钛合金表面激光熔覆技术的研究进展

金属表面激光熔覆技术是近年来发展起来的一种新型表面处理工艺.利用高能激光束对材料表面瞬间加热和熔池快速冷却的特性,在钛合金表面用激光熔覆一层陶瓷增强复合材料,能够显著提高钛合金的耐磨性能.简要阐述了金属表面激光熔覆工艺、钛合金表面激光熔覆技术及其在未来的发展方向.     

高性能梯度复合管制备及界面接合机理研究

本文研究了AlCrFe—FeCr—FeAl高性能梯度复合管中金属过渡层与金属基体接合界面组织结构，及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明：利用金属间化合物作为梯度过渡层，使得基体与内衬层形成牢固的冶金结合。使复合管的力学性能显著提高；同时，高硬度的金属过渡层与陶瓷层组成的双层复合结构，使得复合管的使用寿命显著延长。     

钛合金表面加弧辉光离子渗镍铬及其性能研究

采用加弧辉光离子渗金属新技术处理钛合金Ti5Al2.5Sn表面,研究了渗层的相组成特点,成分分布情况,评价了改性层的磨擦摩损性能,及与钛合金基体间的接触腐蚀相容性等。结果表明加弧辉光离子渗技术可以快速地在钛合金表面获得NiCr镀渗复合层。渗层由Ni3Ti等金属间化合物组成,其硬度、耐磨性能均高于离子注氮层,具有较高的抗含Cl^-1水溶液腐蚀性能,在含Cl^-1腐蚀环境中与钛合金基体接触相容。     

Electroless deposition of copper onto alumina sub-micronic powders and sintering

This work has been initiated in order to find new routes for the preparation of 3D interconnected ceramic–metal composites, usually obtained by direct metal oxidation or liquid infiltration of a ceramic preform. The system under investigation is the alumina–copper system. The key point of this new route was the preparation of very fine composite powders, which allowed the material to be densified by natural sintering. The first part of the presentation deals with the preparation of the composite powders, which was achieved using an electroless process. Influence of experimental parameters controlling the deposition of a copper layer on a sub-micronic alumina powder was investigated. The second part deals with the processing of the composite. A statistical design methodology was applied to determine the main parameters controlling the shrinkage. For some conditions, a new in situ Cu–CuAlO₂ composite is formed, which presents an interesting microstructure with CuAlO₂ acicular grains.     

热浸镀与微弧氧化复合处理20钢的表面性能

为提高舰船发动机排气管用20钢基材耐腐蚀等表面性能,采用热浸镀铝与微弧氧化技术复合处理形成铝-陶瓷复合层,采用显微硬度计、扫描电镜、多功能材料表面性能测试仪、电化学工作站等表征复合层显微硬度、耐磨、耐腐蚀和抗热震等表面性能。结果表明:复合层至基体间结构层硬度分布呈硬-软-硬-软的间断区域性分布特点;铝-陶瓷复合层的耐磨性优于铝镀层和20钢基体;与20钢基体相比,铝镀层和复合陶瓷层的全浸泡腐蚀失重值下降,腐蚀反应极化电阻增加,腐蚀电压增大,腐蚀电流密度减小,尤其是复合陶瓷层的耐腐蚀性显著提高,耐盐雾能力达1 000 h;陶瓷复合层在600℃下热震次数可达130次,层间界面结合紧密。     

陶瓷复合装甲优化设计及弹击后剩余弯曲强度

根据防护要求和防护机制,设计了一种C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲。在确保复合装甲面密度为44 kg/m²的前提下,以弹击后剩余弯曲强度为评价标准,以陶瓷板布置位置、各组成层厚度、泡沫金属中泡沫孔径尺寸为研究因素,设计了三因素三水平的正交模拟优化方案,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了子弹侵彻陶瓷靶板的过程及弹击损伤后复合装甲的弯曲实验过程,预测了剩余弯曲强度,并进行了结构优化。根据数值模拟结果制备陶瓷复合装甲试样,进行实弹打靶和弯曲实验以验证复合装甲试样剩余弯曲强度。结果表明,以MIL-A-46103E Ⅲ类2A级为防护标准,剩余弯曲强度最高的陶瓷复合装甲最优化结构形式为：陶瓷板厚度12 mm、陶瓷板做防弹面板、Al基复合泡沫孔径为4 mm+10 mm的混合;对剩余弯曲强度的主次影响因素排序为：陶瓷板厚度>陶瓷板布置位置>Al基复合泡沫孔径。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化-SiO2复合膜层的微观结构和耐蚀性

