基于矩阵画像的金融时序数据预测方法

针对金融市场中机构交易对股票市场中的散户投资行为具有较强的误导性的现象,提出了一种基于机构交易行为影响的趋势预测方法。首先,利用时间序列的矩阵画像（MP）方法,以股票换手率数据为切入点,构建不同兴趣模式长度下的基于机构交易行为影响的换手率波动知识库;其次,确定待预测股票在兴趣模式长度取何值时的预测结果精确度高;最后,根据该兴趣模式长度下的知识库,预测在机构交易行为影响下的单支股票的波动趋势。为验证趋势预测新方法的可行性和准确性,将其与自回归滑动平均（ARMA）模型和长短时记忆（LSTM）网络这两种预测方法进行对比分析,运用均方根误差（RMSE）与平均绝对百分误差（MAPE）评价指标综合比较3种方法对70支股票的预测结果。实验结果分析表明,与ARMA模型和LSTM网络相比,在70支的股票价格趋势预测上,所提方法有80%以上的股票预测结果更准确。     

Stock linkage prediction based on optimized LSTM model

Stock linkage refers to the correlation or similar performance of two or more stocks in the stock market. The quantification of stock linkage relationship is the trend and difficulty of research in recent years. The study of stock linkage can dig out the potential relationship between stocks at a deeper level. At present, the existing research often only studies the linkage phenomenon from the perspective of the correlation or similarity of stock movement, and there is no unified and standard numerical index to effectively describe the degree of linkage phenomenon, which greatly hinders the progress of research. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to quantify the phenomenon of stock linkage, we analyze the correlation and morphological similarity of time series, and propose the combination of correlation coefficient and time weighted distance as the numerical expression of stock linkage for the first time, so as to realize the quantification of stock linkage. In addition, the parallel network structure of LSTM model is designed, and the automatic noise reduction encoder and wavelet transform module are added as the noise reduction processing layer, which effectively improves the prediction performance of LSTM model for stock market linkage numerical time series. Three different types of comparative experiments based on 2.309 million stock market sequences show that the proposed optimized LSTM model has more accurate prediction effect, and its RMSE error is 18.68% lower than the compared DB-LSTM model and 46.38% lower than SDAE-LSTM model.

     

基于模糊近似支持向量回归的股价预测研究

股价预测是投资策略形成和风险管理模型发展的基础。为了降低股价变化趋势中的噪声信息和投资者关于两种股价预测误差的不同偏好对股价预测的影响,提出了基于信噪比的模糊近似支持向量回归(FPSVR)的股价预测模型。首先构建信噪比输入变量,然后引入模糊隶属度和双边权重测量方法对支持向量回归(SVR)模型进行改进,最后借助沪深300成份股2008至2019年的股票时间序列日数据,按照股市的波动情况将其分为三个阶段(牛市、熊市、震荡市),并建立三个基准模型进行对比分析。研究结果表明:与三个基准模型相比,所提出的股价预测模型的预测误差最低;与原有的SVR模型相比,FPSVR模型可以更好地对处于牛市和震荡市阶段的股票时间序列进行股价预测。     

A hybrid evolutionary dynamic neural network for stock market trend analysis and prediction using unscented Kalman filter

Stock market prediction is of great interest to stock traders and investors due to high profit in trading the stocks. A successful stock buying/selling generally occurs near price trend turning point. Thus the prediction of stock market indices and its analysis are important to ascertain whether the next day's closing price would increase or decrease. This paper, therefore, presents a simple IIR filter based dynamic neural network (DNN) and an innovative optimized adaptive unscented Kalman filter for forecasting stock price indices of four different Indian stocks, namely the Bombay stock exchange (BSE), the IBM stock market, RIL stock market, and Oracle stock market. The weights of the dynamic neural information system are adjusted by four different learning strategies that include gradient calculation, unscented Kalman filter (UKF), differential evolution (DE), and a hybrid technique (DEUKF) by alternately executing the DE and UKF for a few generations. To improve the performance of both the UKF and DE algorithms, adaptation of certain parameters in both these algorithms has been presented in this paper. After predicting the stock price indices one day to one week ahead time horizon, the stock market trend has been analyzed using several important technical indicators like the moving average (MA), stochastic oscillators like K and D parameters, WMS%R (William indicator), etc. Extensive computer simulations are carried out with the four learning strategies for prediction of stock indices and the up or down trends of the indices. From the results it is observed that significant accuracy is achieved using the hybrid DEUKF algorithm in comparison to others that include only DE, UKF, and gradient descent technique in chronological order. Comparisons with some of the widely used neural networks (NNs) are also presented in the paper.     

