高速激光切割机床数控加工态势识别系统

当前方法设计的系统对机床数控加工态势进行识别时,没有对噪声进行回放,对切割平面度、切割定位精度、机床平稳性进行识别时,识别结果不准确,存在识别准确率低的问题。该文提出高速激光切割机床数控加工态势识别系统设计方法,首先,通过运动控制卡,伺服控制模块及加工态势识别模块构成高速激光切割机床数控加工态势识别系统的架构;其次,在加工态势识别模块中设计系统初始化、态势识别、自动诊断报警、运动控制、图形转码和G代码编译等子模块,在此基础上,通过噪音采集、噪音回放和信号分析等方法提高加工态势识别的准确率;最后,采用HMM算法构建高速激光切割机床数控加工态势识别模型,实现加工态势识别。实验结果表明,加工态势设计方法设计的系统可有效识别机床的切割平面度、切割定位精度和机床平稳性,识别准确率较高。     

A radius compensation method of barrel tool based on macro variables in five-axis flank machining of sculptured surfaces

Barrel tool radius compensation is very important to improve the five-axis CNC machining precision and efficiency of sculptured surfaces. By combining macro variables and math function of CNC controller, a radius compensation method of barrel tool based on macro variables in five-axis flank machining of sculptured surfaces was presented. The basic principle of barrel tool radius compensation in five-axis flank machining was firstly investigated. For a specific five-axis CNC machine tool with dual rotary tables, a relationship equation between compensated cutter location (CL) data and machine control (MC) data could be derived. A post-processor with the function of five-axis barrel tool radius compensation was then developed by using the C++ language, which could generate the NC programme with macro variables of barrel tool radius compensation. Finally, the NC programme was obtained automatically by the developed post-processor for the aero-engine blade surface machining. The machining process was simulated on the software VERICUT, and machining experiments were also conducted on the five-axis machine tool. Both the simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed method could perform the function of barrel tool radius compensation in the NC programme for five-axis flank machining.     

基于状态空间模型的机床加工精度分析

伺服进给系统的机电耦合特性直接影响数控机床的加工精度，单独针对伺服系统或机械系统建立的模型不足以准确分析系统参数对机床整机加工精度的影响。因此，综合考虑机床伺服系统与机械结构之间的耦合关系，建立伺服进给系统机电耦合动力学模型具有重要意义。首先，为保证伺服进给系统建模精度，利用状态空间法建立了机床机电耦合状态空间方程。其次，建立了伺服进给系统机电耦合Simulink模型，在此基础上采用复合控制提高系统的响应速度和加工精度。随后，利用多体动力学软件建立机床进给系统的刚柔耦合动力学模型，添加摩擦、阻尼等非线性因素，并导入Simulink与伺服系统建立耦合关系。最终，建立了卧式加工中心伺服进给系统的刚柔-机电耦合仿真加工平台，通过模拟机床加工轨迹以验证机电耦合状态空间模型的可靠性。结果表明：该状态空间模型能准确描述系统内部参数和系统输入输出的耦合关系；采用复合控制结构能有效提高系统的响应速度和加工精度。研究结果为数控机床的仿真建模和提高加工精度提供理论依据，为机床机电系统的设计提供有效指导。     

Development of the Control System of V-groove Ultra-precision Machining Machine Tool

The control system of micro V-groove machining CNC machine was developed with Qt application tool.This paper described the micro V-groove processing technology,the control system hardware platform composed of " IPC+PMAC",and the CNC software for V-groove machining.The various functional modules in the software were developed on the platform of windows,and the part of motion control of the CNC software was programmed by calling PMAC’s motion control functions.To achieve a visual effect of the numerical control interface and obtain the real situation of the processing on ahead,an important simulation module was also completed by using QOpen GL.The system can effectively control the running of the machine and translate the NC code into 3-D image before processing,which is very helpful for actual production.     

基于Storm流处理的数控机床运行数据监测方法的设计与实现

针对目前数控机床运行数据种类多、数量大且难以实现实时处理的问题，提出一种基于Storm流处理技术的数控机床运行数据监测方法。该方法采用实时大数据计算框架Storm作为核心，通过外置传感器和数控系统通信协议获取数控机床运行数据。使用Kafka作为消息队列将机床运行数据上传给Storm，然后在Storm框架中进行数据统计、数据异常检测等实时分析业务，之后将分析结果存储于数据库中，并实现分析结果的可视化展示。在实际生产环境中对基于Storm流处理的监测方法进行测试，实验结果表明：该方法能够实现对数控机床运行数据的实时监测与处理，具有强实时计算能力、高扩展性的优点;并且在处理相对复杂的数控机床运行数据监测业务时，该方法的优势更显著。研究结果为数控机床运行数据监测提供了新思路，该监测方法具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

数控机床校准周期的合理确定

从具体实际出发,充分分析影响机床最终加工精度的诸多因素,应用田口方法科学合理地确定数控机床的最佳校准周期,保障机床加工过程的质量控制.     