采用有机醇盐水解法制备SiO2溶胶,用浸溃-提拉制膜技术在AZ31B镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层表面制备SiO2膜层,研究了镁合金表面微弧氧化-SiO2复合膜层的微观结构和耐蚀性.结果表明:SiO2溶胶进入微弧氧化陶瓷层表面的微孔并形成了SiO2膜层;由微弧氧化陶瓷层和SiO2膜层组成的复合膜层的腐蚀电位比单一陶瓷层明显提高,...     

改进浸浆法制备氧化钛/多孔钛复合微滤膜

金属陶瓷复合膜以多孔金属为载体、多孔陶瓷为活性分离层,结合了陶瓷膜和金属膜的优点,具有良好的工业应用前景。采用改进浸浆法制备氧化钛/多孔钛复合微滤膜。将氧化钛粉体分散到氧化钛溶胶中作为制膜液,以提高制膜液在多孔金属支撑体表面的润湿性.结果表明,相同温度下溶胶的表面张力远小于水的表面张力,溶胶分散制膜液的表面张力也远小于水分散制膜液的表面张力.由此明显地改变了制膜液和支撑体的润湿性能,从而可以制备得到连续完整的膜层.由于溶胶粒子对粒径较大的氧化钛颗粒的烧结促进作用,使得膜层可以在较低的温度下烧结.在850℃下烧结的膜层平均孔径为0.31μm,且分布较窄.膜层表面完整无缺陷,与支撑体结合情况良好,膜层厚度约为17μm.膜层N2渗透通量为6.6×105L/(m2.h)(0.1 MPa).     

Simulation of high speed impact into ceramic composite systems using cohesive-law fracture model

A numerical study for the analysis of oblique metal/ceramic/metal three layer composite systems against a long-rod has been performed. The study was done using a three-dimensional dynamic program NET3D, which uses the finite element Lagrangian method with explicit time integration. To model the discrete nature for fracture and damage of brittle materials, we implemented cohesive-law fracture model with a node separation algorithm for the tensile failure and Mohr–Coulomb model for the compressive loading. A tetrahedral element implemented in the code provides more potential fracture surfaces than a hexahedral element. As a verification of the scheme, an oblique impact into the composite system was conducted and the calculated penetration depth and propagating crack paths were found to be in good agreement with experiment. Next a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations have been conduced to examine the ballistic performance of three layer composite systems. The residual velocity and residual length of the rod were computed for different plate thickness ratios of equal areal density. The impact velocities considered are 1.5, 1.8 and 2.2 km/s. The oblique angle of the plate is 0° and 45°. The optimum thickness ratios of ceramic to metal are very similar to those obtained from the previous experiment.     

Potentialunterstützte Herstellung von Metall‐Keramik‐Verbundschichten

Potential assisted fabrication of metal‐ceramic composite coatings A possibility to produce uniform metal‐ceramic composite coatings with a high content of ceramic particles up to 60 vol.% will be presented in this study. This method includes a combination of electrophoretic deposition and electrolytic deposition by several steps. A yttria‐stabilized zirconia coating (Tosoh TZ‐8Y) was first electrophoretically deposited on a ferritic steel plate and then sintered by 1100 °C to an open porous layer. In the next step nickel was electrodeposited into the pores of the layer. By a final annealing step it was possible to improve the bonding of the composit coating on the substrate by diffusion of the metal components.     