基于时序超图卷积神经网络的股票趋势预测方法

传统的股票预测方法大多基于时间序列模型,忽视了股票之间复杂的关系,并且该关系往往超出成对连接,例如同行业板块内股票或者基金持仓多支股票.针对该问题,提出一种基于时序超图卷积神经网络(HGCN)的股价走势预测方法,根据金融投资事实构造超图模型以拟合股票之间的多元关系,该模型包括两大组件:门控循环单元(GRU)网络和超图卷...     

基于深度迁移学习的多尺度股票预测

股票市场不仅是上市公司的重要融资渠道,也是重要的投资市场,股票预测一直受到人们的关注。为了充分利用来自不同股票价格的信息,提高股票的预测效果,提出一种多尺度股票价格预测模型TL-EMD-LSTM-MA（TELM）。TELM模型通过经验模态分解将收盘价分解为多个时间尺度分量,不同时间尺度分量震荡频率不同,反映了不同的周期性信息;根据分量的震荡频率选择不同方法进行预测,高频分量利用深度迁移学习的方法训练堆叠LSTM,低频分量利用移动平均法进行预测;将所有分量的预测值相加作为收盘价的最终预测输出。通过深度迁移学习训练的堆叠LSTM,包含来自不同股票的信息,具备更多行业或市场的知识,能有效降低预测误差。利用移动平均法预测低频分量,更有效捕获股票的总体趋势。对中国A股市场内500支股票以及上证指数、深证成指等指数进行预测,结果表明,与其他模型相比,TELM预测误差最低,拟合优度最高。根据TELM预测的股票收盘价模拟股票交易过程,结果表明TELM投资风险低、收益高。     

Stock Trading Using RSPOP: A Novel Rough Set-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Approach

This paper investigates the method of forecasting stock price difference on artificially generated price series data using neuro-fuzzy systems and neural networks. As trading profits is more important to an investor than statistical performance, this paper proposes a novel rough set-based neuro-fuzzy stock trading decision model called stock trading using rough set-based pseudo outer-product (RSPOP) which synergizes the price difference forecast method with a forecast bottleneck free trading decision model. The proposed stock trading with forecast model uses the pseudo outer-product based fuzzy neural network using the compositional rule of inference [POPFNN-CRI(S)] with fuzzy rules identified using the RSPOP algorithm as the underlying predictor model and simple moving average trading rules in the stock trading decision model. Experimental results using the proposed stock trading with RSPOP forecast model on real world stock market data are presented. Trading profits in terms of portfolio end values obtained are benchmarked against stock trading with dynamic evolving neural-fuzzy inference system (DENFIS) forecast model, the stock trading without forecast model and the stock trading with ideal forecast model. Experimental results showed that the proposed model identified rules with greater interpretability and yielded significantly higher profits than the stock trading with DENFIS forecast model and the stock trading without forecast model.     

Modelling stock selection using ordered weighted averaging operator

The main objective of stock selection is to select a set of assets in the stock market with high‐expected returns. There are many financial variables that affect the performance of stock firms. This paper proposes a novel linear programming model based on the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator for identifying superior stocks without requiring the re‐ordering process. The paper first converts a stock selection problem into a preference voting system by considering two different perspectives: an investor perspective in which the goal is to select stocks with the highest return, and a creditor perspective in which the goal is to maximize the repayment ability. The OWA operator is then used to formulate a linear programming model for identifying superior stocks. The usefulness of the proposed method in this paper is shown through an application in the Tehran stock market.     

