Epitaxial interfaces in semi-crystalline polymers and their applications

The epitaxial crystallization of polyethylene (PE) on uniaxially oriented polypropylene is investigated, Mechanical tests indicate that the epitaxial interfaces have strong adherence.     

One-pot synthesis of porous hematite hollow microspheres and their application in water treatment

Alpha-Fe2O3 hollow micospheres have been successfully synthesized by solvothermal method at 200 degrees C. The synthesized products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm technique. The alpha-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres have an average diameter of 2-3 microm, the shell consists of numerous aligned nanorods with length of about 200-400 nm. The effects of solvent and reaction time have been studied. The Ostwald ripening mechanism is proposed to account for the formation of alpha-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres. Because of the porous hollow microstructure and large specific surface area, the microspheres were found to be effective sorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewater.     

金属氧化物超级电容器及其应用研究进展

超级电容器作为一种新型储能装置，与蓄电池相比具有较高的比功率，与传统电容器相比具有较高的比能量、容量大、运行温度范围宽，循环寿命长，引起了人们的广泛关注。本文综述了超级电容器的储能原理，特点，应用范围等，并详细介绍了用金属氧化物及水合物做电极材料的超级电容器的最新研究进展。     

Controlled synthesis of porous particles via aerosol processing and their applications

Aerosol processes such as spray drying and/or spray pyrolysis for the controlled synthesis of porous particles were introduced in this review. Typical experimental setup, general experimental procedure for the preparation of porous particles, as well as key factors affecting the properties of final porous particles, was described. We then discussed the various routes for the controlled synthesis of porous particles: (1) the preparation of self-assembled porous particles with ordered pores by using organic template particles; (2) the preparation of pore size- and porosity-controlled particles from aggregated nanoparticles; (3) the preparation of nanoparticle-laden encapsulated porous particles from graphene nano-sheets and nanoparticles. Finally, we introduced interesting applications of the porous particles such as photocatalysts, drug delivery carriers, and biosensors.     

Polylactide based nanostructured biomaterials and their applications

Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most innovative materials being actively investigated for a wide range of industrial applications. The polymer is a linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester which is biodegradable as well as biocompatible, which makes it highly versatile and attractive to various commodities and medical applications. A large variety of nanoparticles of different nature and size can be blended with PLA, therefore, generating a new class of nanostructured biomaterials or nanocomposites with interesting physical properties and applications. PLA based nanostructured biomaterials are the focus of this review article, throwing light on their preparation techniques, physical properties, and industrial applications. Structural characteristics and morphological features of PLA based nanocomposites have been explained on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Depending upon the nature and characteristics of the nanoparticles, the ultimate properties of the resulting nanocomposite materials can be tailored. Biocompatible materials such as carbon nanotubes, cellulose nanowhiskers, hydroxyapitite, etc. could be incorporated into the PLA matrix, which increase the potential of PLA for biomedical applications. Applications of PLA based nanostructured materials in different areas have been summarized.     

Heat exchange in boiling of water,ethanol, and their mixtures on a heating surface with a porous coating

Results are offered from an experimental study of boiling of water, ethanol, and their mixtures on surfaces obtained by gas-thermal deposition of aluminum oxide and alloy ÉP-616 on a vertical tube element.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 753–759, November, 1984.     

Hierarchical WO3 porous microspheres and their sensing properties

Materials with porous and hierarchical structures are of great interest for potential use in energy and environmental applications. Here, we fabricate the WO₃ microspheres which consist of the nanosheets by using a simple hydrothermal process. The likely formation mechanism of the porous microspheres is proposed based on the time-dependent experiments. As a consequence of the unique hierarchical and porous architecture, the microspheres show excellent gas sensing properties due to their large amount of petals and pores, which benefited for the gas diffusion.     

以金属框架有机物为模板合成微孔炭及其对CO2的吸附性能（英文）

以金属框架有机物为模板,酚醛树脂为碳质前躯体,合成系列微孔炭。合成的微孔炭比表面积可达2 368 m2/g;在300 K常压条件下,该材料对CO2的饱和吸附量为2.9mmol/g。通过调节碳质前躯体的配比和老化时间,可以控制微孔炭的孔结构;在炭化过程中,挥发逸出的Zn也对基体碳发挥协同活化功能,进而使微孔炭的微孔含量提高。微孔炭对CO2的饱和吸附量随其比表面积的增加而增大。     

Composite load models based on field measurements and their applications in dynamic analysis

The composite load model with an induction motor in parallel with a static load has been studied and applied in analysis of dynamics of power systems for a long time. However, the load parameters from field tests are still very limited. Based on the theoretical results of identifiability and estimation methodology of load parameters that have been achieved in the previous work, a project of load modelling based on field measurements is described. Eight sets of equipment for load modelling were installed in HeNan Electric Power Grid (HNEPG) Corporation, and the dynamics of the load were recorded and a dynamic index is proposed to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the data measured. The load models derived from the field measurements are applied to stability analysis of HNEPG. The critical clearing time and power transfer capability analyses illustrate the enhancement of the stability analysis of the power grid using the load parameters derived from the field measurements and show the benefits of application of such model parameters in power system dynamic analysis.     