Influence of the thickness and area of NiCr/Ag electrodes on the characteristics of BaTiO3- ceramic based positive-temperature-coefficient thermistors

The electrical behaviour of commercial BaTiO3-based positive-temperature-coefficient (PTC) thermistors with NiCr/Ag electrodes was investigated by impedance analysis in the frequency domain. The contact resistance and thus the total resistance of the PTC increases with decreasing thickness as well as with decreasing area of the NiCr layer at constant Ag top layer. The increase in the total resistance in both cases is explained by the increase in the contact area of the Ag layer to the ceramic which is represented by a model. The Ag forms a blocking contact to the ceramic in contrast to the NiCr which shows an ohmic behaviour. Using our model, the electrode impedance contribution of very thin NiCr layers can be interpreted in terms of incomplete wetting of the ceramic surface by the NiCr metal during the deposition. Supplementary scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses have been used to study the structure of the electrode interface and the structure of the layers. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

A12O3陶瓷复合材料的研究进展

介绍了Al2O3陶瓷增韧技术和A12O3陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的研究进展,指出复合增韧是未来A12O3认陶瓷增韧技术的发展方向;金属表面自生Al2O3防护层技术是提高金属耐蚀性,降低成本的有效方法;三维网络Al2O3陶瓷/金属复合材料具有更优良的力学性能;仿生设计和计算机模拟技术是开发新型网络Al2O3陶瓷骨架的重要手...     

AZ31镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层表面Mg(OH)2膜层的制备及耐蚀性

采用不同浓度的NaOH溶液对AZ31镁合金微弧氧化(Micro-arc oxidation, MAO)陶瓷层进行水热处理, 研究了水热溶液浓度对MAO陶瓷层组织结构及耐蚀性能的影响, 探讨了水热成膜及膜层的腐蚀机理。研究结果表明：水热处理过程中MAO陶瓷层表面的MgO部分溶解, 释放出的Mg ²⁺与水热溶液中的OH ^-结合形成Mg(OH)₂纳米片沉淀在陶瓷层表面及孔洞内。随着水热溶液中NaOH浓度的增加, 水热处理过程中形成的Mg(OH)₂将MAO陶瓷层表面的孔洞及裂纹等固有缺陷闭合, 提高了膜层的致密性。电化学实验结果表明, MAO及水热复合处理所制备的Mg(OH)₂/MAO复合膜层比单一MAO陶瓷层具有更好的耐蚀性, 而且随着NaOH浓度的提高, Mg(OH)₂/MAO复合膜层的耐蚀性增强; 浸泡实验结果表明Mg(OH)₂/MAO复合膜层能为镁合金基体提供长久的腐蚀防护保护能力。     

激光裂解含二茂铁的聚硅氧烷制备SiOC(Fe)陶瓷涂层研究

激光裂解聚合物先驱体在金属表面制备性能优异的陶瓷涂层,解决了金属本身存在的耐磨防腐蚀性能不足的问题,已成为一种行之有效的方法。采用激光裂解含二茂铁的聚硅氧烷制备了SiOC(Fe)陶瓷涂层,采用电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS),分析了激光裂解含二茂铁的聚硅氧烷生成物的组成与结构,并初步研究了其裂解机理。结果表明:在激光作用下,含二茂铁的聚硅氧烷在激光裂解过程中会发生非平衡态的自由基化学反应,生成的陶瓷涂层主要由晶态的SiC、Fe_3C,非晶态的SiO_2、Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4以及C单质、C_6H_(18)OSi_2等物质组成,由二茂铁激光裂解生成的Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4、Fe_3C相对制备的陶瓷涂层孔隙具有填补作用。二茂铁质量分数越大,陶瓷涂层表面越平整致密,孔隙越少。     

Wear improvement of sol–gel silica coatings on A380/SiCp aluminium composite substrate by diode laser sintering

In this investigation, a high power diode laser (HPDL) was used to induce the microstructural refinement on the surface of a SiC particulate (SiCp) reinforced Al-based metal matrix composite (A380/SiC/20p) and, at the same time, to the sintering of a sol–gel ceramic layer deposited on the surface of the mentioned substrate. The purely inorganic silica ceramic coating was synthesised through the organic sol–gel route, using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as alkoxide precursor and the dip-coating as the deposition technique on the surface of the A380/SiC/20p composite. Optimisation of the laser parameters led to homogeneous and free of cracking coatings and also to the refinement of the surface microstructure of the substrate by means of the dissolution of the intermetallic precipitates, the decrease in the aluminium dendrites size and a better distribution of the silicon carbide particles. Unlubricated pin-on-disc wear tests confirmed the increase (89% in terms of specific wear rate drop) in the wear resistance of the coated substrates treated by the HPDL.     

