基于C／S结构的物资管理信息系统的设计与实现

文章介绍了基于C／S结构的物资管理信息系统在白银有色集团公司物资采购中的设计与实现。该管理信息系统实现了物资从请购→采购→入库→出库全流程的数字化、网络化管理,从而实现了对采购人员、供应商信息、物资价格信息以及物资采购全过程的维护和管理,并探讨了该物资采购信息管理系统的技术特点与特色。     

SAP与物采系统融合衔接流程设计

本文主要介绍了物采系统,重点分析了SAP与物采系统融合衔接中的问题,针对这些问题提出了相应的融合衔接设计了,解决了SAP与物采系统数据传递,从而形成了物资采购从谈价议价、招标、反向拍卖到产生采购订单付款一个完整科学管理信息流程,满足了物资采购管理和采购交易为一体的业务管理需求,为以后其他系统与SAP系统融合提供了借鉴意义。     

Procurement decision making mechanism of divisible goods based on multi-attribute auction

Multi-attribute auction enables negotiation on several attributes in addition to the price such as quality, quantity, time of delivery and service levels. Most of the existing multi-attribute auction mechanisms are designed by considering a unique good or indivisible multiple goods. This paper focuses on designing a multi-attribute auction mechanism for addressing the decision making problem of multi-attribute and multi-source procurement of a kind of homogeneous continuous divisible goods (such as coal, oil, electricity and gas). The suppliers’ optimal bidding strategies are discussed, and a bidding method named the minimum bid increment method is proposed to simulate the overall process of suppliers’ multiple rounds of bidding. Theoretical analysis shows that our auction mechanism is an efficient mechanism, and satisfies the incentive compatibility conditions and the individual rationality conditions. Moreover, a multi-attribute auction example about the steam coal procurement is given to show how to implement our multi-attribute auction mechanism.     

电力物资采购物流管理系统开发与应用

在当前电力网络建设的快速发展下,需要大量的电力物资来保障电网系统建设和运营的安全,传统的采购管理方式存在着方式单一,流程复杂,资源信息管理混乱,信息共享不及时等一系列问题,已不能满足电力系统对于物资管理中心的工作要求,亟需一套快捷高效的管理系统来提高电力物资管理中心的工作效率,保证电力系统的正常建设和运行,本文通过对电力物资采购物流存在的相关问题进行分析整理,采用云服务、Apache Cordova移动开发框架、Bootstrap前端框架和Vue用户界面渐进式框架等技术框架,介绍了一套电力物资采购物流管理系统的开发与应用过程,针对系统中涉及的不同模块进行了一一叙述,旨在为电力物资管理中心提供更加高效快捷的管理方式,为电力物资管理中心与供应商之间搭建工作信息共享平台,解决以往在电力物资采购物流过程中存在的相关问题。     

A multi-agent based system for e-procurement exception management

E-procurement has become an important function of enterprise information systems. The process of e-procurement includes the automatic definition of product requirements, search and selection for suppliers, negotiation and contracting with suppliers. However, the adoption of e-procurement encounters various uncertainties from internal and external environments, such as inventory failure, sharp increased demand, and delivery delay. In this paper, we propose a novel agent-based architecture for an e-procurement system in which agent technology is applied to deal with the internal and external uncertainties. Through the collaboration and interaction between different agents, the architecture that we propose can enhance the flexibility to handle unexpected exceptions, thus leading to agile procurement management. To valid the feasibility of our approach, a case study has been conducted to investigate how our agents collaborate to manage the inventory failure exception which occurs in restaurant e-procurement.     

工作流技术在政府采购系统中的应用

运用工作流技术。设计并实现一个政府采购协议供应商系统。该系统依据WFMC提出的“工作流参考模型”,对协议供应商的业务过程进行任务和角色的抽象,将政府采购中的协议供应商管理、商品信息管理、产品信息浏览和查询等通过工作流技术完美地整合到一起,大大提高了政府采购效率。     

Kombinatorische Auktionen in der betrieblichen Beschaffung

Combinatorial auctions are promising auction formats for industrial and public procurement. Potential advantages of using combinatorial auctions include decreased overall spend, low transaction costs for multi-item negotiations, fairness and market transparency for suppliers, as well as high allocative efficiency. A number of fundamental design considerations are relevant to the application of combinatorial auctions in procurement. In addition, procurement specialists need to consider several domain-specific requirements, such as additional side constraints as well as alternative multidimensional bid types.     