用激光干涉仪检测双丝杠驱动加工中心的方法与评定

介绍了使用激光干涉仪检测双丝杠驱动加工中心时,选择测量轴线的有效位置,能够真实地反映加工中心轴线的运动定位状态;提出检测双丝杠驱动加工中心定位精度和重复定位精度的方法,通过调整激光干涉仪和位移镜组件的安装位置,获得数控机床及加工中心的检测精度,并根据自动采集获得的测量数据进行有效地补偿,以提高和恢复数控机床及加工中心的最佳定位精度.     

Intelligent tool path correction for improving profile accuracy in CNC turning

This paper presents the development of an intelligent predictive tool for improving the accuracy of parts produced on CNC turning centers. Actual dimensions and shape (form) produced on components during machining differ from the nominal dimensions commanded in the CNC program. These dimensional and form errors on parts depend on a variety of factors such as tool/work deflections, machine tool accuracy, machining conditions etc. These errors, if predicted, can be used to correct the ideal CNC code and thus improve the part accuracy in CNC machining. In the present work artificial neural networks are used to capture the complex relationship between the errors on the component and the input process conditions. Significant improvement in part accuracy has been obtained using the corrected CNC code during machining.     

Assessment of the effectiveness of a spindle power signal for tool condition monitoring in machining processes

Less expensive and ‘readily available’ process monitoring techniques are needed to be effective in industrial machining processes. Spindle motors on modern computer numerical control machine tools allow easy access to the monitoring of spindle power. Whilst a spindle power signal fulfils the requirements for simple process monitoring, such a signal can trigger ‘machine alarms’ when process malfunctions occur. Little analysis has been done to assess the sensitivity of a spindle power signal relative to interrupted/continuous cutting processes. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of a spindle power signal for tool condition monitoring in three machining processes: milling, drilling and turning. Based on cutting force/torque, the cutting power was calculated and a comparison between the theoretical cutting power and the spindle power signal was performed. Tool condition monitoring using spindle power could be successful in continuous machining processes (turning and drilling), while for discontinuous machining operations (milling), the spindle power signal showed reduced sensitivity to detect small uneven events such as chipping of one tooth. The results were used to define the sensitivity limitations when using a spindle power signal for tool condition monitoring on different computer numerical control machining centres where continuous and discontinuous machining operations are performed.     

Adaptive nonlinear tool path optimization for five-axis machining

Current tool path computation in the CAM algorithms approximates the surface by piecewise linear interpolation. In the case of three-axis machining on a CNC machine the tool will exactly reproduce this computed tool path. However in the case of five-axis simultaneous machining the real tool path on the CNC machine will not follow the linear approximation computed by the conventional CAM algorithm. A new CAM algorithm is proposed which approximates the surface to be machined by a piecewise curved approximation. This curve represents the real tool path followed on the five-axis machine. This piecewise curved approximation is further optimized by formulating the tool path computation as the generation of a grid based on a variational smoothness penalty function. This new algorithm considerably improves the accuracy and reduces the number of blocks and machining time.     

Real time process monitoring and adaptive control during CNC deep hole drilling

A system which enables unattended CNC machining with small diameter long twist drills is described. The system monitors the drilling thrust and torque and controls accordingly the machining parameters feed rate, spindle-speed and tool position in order to ensure safety of the tool and workpiece under high penetration rates during unattended machining. Other functions of the system include tool life monitoring based on feed force pattern and issuing of alarms, data acquisition and display, while its software structure allows for continuous expansion and improvement.     

大型数控车床进给伺服系统的建模与分析

针对某大型数控车床的横向进给伺服系统,建立了考虑摩擦和传动刚度的综合力学模型和数学模型。通过数值仿真分析了低速进给下静动摩擦力差值和传动刚度变化对工作台输出的影响,得出了工作台产生爬行运动的可能性条件。该型数控车床横向进给系统现场实验的结果验证了理论分析的合理性。所得结论为数控机床进给伺服系统的稳定性和加工精度的提高提供了研究基础。     

复合进给电解加工机床控制系统设计与测试

为解决航空制造领域复杂零件的加工难题，针对研制的复合进给电解加工机床，开发了基于PC（ personal computer，个人计算机）和PMAC（programmable multi-axles controller，可编程多轴控制器）运动控制卡的开放式数控系统。基于虚拟仪器技术及其开发环境LabVIEW平台，遵循模块化设计思路，采用ActiveX自动化技术和CLF (call library function，调用库函数)节点设计了复合进给电解加工机床控制系统的人机交互界面，通过调用PMAC运动控制卡中的服务程序PmacServer，实现上位机与PMAC运动控制卡之间的功能交互。为了验证该控制系统的可靠性和运行稳定性，使用激光干涉仪进行了实验测试。实验结果显示，该控制系统响应迅速，运行稳定，人机交互界面易于操作；机床运动误差控制在-5~5 μm内，重复定位误差小于2.3 μm，能够满足航空发动机叶片的电解加工精度要求。研究结果在电解加工领域具有重要工程应用价值，可以为新一代高性能电解加工机床的设计提供参考。     