A Bayesian regularized artificial neural network for stock market forecasting

In this paper a Bayesian regularized artificial neural network is proposed as a novel method to forecast financial market behavior. Daily market prices and financial technical indicators are utilized as inputs to predict the one day future closing price of individual stocks. The prediction of stock price movement is generally considered to be a challenging and important task for financial time series analysis. The accurate prediction of stock price movements could play an important role in helping investors improve stock returns. The complexity in predicting these trends lies in the inherent noise and volatility in daily stock price movement. The Bayesian regularized network assigns a probabilistic nature to the network weights, allowing the network to automatically and optimally penalize excessively complex models. The proposed technique reduces the potential for overfitting and overtraining, improving the prediction quality and generalization of the network. Experiments were performed with Microsoft Corp. and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. stock to determine the effectiveness of the model. The results indicate that the proposed model performs as well as the more advanced models without the need for preprocessing of data, seasonality testing, or cycle analysis.     

AN ADAPTIVE EXPECTATION GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED ON ANFIS AND MULTINATIONAL STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY CAUSALITY FOR TAIEX FORECASTING

The stock market is a highly complex and dynamic system, and forecasting stock is complicated and difficult. Successful prediction of stock prices may promise attractive benefits; therefore, stock market forecasting is important and of great interest. The economy of Taiwan relies on international trade deeply and the fluctuations of international stock markets impact Taiwan's stock market to certain degree. It is practical to use the fluctuations of other stock markets as forecasting factors for forecasting on the Taiwan stock market. Further, stock market investors usually make short-term decisions based on recent price fluctuations, but most time series models use only the last period of stock price in forecasting. In this article, the proposed model uses the fluctuations of other national stock markets as forecasting factors and employs an expectation equation method whose parameters are optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA) joined with an adaptive network–based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to forecast the Taiwan stock index. To evaluate the forecasting performance, the proposed model is compared with Chen's model and Yu's model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model is superior to the listing methods (Chen's model and Yu's model) in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE).     

纠正学习策略下LightGBM-GRU模型的股票波动率预测

为提高传统智能算法进行时间序列预测时的精度和解决工程数据问题时的适应性,提出一种纠正学习策略。波动性广泛应用于金融领域,对股票的波动性进行预测具有重要的价值。由于股票价格的时间序列是非线性和非平稳的,预测股票市场波动成为时间序列预测中的难点。本文通过纠正学习策略进行仿真实验,设计出LightGBM-GRU模型,以LightGBM和GRU作为基模型和纠正器,预测3年内126只来自不同行业的股票在未来10 min的波动率,根据RMSPE、MAE、MSE、RMSE等指标表明：即使经典的效果比较好的集成学习模型,也能通过纠正学习策略同时提高精度和泛化能力。本文指出在算法富集和大数据的时代,智能算法的矛盾转变为智能算法通用性有限与工程问题多样性之间的矛盾,纠正学习策略可以为数据仿真提供新思路。     

基于灰关联理论和神经网络的价值预测方法

为了预测股票价格的短期走势,在预测算法中引进RBF神经网络,利用RBF神经网络具有唯一最佳逼近、无局部极小、学习速度快的特点,在预测股票行情时,能达到较高的精度。同时,为了优化RBF网络的输入参数结构,引入二次参数的概念,设计了基于灰关联理论的技术指标选择控制器,从众多的技术指标中选出部分最能反映股票近期趋势的指标,从而获得包含股市本质信息的低维输入,大幅度减少了运算量。最后,在综合两者优势的基础上构造了一种新型价值预测系统,该系统具有较快的运算速度和较高的预测精度。仿真实验表明,该方案是可行的。     

基于ANFIS的水净化过程控制仿真

针对水净化过程的不确定性,提出了将自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)应用于水净化过程。采用相应的自适应控制方法,完全摆脱了原始的依靠工人经验的传统控制方法。通过对ANFIS的训练及检验,并对水净化过程进行仿真研究表明,该自适应神经模糊控制器具有较高的控制精度,控制效果较好。采用自适应神经模糊控制器处理后的污水,可以满足更高的水质标准,表现出了自适应神经模糊推理系统在现代工业中应用的长处。     