Nanocomposites based on conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes: from fancy materials to functional applications

This review deals with recent progress on the development of nanocomposite materials formed by conducting organic polymers (COPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNs), both from a fundamental and applied point of view. The combination of the unique properties of CNs with COPs makes of these materials interesting multifunctional systems with great potential in many applications such as supercapacitors, sensors, photovoltaic cells and photodiodes, optical limiting devices, solar cells, high-resolution printable conductor, electromagnetic absorbers, and, last but not least, advanced transistors.     

Volume relaxation in polymers and its effect on waveguide applications

Volume relaxation in polymers and the effect intrinsic to glassy polymers can significantly affect their refractive index over time. Its beta rate has been found to be related only to relaxation temperature T and the glass transition temperature of the polymer Tg and not to the polymeric chemical structure. Universal values of beta have been obtained for polymers and were used to predict the minimum index change related to volume in polymers. The index change is in the range from 7.86 x 10(-5) to 5.26 x 10(-4) when the Tg - T value of polymers is between 90 and 350 degrees C. These volume-relaxation-induced changes can cause serious deterioration or even failure in corresponding polymer waveguide devices, such as arrayed waveguide gratings and variable optical attenuators, when the Tg of a polymer is not sufficiently high. A minimum requirement is therefore suggested for the Tg of polymers used to fabricate waveguide devices.     

Facile synthesis of Pr(OH)3 nanostructures and their application in water treatment

By means of a facile electrochemical approach, Pr(OH)₃ nanostructures consisting of nanosheets amorphous were successfully constructed on Cu substrates, and their morphologies can be readily tuned by simply adjusting the current density. Moreover, these Pr(OH)₃ nanostructures exhibit a good performance to remove Congo red in wastewater treatment.     

Physical and mechanical characterisation of 3D-printed porous titanium for biomedical applications

The elastic modulus of metallic orthopaedic implants is typically 6–12 times greater than cortical bone, causing stress shielding: over time, bone atrophies through decreased mechanical strain, which can lead to fracture at the implantation site. Introducing pores into an implant will lower the modulus significantly. Three dimensional printing (3DP) is capable of producing parts with dual porosity features: micropores by process (residual pores from binder burnout) and macropores by design via a computer aided design model. Titanium was chosen due to its excellent biocompatibility, superior corrosion resistance, durability, osteointegration capability, relatively low elastic modulus, and high strength to weight ratio. The mechanical and physical properties of 3DP titanium were studied and compared to the properties of bone. The mechanical and physical properties were tailored by varying the binder (polyvinyl alcohol) content and the sintering temperature of the titanium samples. The fabricated titanium samples had a porosity of 32.2–53.4 % and a compressive modulus of 0.86–2.48 GPa, within the range of cancellous bone modulus. Other physical and mechanical properties were investigated including fracture strength, density, fracture toughness, hardness and surface roughness. The correlation between the porous 3DP titanium-bulk modulus ratio and porosity was also quantified.     

Preparation of open porous polycaprolactone microspheres and their applications as effective cell carriers in hydrogel system

Common hydrogel, composed of synthetic polymers or natural polysaccharides could not support the adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells due to the lack of cell affinitive interface and high cell constraint. The use of porous polyester microspheres as cell-carriers and introduction of cell-loaded microspheres into the hydrogel system might overcome the problem. However, the preparation of the open porous microsphere especially using polycaprolactone (PCL) has been rarely reported. Here, the open porous PCL microspheres were fabricated via the combined emulsion/solvent evaporation and particle leaching method. The microspheres exhibited porous surface and inter-connective pore structure. Additionally, the pore structure could be easily controlled by adjusting the processing parameters. The surface pore size could be altered from 20 μm to 80 μm and the internal porosities were varied from 30% to 70%. The obtained microspheres were evaluated to delivery mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and showed the improved cell adhesion and growth when compared with the non-porous microspheres. Then, the MSCs loaded microspheres were introduced into agarose hydrogel. MSCs remained alive and sustained proliferation in microsphere/agarose composite in 5-day incubation while a decrement of MSCs viabilities was found in agarose hydrogel without microspheres. The results indicated that the microsphere/hydrogel composite had a great potential in cell therapy and injectable system for tissue regeneration.     

淀粉泡沫材料研究进展及其在包装领域的应用

在概述淀粉材料发泡原理的基础上,综述了淀粉泡沫材料研究与开发的最新进展.阐述了材料组成和发泡工艺参数等因素对淀粉泡沫材料的发泡行为和性能的影响,介绍了淀粉泡沫材料在包装领域的应用,并对未来的研发方向做了展望.     

Electrospinning nanofibers to ID,2D,and 3D scaffolds and their biomedical applications

Electrospinning is a popular and effective method of producing porous nanofibers with a large surface area,superior physical and chemical properties,and a controllable pore size.Owing to these properties,electrospun nanofibers can mimic the extracellular matrix and some human tissue structures,based on the fiber configuration.Consequently,the application of electrospun nanofibers as biomaterials,varying from two-dimensional(2D)wound dressings to three-dimensional(3D)tissue engineering scaffolds,has increased rapidly in recent years.Nanofibers can either be uniform fiber strands or coaxial drug carriers,and their overall structure varies from random mesh-like mats to aligned or gradient scaffolds.In addition,the pore size of the fibers can be adjusted or the fibers can be loaded with disparate medicines to provide different functions.This review discusses the various structures and applications of 2D fiber mats and 3D nanofibrous scaffolds made up of different one-dimensional(1D)fibers in tissue engineering.In particular,we focus on the improvements made in recent years,especially in the fields of wound healing,angiogenesis,and tissue regeneration.