A robust watermarking scheme using self-reference image

In this paper, a robust watermark scheme for copyright protection is proposed. By modifying the original image in transform domain and embedding a watermark in the difference values between the original image and its reference image, the proposed scheme overcomes the weak robustness problem of embedding a watermark in the spatial domain. Besides, the watermark extraction does not require the original image so it is more practical in real application. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides not only good image quality, but is also robust against various attacks, such as JPEG lossy compression, filtering and noise addition.     

A robust digital image watermarking technique using lifting wavelet transform and firefly algorithm

In this paper, an optimized and robust digital image watermarking technique based on lifting wavelet transform (LWT) and firefly algorithm is proposed. LWT is newer and faster generation of former wavelet transforms and firefly algorithm is an efficient optimizing algorithms. In current technique, base image decomposed by LWT into 4 sub bands then the first sub band separated into non overlapping blocks. After that blocks are sorted in order of descending based on standard derivation of each block. Selecting suitable blocks for special embedding process seems to be an optimization problem due to existence of a trade-off between imperceptibility and robustness. Firefly algorithm used to solve this trade-off while selecting primary blocks causes high robustness and low imperceptibility and vice versa. For improving security, Arnold transform applied to watermark and achieved scrambled image bits used as condition for embedding process. The proposed technique evaluated by variety of attacks like additive noise, average filter, median filter, sharpening filter and some other geometric and non-geometric attacks and experimental results showed its good imperceptibility and high robustness.     

一种自嵌入盲检测鲁棒数字水印算法

为了实现鲁棒水印算法的完全盲检测,提出一种自嵌入盲检测鲁棒数字水印算法。该算法对原始图像分块子图进行小波提升变换得到低频近似分量,对近似分量作非负矩阵分解得到可近似表示子块图像的基矩阵和系数矩阵;在此基础上将系数矩阵量化得到鲁棒水印序列,最后鲁棒水印序列自适应量化嵌入原始图像低频自带近似分量。实验结果表明,该方案对常见信号处理具有很强的鲁棒性,实现了鲁棒水印序列完全盲检测。     

A semi-fragile image watermarking algorithm with two-stage detection

The ability against the collage attack of semi-fragile watermarking is improved by embedding the watermark of a block in other blocks, but the tamper detection performance is impaired under general tampering. A two-stage detection method is proposed to improve the tamper detection performance of semi-fragile watermarking. For each 8 × 8 block, six-bit watermark data generated by the significant DCT (Discrete Cosine Transformation) coefficients are divided into two parts with the same length: general tampering watermark (GTW) and collage attack watermark (CAW). The GTW and CAW data of a block are embedded in the quantized DCT coefficients of itself and other blocks, respectively. In the first-stage detection, the general tampered regions are localized by the GTW data. To identify whether the collage attack exists in the received image, the identification parameter is defined by both GTW and CAW data. The selection of the predefined threshold of the identification parameter is derived and verified by the statistical experiments. If the identification parameter is larger than the given threshold, the second stage detection is performed to detect the collaged regions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed two-stage detection method is able to identify tampering with high probability under general tampering, collage attack and hybrid attack.     

Feature based robust watermarking using image normalization

This paper presents a robust watermarking scheme based on feature point detection and image normalization. Firstly some stable feature points are detected from the original image using the proposed multiresolution feature point detection filter. Then, image normalization is applied to the disks centered at these feature points. The watermark is embedded in the subband coefficients of DFT domain of each disk separately. And the watermark detection uses the correlation between the watermark embedding coefficients and the original watermark, and does not need the original image. The proposed scheme combines the advantages of feature point detection and image normalization, which can achieve strong robustness to signal processing and geometrical distortions. The experimental results also demonstrate good performance of the proposed scheme.     

Geometrically invariant image watermarking using SVR correction in NSCT domain

Based on the support vector regression (SVR) geometric distortions correction, we propose a robust image watermarking algorithm in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric attacks in this paper. Firstly, the NSCT is performed on original host image, and corresponding low-pass subband is selected for embedding watermark. Then, the selected low-pass subband is divided into small blocks. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host image by modulating the NSCT coefficients in small blocks. In digital watermark detecting procedure, the SVR geometrical distortions correction is utilized. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is invisible, and robust against common image processing and some geometrical attacks.     