Hybridizing nonlinear independent component analysis and support vector regression with particle swarm optimization for stock index forecasting

One of the major activities of financial firms and private investors is to predict future prices of stocks. However, stock index prediction is regarded as a challenging task of the prediction problem since the stock market is a complex, chaotic and nonlinear dynamic system. As stock markets are highly dynamic and exhibit wide variation, it may be more realistic and practical that assumed the stock index data are a nonlinear mixture data. In this study, a hybrid stock index prediction model by utilizing nonlinear independent component analysis (NLICA), support vector regression (SVR) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. In the proposed model, first, the NLICA is used to deal with the nonlinearity property of the stock index data. The proposed model utilizes NLICA to extract features from the observed stock index data. The features which can be used to represent underlying/hidden information of the data are then served as the inputs of SVR to build the stock index prediction model. Finally, PSO is applied to optimize the parameters of the SVR prediction model since the parameters of SVR must be carefully selected in establishing an effective and efficient SVR model. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, the closing indexes of the Taiwan stock exchange capitalization weighted stock index, Shanghai stock exchange composite index and Bombay stock exchange index are used as illustrative examples. Experimental results showed that the proposed hybrid stock index prediction method significantly outperforms the other six comparison models. It is an efficient and effective alternative for stock index forecasting.     

Application of VPRS model with enhanced threshold parameter selection mechanism to automatic stock market forecasting and portfolio selection

This study proposes a technique based upon Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) classification theory and related fuzzy theories for choosing an appropriate value of the Variable Precision Rough Set (VPRS) threshold parameter (β) when applied to the classification of continuous information systems. The VPRS model is then combined with a moving Average Autoregressive Exogenous (ARX) prediction model and Grey Systems theory to create an automatic stock market forecasting and portfolio selection mechanism. In the proposed mechanism, financial data are collected automatically every quarter and are input to an ARX prediction model to forecast the future trends of the collected data over the next quarter or half-year period. The forecast data are then reduced using a GM(1, N) model, classified using a FCM clustering algorithm, and then supplied to a VPRS classification module which selects appropriate investment stocks in accordance with a pre-determined set of decision-making rules. Finally, a grey relational analysis technique is employed to weight the selected stocks in such a way as to maximize the rate of return of the stock portfolio. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated using electronic stock data extracted from the financial database maintained by the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ). The portfolio results obtained using the proposed hybrid model are compared with those obtained using a Rough Set (RS) selection model. The effects of the number of attributes of the RS lower approximation set and VPRS β-lower approximation set on the classification are systematically examined and compared. Overall, the results show that the proposed stock forecasting and stock selection mechanism not only yields a greater number of selected stocks in the β-lower approximation set than in the RS approximation set, but also yields a greater rate of return.     

Maximum and minimum stock price forecasting of Brazilian power distribution companies based on artificial neural networks

Time series forecasting has been widely used to determine future prices of stocks, and the analysis and modeling of finance time series is an important task for guiding investors’ decisions and trades. Nonetheless, the prediction of prices by means of a time series is not trivial and it requires a thorough analysis of indexes, variables and other data. In addition, in a dynamic environment such as the stock market, the non-linearity of the time series is a pronounced characteristic, and this immediately affects the efficacy of stock price forecasts. Thus, this paper aims at proposing a methodology that forecasts the maximum and minimum day stock prices of three Brazilian power distribution companies, which are traded in the São Paulo Stock Exchange BM&FBovespa. When compared to the other papers already published in the literature, one of the main contributions and novelty of this paper is the forecast of the range of closing prices of Brazilian power distribution companies’ stocks. As a result of its application, investors may be able to define threshold values for their stock trades. Moreover, such a methodology may be of great interest to home brokers who do not possess ample knowledge to invest in such companies. The proposed methodology is based on the calculation of distinct features to be analysed by means of attribute selection, defining the most relevant attributes to predict the maximum and minimum day stock prices of each company. Then, the actual prediction was carried out by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which had their performances evaluated by means of Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) calculations. The proposed methodology for addressing the problem of prediction of maximum and minimum day stock prices for Brazilian distribution companies is effective. In addition, these results were only possible to be achieved due to the combined use of attribute selection by correlation analysis and ANNs.     