Load spectra of CNC machine tools

Load spectra of CNC machine tools are described in this paper; 112 CNC machine tools have been traced for 3 years. Data including machining parameters and conditions, drawings and NC programs of parts, process cards and specifications of each individual CNC machine tool are gathered. A database containing this information is designed. The loads of CNC machine tools are calculated and the distribution parameters of loads are estimated. A fuzzy multicriteria comprehensive evaluation method is applied to evaluate the fitness of the distribution model. This methodology lays a foundation for the reliability designs of CNC machine tools. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A data acquisition system for machine tool condition monitoring. Part 2—some of the signals acquired

This paper presents some of the machine tool condition monitoring signals logged by the data acquisition system (DAS) designed and implemented as part of the European Union research project BREU-CT91–0463. Cause and effect relationships between machine components and signal features are highlighted, along with a demonstration of the suitability of vibration signal kurtosis as a measure of machine tool spindle bearing condition.     

切削颤振的在线监测与控制研究现状分析

切削颤振是切削过程中，工件和刀具之间自发产生的振荡，它严重影响机床加工性能。因此，多年来国内外学者针对切削颤振的机理、在线监测和在线控制进行了大量的研究。本文介绍了切削颤振在线监测与控制技术国内外研究现状，分析了现有方法的优缺点，总结了研究中存在的问题，展望了机床颤振的在线监测与控制技术的发展趋势。     

基于图像反馈的CNG车载瓶底加工刀具路径误差补偿技术

CNG车载瓶底部加工质量直接影响CNG车载瓶的安全运行.针对传统开放式数控机床的进刀方式造成加工原理误差,工件加工时的安装误差导致瓶底强度削弱等技术问题,将基于图像反馈的刀具路径误差补偿技术应用于CNG车载瓶底部加工组合机床的控制系统,构建基于图像反馈的模型,阐述了CNG车载瓶底加工刀具路径误差识别与补偿设计的算法和流...     

Synthesis of the measurement system on the machine tool

The design methodology of a 2½-dimensional measurement and inspection system realized on a machine tool using a touch trigger probe and measuring G codes is studied in this paper. The reliability of measuring results, the agility of measurement, and user friendliness are synthesized in the design process. Algorithms for calibration and compensation of measuring errors are proposed to ensure the measuring accuracy by using a laser interferometer and ring gauges. Classification of probing feedrates and a collision-check algorithm can reduce measuring time and implement stylus-fracture-free measurements. To improve the previous onmachine measurement processes, all functions required for measurement and inspection processes are constructed as measuring G codes with similar forms of machining G codes. The interactive measuring program generating tool, which can automatically generate measuring G codes, is developed and potted in a ROM of a CNC, and can be called to perform an operation by the CNC without interfacing with personal computers. The validity and effectiveness of the developed system are verified on a horizontal machining centre with a Fanuc 15MA.     

Unified representation of fixtures: clamping,locating and supporting elements in CNC manufacture

A CNC machining operation is the outcome of the application of the integrated capabilities of various resources within the CNC machining centre. Part fixtures, clamping and other location mechanisms are essential subsets of CNC machining resources. Today, various fixturing techniques and attachments available in the market allow manufacturers to enhance their production capability without buying expensive machine tools. This technology-rich fixturing domain is detached while representing and exchanging machine tool resource information for making manufacturing decisions. The research work in this article utilises the STEP-NC compliant unified manufacturing resource model (UMRM) for representing fixtures in conjunction with the parent CNC machining centre. Thus, UMRM is enhanced in this context to represent various fixtures such as universal vises, chucks, pallets and auxiliary rotary tables among others. The major contribution of this article is the application of the extension of the UMRM approach for representing fixturing domain, which allows generic modelling of fixtures and loading devices in addition to machine workpiece and process modelling. This would enable the stage of automated process planning and manufacturing. The universal approach in representing resource information allows the data to be utilised for making a wide variety of manufacturing decisions.     

Enhancement of accuracy of multi-axis machine tools through error measurement and compensation of errors using laser interferometry technique

The present era is witnessing advancement in digital electronics and microprocessor which enables manufacturing sector capable to produce complex components within small tolerance zone in the tune of nanometre and at one machining center. All motion control systems have some form of position feed back system fitted with the machine. Such systems are not generally accurate due to the errors in the positioning performance of the machine tool which will change over time to time due to wear, damage and environmental effects. The complex structure of multi-axis CNC machine tools produce an inaccuracy at the tool tip caused by kinematic parameter deviations resulting in manufacturing errors, assembly errors or quasi-static errors. Analysis of these errors using a laser measurement system provides the manufacturers a way to achieve better accuracy and hence higher quality output from these processes. In this communication, techniques to measure the linear positional errors of axes of CNC machine tools by a laser interferometer calibration system and accuracy enhancement using the data obtained from the calibration cycle by feeding into the machine’s controller with the help of linear error compensation package are discussed.