The construction of a collaborative framework in support of low carbon product design

Ideally, carbon information could be disclosed and reduced through the supply chain if a life cycle inventory is well conducted. However, in practice, it has been found through the observation of the past carbon footprint inventories of enterprises that owing to the limited cost and resources, most of these investigations were seldom comprehensively conducted and were not integrated with the existing internal management systems or information systems of the enterprises, but instead were conducted as a special project for target products. Also, most enterprises thought it was time-consuming to conduct these inventories (raw material suppliers, manufacturers, transporters, retailers, customers, and waste processors, numerous suppliers). The main purpose of this study is to construct a collaborative design framework to help enterprises collect and calculate products' carbon footprints in a readily and timely manner throughout the entire supply chain. In this research, a computer aided tool was used to integrate enterprises' internal systems with life cycle inventory database and to establish enterprises' GHGs bills of material system. These enterprises were provided with standard data collection forms and a search engine system based on life cycle assessment approaches. A case study on the implementation of the system is also illustrated.     

Dynamic supplier selection model under two-echelon supply network

With the rise in competition levels and rapid changes in customer preferences, companies feel the pressure to create an efficient and effective base of suppliers in order to achieve the competitive advantage for them. The selection parameters of suppliers do not remain constant with respect to time and moreover; with highly fluctuating market demand, the suppliers are also expected to respond to it dynamically. This paper addresses a specific dynamic supplier selection problem (DSSP) under a two-echelon supply network (TESN) for the decision maker to allocate optimum order quantities to different levels of suppliers. The problem here considers a TESN with an integrated approach where the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) selects the first-tier suppliers and in turn with their opinion decides for the second-tier suppliers. Second-tier suppliers supply raw materials/parts/components to the first-tier suppliers, and then the first-tier suppliers supply the fabricated semi-finished product to OEM. In order to solve such a kind of problem, a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) is proposed to minimize the Total Cost (TC) of procurement for satisfying the OEM's demand. The problem incorporates parameters relevant to supplier's capacity, lead time, quality level of products, and transportation costs as a function of lead time. The model is validated through two cases with randomly generated data, and sensitivity analysis is conducted through Taguchi method using LINGO 15. This method not only helps to check the robustness of the parameters involved but also to set their optimum level. The analysis shows a significant reduction in the TC of procurement and the effect of each parameter on the TC are finally identified. The methodology adopted here can be extended to other organizations.     

Kombinatorische Auktionen in der betrieblichen BeschaffungEine Analyse grundlegender Entwurfsprobleme – An Analysis of Design Problems in Combinatorial Procurement Auctions

Traditional auction mechanisms support price negotiations on a single item. The Internet allows for the exchange of much more complex offers in real-time. This is one of the reasons for much research on multidimensional auction mechanisms allowing negotiations on multiple items, multiple units, or multiple attributes of an item, as they can be regularly found in procurement. Combinatorial auctions, for example, enable suppliers to submit bids on bundles of items. A number of laboratory experiments has shown high allocative efficiency in markets with economies of scope. For suppliers it is easier to express cost savings due to bundling (e. g., decreased transportation or production costs). This can lead to significant savings in total cost of the procurement manager. Procurement negotiations exhibit a number of particularities:

It is often necessary to consider qualitative attributes or volume discounts in bundle bids. These complex bid types have not been sufficiently analyzed.

The winner determination problem requires the consideration of a number of additional business constraints, such as limits on the spend on a particular supplier or the number of suppliers.

Iterative combinatorial auctions have a number of advantages in practical applications, but they also lead to new problems in the determination of ask prices.

In this paper, we will discuss fundamental problems in the design of combinatorial auctions and the particularities of procurement applications. Reprint of an article from WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK 47(2)2005:126–134.     

