太阳能电池最大功率点跟踪技术研究

在太阳能LED路灯照明系统中,为了提高系统的整体效率,应实时检测太阳能电池的输出功率,保证太阳能电池始终工作在最大功率点上。文中介绍了太阳能电池的输出特性和最大功率点跟踪的原理,分析了常用的固定电压法、扰动观察法、电导增量法等跟踪方法。并针对传统算法中存在的跟踪速度慢、振荡现象等问题,提出了一种新的算法,将固定电压法和扰动观察法结合起来,利用两者各自的优势,实现快速跟踪,进一步提高太阳能电池的利用效率。     

基于模糊PID控制MPPT在光伏系统中的仿真研究

由于光伏电池在外界条件发生变化时,其输出特性也随之变化.为了提高光伏系统的效率,需要对其进行最大功率跟踪.针对光伏系统为非线性被控对象,以及存在不确定未知扰动的特性,采用模糊控制器实时调整PID控制器参数的模糊PID控制方法,将其运用到光伏系统中,以满足光伏系统的快速响应,有效消除光伏电池输出功率在最大功率点的振荡,减少能量损失.仿真结果证明,该控制器能快速、准确的跟踪光伏电池的最大功率点,减少稳态时振荡,提高光伏电池工作效率.     

基于ARH的太阳能发电控制系统的设计与实现

设计了基于ARM LPC2131的驱动系统,自动跟踪太阳光直射方向来提高光伏电池的效率,并采用了改进的步进式扰动观察算法来寻找太阳电池阵列的最大功率点,使系统在任何温度和日照条件下都能获得太阳电池的最大功率.实践证明,该系统精确地跟踪了各种情况下的太阳光变化,并将光伏电池的实际转换率提高到30%以上.     

最大功率跟踪控制在光伏系统中的应用

对最大功率跟踪控制中DC-DC变换器的原理和控制方法进行了实验研究,利用DC-DC转换电路和单片机控制系统实现最大功率点跟踪,使太阳电池始终保持最大功率输出;和普通的控制器相比增加输出功率5％～15％。     

基于扰动观察法的MPPT控制优化策略

为了提高光伏发电系统的充电效率,系统控制器采用高性能低功耗的ATmega16单片机为核心,通过调节PWM波占空比实时改变Buck变换器的输出电压,采用扰动观察法的MPPT控制策略,实现对光伏发电系统最大功率点的跟踪。针对扰动观察法跟踪过程中可能由于快速扰动导致功率振荡和误判的问题,系统对MPPT算法进行优化,并通过友好的人机界面实时显示最大功率曲线图。测试结果表明,该方法能够保证光伏发电系统快速、稳定、精确地跟踪最大功率点,提高了充电效率。     

基于DSP的改进蚁群二阶段MPPT控制器设计

针对局部阴影条件下光伏阵列输出效率低并且对最大功率点跟踪MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking)收敛速度慢的问题,设计出一种基于DSP的智能MPPT控制器,提出一种目标因子与过渡机制的改进蚁群全局寻优二阶段MPPT全局寻优算法作,引入目标导向因子避免盲目寻优,引入过渡机制而弥补寻优末期的振荡完成最大功率跟踪,通过仿真与实验的 分析表明,改进后的算法在光照突变时具有较快的响应速度和较高的跟踪精度,避免系统趋于稳定时的功率振荡,提高了系统效率。     

光伏电池的自适应占空比扰动MPPT算法研究

环境温度、光照强度和负载等因素对光伏电池的输出特性影响很大,为了提高光伏电池的工作效率,需要准确快速地跟踪光伏电池的最大功率点。在分析了光伏电池的输出特性的基础上,建立了光伏电池的仿真模型;针对传统爬山法的不足,采用了自适应占空比扰动法对最大功率点进行了跟踪控制。给出了上述两种算法的工作原理及设计过程。仿真结果表明:自适应占空比扰动算法跟踪迅速,减少了系统在最大功率点附近的振荡现象,提高了系统的跟踪速度和精度。     

