减温水特性进行了论述，针对性地提出了控制再热器减温水的运行技术，较好地解决了再热器减温水量长期居高不下的问题，为发电企业治理再热器减温水提供较可靠的参考。     

磨煤机主轴承烧毁事故分析及对策

姚孟发电有限责任公司^#1，^#2锅炉为国产300MW亚临界中间再热直流炉，其制粉系统配置为低速钢球磨中间仓贮式制粉系统。针对^#1，^#2锅炉制粉系统磨煤机轴承经常出现的漏油、过热烧毁等异常情况，分析和研究了设备、系统存在的问题，提出了改造方案并加以实施，提高了设备的使用寿命。     

超超临界锅炉试运期间爆管原因分析及对策

由于华能玉环电厂首台百万千瓦超超临界机组锅炉部件内部清洁度不佳等原因，在受热面管子内部易造成堵塞，在杌组试运期间会引起受热面短时超温而爆管。通过对#1机组调试阶段几次受热面爆管原因分析，采取了在管子内部加装节流孔圈（板）的措施，以达到平衡汽水特性、工质流速之目的；采取了联箱、管子内部清洁度检查的措施，明显减少了因节流孔圈（板）堵塞造成的锅炉爆管的现象，提高了机组安全可靠性。     

锅炉性能优化系统在300MW“W”形火焰锅炉上的应用

通过对锅炉性能优化系统软件在300MW＂W＂形火焰锅炉上实际应用效果的对比分析,对100%ECR（额定连续出力）,90%ECR,83%ECR,75%ECR,53%ECR（调峰最低负荷）等工况进行了锅炉性能优化试验,得出了各负荷段的最佳优化运行曲线。优化结果证明了优化方向的正确性,可为^#2、^#3、^#4锅炉及同类型燃烧方式锅炉的优化运行提供参考和借鉴。     

CG—200／9.81—M11锅炉屏式热器爆管原因的分析及解决办法

从设计及运行两个方面分析了登封电厂集团自备电厂两台２２０ｔ／ｈ锅炉屏式过热器频敏爆管的原因，并对屏式过热器壁温测试的合理性进行了分析，在金属分析和多项试验的基础上，制定出了解决问题的对策，彻底解决了爆管的再次发生。     

高温再热器管变形原因分析及处理

国电民权发电有限公司^#1炉试运行期间,高温再热器管发生s形变形,对变形管进行了宏观检查及相关数据测量。经过分析,得出再热器管排变形的原因为管材膨胀系数不一致及管材内应力,针对性采取了更换管段、跟踪监督、综合治理等措施,确保了高温再热器管排安全稳定运行。     

500万:骄人的三峡速度——三峡工程特大型水轮发电机组国产化进程回眸

2007年12月27日17时30分，三峡右岸电站17^#机组正式投产运行、自2007年6月11日22^#机组并网发电以来，26^#、21^#、18^#、25^#、20^#及17^#机组相继于7月至12月投产，装机容量共490万kW。加上2007年1月电源电站投产的两台5万kW小型机组，     

1004t／h燃煤电站锅炉“四管”爆漏事故分析及对策

根据江油发电厂1004t／h锅炉1998年以前发生“四管”爆漏的具体类型和统计分布特点,结合蒸汽冲刷、飞灰磨损、应力破裂、高温化学腐蚀、结构组件提前失效等破坏形式,重点对燃煤管理、运行管理、维护检修、生产的外部条件等影响“四管”爆漏的内外因素进行了分析、总结,找出了引起锅炉“四管”爆漏的主要原因。提出了一系列具有针对性、切实可行的综合治理措施,收到了明显成效,可为同类型机组锅炉设备治理提供参考。     

600MW超临界锅炉末级过热器爆漏原因分析

湖南华电长沙发电有限责任公司600MW超临界锅炉在初带高负荷试运不到10h，发生末级过热器爆漏，其爆漏部位发生在中间第16屏、外数第10内圈管，而类似情况在同类型锅炉调试其间也曾多次发生。其原因为过热器二级减温器混合管的制造工艺用衬垫材质与设计要求不符，导致衬垫脱落并进入末级过热器进口联箱，引起末级过热器管部分堵塞而短期过热爆漏。因此，通过检查、清理减温器混合管衬垫可有效防止末级过热器失效损坏。     

再热蒸汽热段管道支吊架的优化调整

针对华能瑞金电厂^#1超临界机组试在运行过程中再热蒸汽热段管道运行出现的异常情况,进行了原因分析和管道应力计算,提出了管道支吊架优化调整方案。该方案实施后,管道应力均衡,各支吊架运行状态良好,满足了管道长期安全运行的要求。     

Analysis of internal layout of high-pressure drum boilers

An analysis of the internal layout of high-pressure drum boilers shows that the pattern with single-stage evaporation is the most expedient. At equivalent continuous bleeding this design ensures minimum consumption of alkaline-phosphate mixture introduced for conditioning the boiler water and minimum salt content.Translated from Élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 12, December 2004, pp. 23 – 28.     