Mechanism design for e-procurement auctions: On the efficacy of post-auction negotiation and quality effort incentives

Practical mechanisms for procurement involve bidding, negotiation, transfer payments and subsidies, and the possibility of verification of unobservable product and service quality. We model two proposed multi-stage procurement mechanisms. One focuses on the auction price that is established, and the other emphasizes price negotiation. Both also emphasize quality and offer incentives for the unobservable level of a supplier’s effort, while addressing the buyer’s satisfaction. Our results show that, with the appropriate incentive, which we will refer to as a qualityeffort bonus, the supplier will exert more effort to supply higher quality goods or services after winning the procurement auction. We also find that a mechanism incorporating price and quality negotiation improves the supply chain’s surplus and generates the possibility of Pareto optimal improvement in comparison to a mechanism that emphasizes the auction price only. From the buyer’s perspective though, either mechanism can dominate the other, depending on the circumstances of procurement. Thus, post-auction negotiation may not always be optimal for the buyer, although it always produces first-best goods or service quality outcomes. The buyer’s choice between mechanisms will be influenced by different values of the quality effort bonus. For managers in practice, our analysis shows that it is possible to simplify the optimization procedure by using a new approach for selecting the appropriate mechanism and determining what value of the incentive for the supplier makes sense.     

基于Multi-Agent的供应商选择系统

制造企业在网上采购进行商务谈判的第一阶段任务是选择供应商,该文运用Multi-Agent技术对该问题的自动化实现进行研究。设计基于Multi-Agent的供应商选择系统的总体结构、评价指标体系和评价方法,给出有关Agent的功能结构,在设计系统工作流程的基础上研制原型系统。制造商Agent通过改进的FIPA合同网协议获得各供应商的报价,采用AHP方法进行评价和选择。该方法可快速自动选择符合要求的供应商,为企业下一阶段谈判提供初始报价依据。     

A public procurement combinatorial auction mechanism with quality assignment

This article focuses on mechanism design for quality assignment combinatorial procurement auctions. We model how the participants can maximize social surplus, the difference between gross utility and total cost in electronic procurement, while selecting appropriate quality standards for the procured items. In typical forward combinatorial auctions, the goal is to maximize the sum of all buyers' valuations. In our setting, however, to achieve high buyer utility with low supplier cost, the selected quality levels for the procured items from the suppliers must exceed some predetermined minimum threshold. So the identification of capable suppliers and the corresponding quality assignments are crucial, since buyer utility and supplier cost will be affected by the buyer's quality choice. We develop a novel mechanism to balance the interests of buyers and sellers. Our proposed quality assignment Vickrey-Groves-Clarke (QA-VCG) mechanism is incentive-compatible, provides constraints on partial participation, and is efficient in quasi-linear preferences. In consideration of the perspective of the buyer as a government auctioneer, we also propose a revised mechanism to implement the goal of achieving minimal procurement costs, and appropriate benefits for participating suppliers. We provide a numerical illustration of our QA-VCG mechanism, and an extension that addresses an iterative combinatorial auction mechanism design in our context.     

Close-optimal production and procurement policy for a X-network of added value using lexicographic linear goal programming

One of the main challenges of operation managers of firms is to setup feasible production and procurement plans. This is also the case of more complex structures such as supply chains. In almost all firms, specific tools like ERPs are used to support managers in their decision-making tasks. These tools manipulate huge amount of data such as the order backlog, or technical, marketing, suppliers and customers data. They work often based on the MRP principles and suggest production and procurement plans after a sequential procedure which begins by the material requirements calculation followed by the load balancing process. Very often, the load balancing is under the control of managers who try to take account of implicit constraints that cannot be modelled easily. This is a difficult and often risky task because the managers do not know what the best solution of the planning and procurement problem is. In other words, there is a lack of a kind of “the best feasible production and procurement target”. The main idea of this article is to suggest a complementary method for planning based on a specific mathematical programming approach which provides plans considering simultaneously all material and capacity constraints over the entire planning horizon. These plans can be considered as that necessary closed optimal production and procurement target for a company or a supply chain which uses an MRP-based planning tool. The lexicographic linear goal programming provides a suitable multi-criteria modelling paradigm for the production and procurement planning problems, especially for the supply chains. The study is focused on a common supply chain structure formed by several suppliers on one side and several customers on the other, connected together by a business-to-business relationship over a rolling horizon. The structure is modelled thanks to the Petri Nets supporting the definition of the global problem model. The model is then applied to a study case extracting from the car assembly industry.     