应用于光伏发电系统的最大功率点跟踪控制器设计

为了提高光伏发电系统的效率和稳定性,从而有力促进可再生能源的推广,提出一种应用于光伏电池系统的最大功率点跟踪控制器。首先,对光伏电池系统进行Matlab/Simulink建模和仿真,并完成输出特性分析;然后,采用动态步长对最大功率点跟踪算法中的传统扰动观察法进行优化,以减少误判;最后,基于DSP TMS320F2812设计了控制器的硬件电路。实验结果显示,提出的最大功率点跟踪控制器具有更高的稳定性,有效地提高了太阳能的利用率。     

光伏发电LED照明的最大功率跟踪及控制技术研究

分析研究了太阳能电池、蓄电池和光伏发电的最大功率点跟踪控制技术,对太阳能LED照明控制驱动系统的高效可靠应用进行了分析,应用MPPT原理提高太阳能电池的能效和蓄电池的充放电管理,设计了太阳能光伏发电LED照明最大功率点跟踪控制系统电路,实现了光伏发电的最大功率跟踪和LED节能照明应用。     

基于双并联Boost电路的光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制方法

光伏电池的输出功率取决于外界环境（温度和光照条件）和负载状况,需采用最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）电路,才能使光伏电池始终输出最大功率,从而充分发挥光伏器件的光电转换效能.在比较了常用光伏发电系统控制的优缺点后,依据MPPT控制算法的基本工作原理,主电路采用双并联Boost电路,具有电压提升功能,并且能够提高DC-DC环节的额定功率和减小直流母线电压的纹波.针对传统扰动观察法存在的振荡和误判问题,提出了一种新型的基于双并联Boost电路的改进扰动观察法最大功率跟踪策略.在Matlab/Simulink下进行了建模与仿真,仿真结果表明,当外界环境发生变化时,系统能快速准确跟踪此变化,避免算法误判现象的发生,通过改变当前的负载阻抗,使之与光伏电池的输出阻抗等值相匹配采满足最大功率输出的要求,使系统始终工作在最大功率点处,并且在最大功率点处具有很好的稳态性能.最后通过实验验证了该算法的有效性.     

Novel maximum-power-point-tracking controller for photovoltaicenergy conversion system

A novel maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) controller for a photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system is presented. Using the slope of power versus voltage of a PV array, the proposed MPPT controller allows the conversion system to track the maximum power point very rapidly. As opposed to conventional two-stage designs, a single-stage configuration is implemented, resulting in size and weight reduction and increased efficiency. The proposed system acts as a solar generator on sunny days, in addition to working as an active power line conditioner on rainy days. Finally, computer simulations and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique     

A PSO‐based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems under environmental and partially shaded conditions

To increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, maximum power point (MPP) tracking of the solar arrays is needed. Solar arrays output power depends on the solar irradiance and temperature. Also the mismatch phenomenon caused by partial shade will affect the output power of solar systems and lead to the incorrect operation of conventional MPP tracker. Under partially shaded conditions, the solar array power–current characteristic has multiple maximum. This paper presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with particle swarm optimization method for PV systems under partially shaded condition. The performance of the proposed method is compared with perturb and observe (P&O), improved P&O, voltage‐based maximum power point tracking and current‐based maximum power point tracking algorithms, especially, under partially shaded condition. Simulation results confirm that proposed MPPT algorithm with high accuracy can track the peak power point under different insolation, temperature and partially shaded conditions, and it has the best performance in comparison with four mentioned MPPT algorithms. Also under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, the P&O algorithm is diverged. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A high-efficiency single-phase three-wire photovoltaic energy conversion system

A single-phase three-wire photovoltaic energy conversion system with single-stage structure using a novel maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is presented. An equivalent model of the proposed system is derived to analyze the characteristics of the system and to design the controller. Owing to the linear relation of the PV array parameters versus insolation, the model is easy to analyze. The proposed system employs a three-leg inverter to control the MPPT process, the line current, and neutral line current. A current-controlled MPPT algorithm controls the MPPT. A neutral line-mode controller maintains a utility neutral line current of zero. A line-mode controller controls the line current so as to provide power to the utility with a unity power factor. The proposed system acts as a solar generator on sunny days and functions as an active power filter on rainy days. Computer simulation and experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and the superior performance of the proposed technique.     