Stock trading with cycles: A financial application of ANFIS and reinforcement learning

Based on the principles of technical analysis, this paper proposes an artificial intelligence model, which employs the Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) supplemented by the use of reinforcement learning (RL) as a non-arbitrage algorithmic trading system. The novel intelligent trading system is capable of identifying a change in a primary trend for trading and investment decisions. It dynamically determines the periods for momentum and moving averages using the RL paradigm and also appropriately shifting the cycle using ANFIS-RL to address the delay in the predicted cycle. This is used as a proxy to determine the best point in time to go LONG and visa versa for SHORT. When this is coupled with a group of stocks, we derive a simple form of “riding the cycles – waves”. These are the derived features of the underlying stock movement. It provides a learning framework to trade on cycles. Initial experimental results are encouraging. Firstly, the proposed framework is able to outperform DENFIS and RSPOP in terms of true error and correlation. Secondly, based on the test trading with five US stocks, the proposed trading system is able to beat the market by about 50 percentage points over a period of 13 years.     

A GA-weighted ANFIS model based on multiple stock market volatility causality for TAIEX forecasting

Stock market forecasting is important and interesting, because the successful prediction of stock prices may promise attractive benefits. The economy of Taiwan relies on international trade deeply, and the fluctuations of international stock markets will impact Taiwan stock market. For this reason, it is a practical way to use the fluctuations of other stock markets as forecasting factors for forecasting the Taiwan stock market. In this paper, the proposed model uses the fluctuations of other national stock markets as forecasting factors and employs a genetic algorithm (GA) to refine the weights of rules joining in an ANFIS model to forecast the Taiwan stock index. To evaluate the forecasting performances, the proposed model is compared with four different models: Chen's model, Yu's model, Huarng's model, and the ANFIS model. The results indicate that the proposed model is superior to the listing methods in terms of the root mean squared error (RMSE).     

Efficient stock price prediction using a Self Evolving Recurrent Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System optimized through a Modified Differential Harmony Search Technique

This paper proposes a new Self Evolving Recurrent Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (SERNFIS) for efficient prediction of highly fluctuating and irregular financial time series data like stock market indices over varying time frames. The network is modeled including the first order Takagi Sugeno Kang (TSK) type fuzzy if then rules with two types of feedback loops. The recurrent structure in the proposed model comes from locally feeding the firing strength of the fuzzy rule back to itself and by including a few time delay components at the output layer. The novelty of the model is based on the fact that the internal temporal feedback loops and time delayed output feedback loops are used for further enhancing the prediction capability of traditional neuro-fuzzy system in handling more dynamic financial time series data. Another recurrent functional link artificial neural network (RCEFLANN) model is also presented for a comparative study. In the second part of the paper a modified differential harmony search (MDHS) technique is proposed for estimating the parameters of the model including the antecedent, consequent and feedback loop parameters. Experimental results obtained by implementing the model on two different stock market indices demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model compared to existing models for stock price prediction.     

Application of Optimistic and Pessimistic OWA and DEA Methods in Stock Selection

One of the main objectives of fund managers in financial service industry is to select superior stocks by analyzing financial ratios. This paper proposes a novel methodology for stock selection by integrating optimistic and pessimistic ordered weighted averaging (OWA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods. The paper first reveals the drawback of using the standard DEA models for stocks evaluation and then proposes a new method by using the OWA operator. Unlike the classical DEA, the proposed method in this paper does not involve the specification of inputs and outputs. The paper incorporates optimistic and pessimistic scenarios and generates interval OWA scores for all stocks. This is followed by using appropriate interval DEA models for selecting superior stocks. The proposed method in this paper is applied to identify high financial performance stocks in the Tehran stock market.