Vertical collaboration in the semiconductor industry: A decision framework for supply chain relationships

Vertical collaboration problem focuses on integrating and modeling the decision problems of the suppliers and buyers together with the market intermediary by identifying the inefficiencies in the traditional marketplace and aligning the incentives of members in the e-marketplace. The present work develops and solves real life e-marketplace models for complex buyers–suppliers procurement problems by estimating the order quantities in the collaborated supply chain. The newsvendor framework considers demand to be independent of the selling price as is generally the case in the semiconductor industry supply chain dealing with techno-savvy customers. The vertical collaboration process would be more effective if the length of the planning horizon and order size is considered as a negotiation parameter between the buyer and supplier. It is observed that the supplier’s expected profit function increases with the buyers’ ordering quantity, which is important in characterizing the general structure of the collaboration scheme of the supply chain.     

基于博弈分析的电子商务自动协商系统

为提高基于拍卖机制的电子商务自动协商系统效率，该文以非合作博弈论为基础提出了基于博弈分析的自动协商Agent模型及基于拍卖机制和博弈分析的自动投标协商算法，实现了一个基于拍卖机制和博弈分析的电子商务自动协商原型系统，并应用在一个企业敏捷供应链管理系统中实现自动协商交易。     

敏捷供需链的管理与决策

信息时代,市场的环境是一种不断改变与不可预测的混沌环境．敏捷供需链管理与 决策支持系统（ASCMS）是将产、供、销过程进行集成,形成一个协同（Synergy）的整体（ Holism）,实现企业与突变市场的混沌同步的信息系统．及时地发现风险与冲突、科学地处 理风险与协调冲突是获取供需链效益的关键．本文在分析ASCMS的问题空间及功能体系结构 的基础上,建立了敏捷供需链的管理与决策模型,提出一种基于规则的敏捷供需链冲突协调 模式,分析讨论了用于协调敏捷供需链冲突的规则制定的依据,支持敏捷供需链中的冲突分 析与协调．     

电力企业供应商服务大厅增值税专用发票业务优化研究

为解决当前供应商大厅增值税业务办理时出现的业务办理等待时间长、服务质量下降、大厅超负荷运转以及业务人员压力大的问题。本文提出了一种依托“移动互联”和“大数据”技术的业务优化方案,将发票业务运作模式进行全面革新：首先,将纸质发票信息采集流程由线下转移到线上,发票信息采集由现场扫描变革为网上登记;然后,通过设定安全隔离网闸解决内外网安全问题,将登记的信息传到至ERP系统,业务人员通过内网ERP系统即可完成对发票的远程预验审;推出现场业务办理预约模式,利用大数据技术智能分析海量发票信息和ERP合同数据,科学设定预约量上限和时段,引导供应商有计划地办理业务。通过与国税系统直连,实现后台批量自动化认证。解决了当前供应商服务大厅增值税发票业务办理时的诸多难题,促进营商环境的优化。同时,与未来发票的全面电子化完成超前对接。     

An agent-oriented and knowledge-based system for strategic e-procurement

Abstract: This paper presents an agent‐oriented and knowledge‐based system (AOKBS) for strategic e‐procurement. The AOKBS has been designed to capture and leverage the knowledge of an enterprise to generate dynamic business rules by which an effective procurement strategy can be generated based on enterprise needs and the analysis of relevant market conditions. The performance and practices of the suppliers can also be evaluated and captured continuously, respectively, by the AOKBS. Artificial intelligence technologies such as case‐based reasoning and agent technology are incorporated for decision analysis. A prototype e‐procurement system has been built and implemented successfully with a multinational manufacturer.     

Supplier selection and supply quantity allocation of common and non-common parts with multiple criteria under multiple products

With limited capacity of suppliers, how to reduce the total operating cost of the enterprise by determining the most suitable production capacity allocation has become the major issue faced by various enterprises in producing multiple types of products. In addition, when manufacturing multiple types of products, due to the high demand of common and non-common parts, which is applicable to various products, enterprises will place special emphasis on the procurement of common and non-common parts, to select most suitable suppliers of parts with the highest quality and minimum time and costs, in order to cut down on operating costs of enterprises. This research first lists parts of various products through bill of material (BOM), and constructs an optimal mathematical model suitable for multi-phase products’ parts, in order to assess the assembling relationship of various parts; it makes use of the linkage among those to select the supplier of common and non-common parts when assessing multiple products. Then considering the limited production capacity of suppliers, it selects the best combination of suppliers of special common and non-common parts. To solve the optimal mathematical model, a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to find the acceptable results of the supply selection and quantity allocation problem. It then provides a benchmark for enterprise in current diversified market to purchase and assess common and non-common parts, and makes such benchmark a normal standard for selection of suppliers in the future.