光伏电池MPPT扰动观察法的研究现状

为了提高太阳电池的利用率并降低系统成本,需要采用最大功率跟踪(MPPT)控制策略使光伏阵列获得最大功率输出。在众多的MPPT控制方法中,扰动观察法由于原理简单、易于实现而成为MPPT控制中应用和研究最为广泛的方法之一。但传统的扰动观察法在稳态下由于其固定的扰动步长会在最大功率点(MPP)附近形成振荡,并且当外界环境发生快速变化时会出现误判断的现象。为了克服以上不足,研究者们提出了很多改进方案。文章对这些改进方案进行了综述,这些改进方案主要包括以下三类:变步长的改进方法、改进的新方法以及与其他方法结合的扰动观察法。     

多路输入大功率LED智能驱动电路系统设计

采用单片机智能控制以实现由风、光、市电多路输入的大功率LED驱动电路设计。其中,风光发电互补系统实现了不同工作情况下的最大功率点跟踪控制策略,并以模拟的风光能源展示发电特性,完善了风光互补措施。蓄电池充电控制方案分段优化充电过程,以智能化操控实现能源的最大利用。从而实现了驱动电路整体最优性能的设计。     

A Variable Step Size INC MPPT Method for PV Systems

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are employed in photovoltaic (PV) systems to make full utilization of PV array output power which depends on solar irradiation and ambient temperature. Among all the MPPT strategies, the incremental conductance (INC) algorithm is widely used due to the high tracking accuracy at steady state and good adaptability to the rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. In this paper, a modified variable step size INC MPPT algorithm is proposed, which automatically adjusts the step size to track the PV array maximum power point. Compared with the conventional fixed step size method, the proposed approach can effectively improve the MPPT speed and accuracy simultaneously. Furthermore, it is simple and can be easily implemented in digital signal processors. A theoretical analysis and the design principle of the proposed method are provided and its feasibility is also verified by simulation and experimental results.     

基于变步长电导增量法MPPT的研究

光伏电池的输出功率与太阳辐射和环境温度变化,若不加以控制,将不会以最大功率输出。本文提出了一种变步长电导增量法,在光伏发电系统实现最大功率点跟踪。应用MATLAB建立光伏电池板的最大功率点跟踪变步长电导增量法的仿真模型并仿真。仿真结果表明,变步长电导增量法跟踪最大功率点效果良好,相比传统电导增量法,减弱了最大功率点附近振荡的情况,适合干快速变化的环境条件,具有良好的动态和稳态特性。     

Design and implementation of FPGA-based Taguchi-chaos-PSO sun tracking systems

The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based intelligent sun tracking system proposed in this paper uses an NI 9642 controller to integrate the dual-axis sun tracking system with a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), so as to effectively increase the output power of solar panels. Furthermore, it is provided with multiple intelligent functions, so that the system can start up the sun tracking function automatically in the daytime, and automatically return to its initial position at night. It has a delay function to reduce the electric power consumed by the motor in rotation. Moreover, it can be switched to dual-axis or one-axis sun tracking freely as required by the user, and the solar panel inclination can be operated directly. The dual-axis sun tracking system uses the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to look for the parameters of the PI controller. The Taguchi Method and Logistic Map are proposed to enhance the steady state convergence of PSO in seeking the optimal solution. The MPPT uses Fuzzy Logic to adjust the step length of the incremental conductance method, so as to remedy the defects in the traditional fixed step method, and to make the solar panel output reach the maximum power point position rapidly and stably.     

基于电流单参量控制的MPPT系统的设计

针对现有太阳能最大功率点跟踪控制策略的不足,提出了一种新型的最大功率点跟踪控制策略,即基于电流单参量的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)。首先阐述了该最大功率控制策略的基本原理与可行性,并重点描述了该最大功率点跟踪控制策略的系统设计与调试,其中侧重于系统核心设计:电流监控电路设计和基于纯CMOS数字电路硬件逻辑程序的步进PWM控制器设计,并且详细分析了其工作原理及元器件的选取。经调试与完善,该MPPT控制系统现已能实现最大功率点跟踪,同时显示出它区别于其他控制策略的优势。