镁合金表面Zn改性MgO复合陶瓷层的微弧氧化制备及其抗菌性能

微弧氧化膜层经功能元素改性后引起的表面非均匀结构限制了其进一步发展。本文通过聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)包覆的ZnO纳米颗粒,结合微弧氧化技术制备了表面均匀的Zn改性MgO复合陶瓷层(Zn/MgO-PDDA),系统研究了其微观组织结构、物相成分、亲水性、耐蚀性及抗菌性。结果表明,PDDA促进了Zn-O-P无定形沉积物的均匀生成,并改善了陶瓷层的致密性和孔隙率。尺寸更小、面积更大的沉积物赋予了陶瓷层更理想的亲水性。陶瓷层的耐蚀性得到显著提高：相比于非均匀的复合陶瓷层,Zn/MgO-PDDA的自腐蚀电流密度降低了1个数量级,电化学阻抗为0.01 Hz时|Z|提升了1个数量级。沉积物合理的表面分布促使陶瓷层的抗菌率提升至91.3%。因此,PDDA可有效促进微弧氧化层的均匀化制备并显著提升功能性陶瓷层的各项性能。     

SHS复合管FeNi合金过渡层接合界面结构及力学性能

采用离心分离自蔓延技术,制备出了一种新型的具有FeNi舍金过渡层的Fe-Cr-Ni-Al2O3金属间化合物梯度复舍管。研究分析了舍金过渡层与金属基体接舍界面组织结构。结果表明,梯度过渡层的组织形态为细小的柱状晶-胞状树枝晶-树枝状晶。结晶初期,界面处液态金属依附于半熔化状态基体金属的晶粒表面,以细小的柱状晶的形态沿径向向钢管中心联生生长,形成牢固的冶金结舍;梯度结构及树枝状交叉织构,提高了陶瓷内衬与基体的结合强度,使复合管内衬层具有良好的力学性能。     

纯铜表面火焰喷涂陶瓷/渗铝复合层及其性能

为提高铜部件的使用寿命,采用火焰涂技术,在铜基体表面先后喷涂中间铝层和表层陶瓷涂层,经加热扩散处理,制备成铜基陶瓷/渗铝复合涂层。用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、热震试验、腐蚀失重、耐磨检测等对复合涂层进行分析、研究。结果表明:复合涂层中有Cu1.05Zn0.95,Cu2TiZn等新相生成;复合涂层抗热震性能较单纯陶瓷涂层好,经920℃加热扩散处理的复合涂层热震次数达40次;复合涂层显著提高了纯铜基体的耐蚀性和耐磨性。     

APPLICATION OF HIPING-THICK CERAMIC COATINGS ONTO METALS

The demand for high performance in the combustion equipment used in the automobile and aerospace industries is creating renewed interest in the use of ceramic protective coatings on metal surfaces. Sometimes, thick coating layers are required as thermal barriers or for wear resistance and hardness. Although plasma spraying is one of the promising processes available for depositing thick ceramic coatings onto metal surfaces, the presence of porosity in the coating coupled with lack of corrosion resistance of the coated materials, and the generally low strengths of both the coating layer and the coating-matrix interface may limit the use of the process. HIP treatment of ceramic coatings allows one to obtain dense coatings and also to increase the interfacial bond strength. The present paper reviews the recent advances in the post-HIPing of ceramic coatings as well as the use of HIP for sinter-coating by which a ceramic powder compact is sintered and bonded simultaneously to a metal surface.     

碳化锆陶瓷复合材料的制备、显微组织与性能

碳化锆(ZrC)陶瓷复合材料具有熔点高、密度低、耐烧蚀的优点, 在超硬、航天防热、新能源等领域应用前景广阔。本文概述了ZrC金属陶瓷和复相陶瓷、纤维增强ZrC复合材料的制备方法。着重介绍了粉末烧结、先驱体转化、反应浸渗等工艺的应用, 并讨论了不同制备工艺下复合材料显微组织的特点。在总结两类材料力学性能和烧蚀性能的基础上, 分析了各自的影响因素, 并指出ZrC金属陶瓷和复相陶瓷韧性低, 纤维增强ZrC复合材料烧蚀层易剥落的问题。最后总结展望了ZrC陶瓷复合材料相关研究的发展趋势。