焊料中氮化硅含量对氮化硅陶瓷连接强度的影响

采用含有Ｙ２Ｏ３,Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＳｉＯ２和Ｓｉ３ｎ４的焊料在１６００℃,３０ｍｉｎ,５ＭＰａ压力的条件下对无压烧结氮化硅陶瓷进行连接实验,研究焊料烨硅的摩尔分数对连接强度的影响。结果表明,随着氮化硅摩尔分数的增加,连接强度也得以提高,这主要是因为氮化硅的加入降低了焊料的热膨胀系数以及加速了结合层内焊料的氮化过程,但是,氮化硅摩尔分数进一步增加,导致焊料的粘度增加,影响了焊料在陶瓷表面的润湿和辅展,使     

Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-ZrO_2系陶瓷表面氧化层组成的EPMA分析

利用ＥＰＭＡ和ＸＲＤ的分析方法，研究了Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＺｒＯ＿２系陶瓷材料表面氧化层组成。结果表明，Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＺｒＯ＿２系陶瓷材料表面氧化层是由方石英相、ＺｒＳｉＯ＿４相和含有Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＣａＯ等的ＳｉＯ＿２玻璃相所组成，其中ＳｉＯ＿２玻璃相中Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＣａＯ等的含量，随着氧化时间的增加而逐渐增加。     

GPSZrO_2-Si_3N_4复合材料性能的研究

本文研究了ＧＰＳＺｒＯ２－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的烧结性能、相组成、显微结构和力学性能。ＺｒＯ２－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料在１７７０～１８００℃,氮气压力分别为１ＭＰａ,２ＭＰａ,３ＭＰａ下烧成,获得相对密度＞９５％烧结体。实验结果表明：少量的工业ＺｒＯ２对氮化硅有助烧作用,增大氮气压力有利于改善氮化硅陶瓷材料的烧结性能和力学性能;ＺｒＯ２可提高氮化硅基体的断裂韧性,在３ＭＰａ下烧成条件下,添加１５％ＺｒＯ２的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料断裂韧性可达８．０８ＭＰａ．ｍ１／２,与基体相比提高２１．５％,第二相粒子增韧和微裂纹增韧为主要增韧机理。     

L—G法合成微细氮化硅粉和晶须

用Ｌ－Ｇ法合成微细氮化硅粉和晶须，在１０００－１３００℃热分解，并在Ｎ２气氛中保温８小时，产品均为无定形Ｓｉ３Ｎ４粉。当热处理温度提高到１４００－１４５０℃，保温１－２小时，得到α－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４粉末。当热处理温度在１５００℃，保温３小时，得到α－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４晶须。无定形粉的粒径为０．０７－０．３μｍ，颗粒呈不规则的空心球，蜂窝状。α－Ｓｉ２Ｎ４粉颗粒呈等轴形，粒径为０．１μｍ左右。α－Ｓｉ２Ｎ４晶须尺     

利用表面形成Si_2N_2O层提高Si_3N_4陶瓷材料抗氧化性能

根据对Ｓｉ－Ｎ－Ｏ系统相图的分析，首次在Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷材料表面形成Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ抗氧化层。其方法是利用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ在Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷的表面涂上一层ＳｉＯ２（其中含有１０％的Ａｉ２Ｏ３）涂层后，在Ｎ２气氛中，并有Ｓｉ３Ｎ４粉末和ＳｉＯ２粉末存在的条件下，于１２７３～１６７３Ｋ的温度下进行热处理。用ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ分析验证了Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ（和／或Ｏ’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ）层的存在。由于形成了Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ（和／或Ｏ’－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ）层，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷材料在１５７３Ｋ的温度下氧化１００ｈ后，氧化增量从原来的０．４２ｍｇ／ｃｍ２降低到０．２４ｍｇ／ｃｍ２。     

反应结合O'Sialon和O'Sialon-SiC复合材料

在通氮气条件下,烧结硅粉制取氮化硅（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）的工艺已沿用多年,它是生产氮化硅结合碳化硅复合陶瓷材料的基础。现在,开发出一种制取Ｏ’Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的新工艺,可以反应结合碳化硅制取Ｏ’ＳｉａｌｏｎＳｉＣ复合陶瓷材料。Ｏ’Ｓｉａｌｏｎ（Ｓｉ２－ｘＡｌｘＯ１＋ｘＮ２－ｘ,ｘ＝０～０．４）与氧氮化硅（Ｓｉ２ＯＮ２）结构相同,是由Ａｌ和Ｏ取代其中的Ｓｉ和Ｎ而形成的固溶体。其中Ａｌ、Ｏ的量随温度升高而增多,１６００℃时,ｘ取０～０．２;１９００℃时,ｘ为０．４。新工艺是在通Ｎ２条件下,烧结硅、二氧化…     

Si3N4陶瓷材料的氧化行为及其抗氧化研究

研究了Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷材料的氧化行为,同时探讨了通过表面处理使Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷材料表面形成一层Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ对其抗氧化性能的影响。实验结果表明,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷材料在空气中的氧化行为服从抛物线规律。另外,用Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）和Ｘ光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）分析验证了Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ层的存在。由于形成了Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ层,Ｓi３Ｎ４陶瓷材 在１３００℃下氧化１００h后,氧化增重从原来的０．４２ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２降低到０．２     

纳米Si3N4-SiC(Y2O3)复合粉末的氨解溶胶-凝胶法合成

以硅溶胶、尿素和碳黑为原料,经氨解溶胶－凝胶、碳热还原法合成了纳米Ｓｉ３ｎ４－ＳｉＣ复合粉末。通过在硅溶胶中引入Ｙ（ＮＯ３）３,合成了Ｓｉ３ｎ４－ＳｉＣ－Ｙ２Ｏ３超细复合粉末,Ｙ２Ｏ３的加入有助于降低Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ的合成温度。采用ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ分析复合粉末中Ｙ的存在状态表明：一部分Ｙ固溶在Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ中,加有一部分以Ｙ２Ｏ３形式存在,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ－Ｙ２Ｏ３复合粉末的烧结性能良好。     

Si－C－O－N系统相稳定性和相稳定性图

对Ｓｉ－Ｃ－Ｏ－Ｎ系统进行了平衡状态下的相稳定性计算，绘制了在１４７３Ｋ和１５７３Ｋ下的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＳｉＣ、Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ和ＳｉＯ２相稳定性与Ｎ２分压和Ｏ２分压的关系图以及Ｎ２分压和ＳｉＯ分区的关系图，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ／ＳｉＣ、ＳｉＯ２／Ｓｉ２Ｎ２Ｏ／ＳｉＣ两个三固相平衡点与Ｎ２分压、Ｏ２分压和ＳｉＯ分压以及温度的函数关系日。并以此确定Ｃ纤维－ＳｉＣ纤维转变和Ｃ纤维上涂层ＳｉＣ过程中，为获得稳定ＳｉＣ相的气体分压。     

SiC—Al2O3基复相陶瓷的N2—HIP研究

通过对热压ＳｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料进行了Ｎ２－ＨＩＰ后处理，制备得到Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＡｌＮ＝ＳｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３梯度材料，经Ｎ２－ＨＩＰ处理后，材料抗弯强度提高３５％－９５％，并得到经强度达１０３０ＭＰａ的ＳｉｅＮ４－ＡｌＮ／ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣＷ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.