Analysis of Cyclic Load Capability of Boilers According to Conditions of Slag-Tap Removal

Original software that makes it possible to predict the viscosity of coal slag from data on its chemical composition as applied to results of domestic measurements is presented. The predictions are more accurate than those ensured by known domestic and foreign methods. The reliability of results is increased without changing the computational procedure by widening and amending the databank. A refined algorithm and software are suggested for computing the cyclic load capability of boilers from conditions of slag-tap removal. The method is based on integral computation of heat exchange in the combustion zone. The software has been tested for TP-87 and PK-40 boilers firing Kuznetskii coals of grades SS and T and for BKZ-320-140PT boiler firing Kansko-Achinskii coals. __________ Translated from Elektricheskie Stantsii, No. 6, June 2005, pp. 16 – 21.     

Transport of Contaminants with Boiler Water Steam

A method for determining coefficients of distribution of contaminants between boiler water and steam generated in boilers and steam generators of nuclear power plants, which is based on standard thermodynamic dissociation constants, is presented. Appropriate analytical dependences are given for hydroxides of metals used in the power industry for pressures of 40, 87.5, and 155 kgf/cm² (3.9, 8.6, and 15.2 MPa). __________ Translated from Elektricheskie Stantsii, No. 7, July 2005, pp. 38 – 39.     

Development and study of boilers with a ring furnace using different coals

This is a critical analysis of the profiles of boilers with nontraditional ring furnaces for 330 and 600MWunits operating with different coals. The ANSYS FLUENT mathematical simulation software has been used in this work. Data on the temperature distributions in the boiler, the nitrogen oxide concentrations, and a large amount of other simulation results and calculations are presented which are important for further improvements in the technology of boilers with ring furnaces.     

Special Features of Phosphatizing in Stage Evaporation

High-duty drum boilers (15.5 MPa in the drum) in Russia often function with double-stage evaporation, the first stage occurring in the drum and the second stage occurring in remote cyclones or end compartments of the drum connected to an individual circulation center. This process is accompanied by enhanced introduction of PO₄ phosphates that contaminate the heating surfaces, i.e., waterwall pipes of the boiler, and cause their corrosion under scale, which requires frequent acid cleanings (3 – 4 times a year). The experience of the Novosibirsk TÉTs-5 cogeneration plant employing single-stage evaporation and periodic introduction of phosphates at the expense of higher hardness of the feed and boiler water (as a result of worsening of the feed water) has shown that it is possible to increase the period between boiler cleanings to over ten years with periodic control of the sediment on the pipes by cutting specimens. The annual amount of introduced phosphates is 0.05 – 0.08 mg/dm³. The growth of sediment has virtually stopped in the last three years. The pipes are not damaged. Under conventional water chemistry and transfer of boilers with double-stage evaporation to a single-stage evaporation mode (by elimination of partitions in intradrum compartments of the second stage at the drum ends) the concentration of phosphates in the bleed water has decreased by more than a factor of 4.     

Connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating first one under the conditions of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants with two gas-turbine units and one steam turbine

Problems arising with connecting the second exhaust-heat boiler to the first exhaust-heat boiler under load in the case of flow circuits of combined-cycle plants of type PGU-450 are considered. Similar problems exist for two-boiler single-turbine units of type PGU-325 and for two-boiler single-turbine units of traditional steampower plants with an output of 200–300 MW upon connection of the second furnace of a two-furnace boiler to the operating first furnace. Analysis of the temperature-induced stressed state and of the cyclic strength of thick-walled elements of the steam-water conduit of PGU-450 and of two-furnace boilers of two-boiler single-turbine units with an output of 200–300 MW (the check valve, the inlet header of the water economizer) is used for determining the steam temperature differences in the high-pressure conduits to the steam turbine and the order of connection of the second exhaust-heat boiler to the operating fist one. Modes of enabling a two-boiler single-turbine unit of a combined-cycle plant, which are most “rigid” from the standpoint of thermal strength, are determined. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, February 2006, pp. 11–17.