A robust content based image watermarking using local invariant histogram

Desynchronization attack is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, which can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. Based on multi-scale SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) detector and local image histogram shape invariance, we propose a new content based image watermarking algorithm with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward desynchronization attacks in this paper. Firstly, the stable image feature points are extracted from the original host by using multi-scale SIFT detector, and the local feature regions (LFRs) are constructed adaptively according to the feature scale theory. Then, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is performed on the LFR, and the local image histogram is extracted from a selected DFT amplitude range. Finally, the bins of the histogram are divided into many groups, and the digital watermark is embedded into LFR by reassigning the number of DFT amplitudes in bin groups. By binding the watermark with the geometrically invariant image features, the watermark detection can be done without synchronization error. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as sharpening, noise adding, and JPEG compression, but also robust against the desynchronization attacks such as rotation, translation, scaling, row or column removal, and cropping.     

A secure and robust color image watermarking using nature-inspired intelligence

Neural Computing and Applications - The security of multimedia information is a prime concern in the present digital world. As a remedy, a robust color image watermarking in the transform domain...     

Novel robust image watermarking using difference correlation detector

This paper presents a robust digital image watermarking scheme based on subsampling and difference correlation. Four subimages are obtained from the host image by subsampling. A binary watermark is bit-wisely embedded in the DCT domain of two of the subimages selected by a secret key. The watermark is detected using coefficient difference correlation and does not need the original image. Since the subimages are highly correlated with each other, the proposed difference correlation detector has a better performance than a common coefficient correlation detection. Experimental results show good robustness of the proposed scheme.     

基于3D-DCT和SVD的鲁棒彩色图像水印算法

在数字图像水印领域,水印算法主要集中于灰度图像,且提出的大部分彩色图像水印算法往往仅在亮度分量或在彩色图像的每一通道中嵌入水印,未能充分利用彩色图像的冗余空间,影响了水印的透明性和鲁棒性。针对此问题,提出了一种新颖的基于三维离散余弦变换和奇异值分解的彩色图像水印算法。算法先对水印图像进行预处理和对彩色图像进行互不重叠的分块;其次对每一分块进行三维离散余弦变换;最后选择对三维离散余弦变换系数的第一分量进行奇异值分解。嵌入水印时,对三维离散余弦变换系数第一分量的最大奇异值和第二分量分别采用量化和关系的嵌入方法嵌入水印。提取水印时,分别采用量化和关系提取算法提取水印并进行比较,选取相似值高的水印图像作为最终提取的水印。实验结果表明,提出的算法具有较好透明性的同时,具有抵抗常规信号处理和模糊、扭曲及锐化等攻击的能力。     

An SVD-based image watermarking in wavelet domain using SVR and PSO

The paper presents a novel blind watermarking scheme for image copyright protection, which is developed in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and the support vector regression (SVR). Its embedding algorithm hides a watermark bit in the low–low (LL) subband of a target non-overlap block of the host image by modifying a coefficient of U component on SVD version of the block. A blind watermark-extraction is designed using a trained SVR to estimate original coefficients. Subsequently, the watermark bit can be computed using the watermarked coefficient and its corresponding estimate coefficient. Additionally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is further utilized to optimize the proposed scheme. Experimental results show the proposed scheme possesses significant improvements in both transparency and robustness, and is superior to existing methods under consideration here.     

A robust color image watermarking using local invariant significant bitplane histogram

Desynchronization attacks that cause displacement between embedding and detection are usually difficult for watermark to survive. It is a challenging work to design a robust image watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks, especially for color images. In this paper, we propose a robust color image watermarking approach based on local invariant significant bitplane histogram. The novelty of the proposed approach includes: 1) A fast and effective color image feature points detector is constructed, in which probability density and color invariance model are used; 2) The fully affine invariant local feature regions are built based on probability density Hessian matrix; and 3) The invariant significant bitplane histograms are introduced to embed digital watermark. The extensive experimental works are carried out on a color image set collected from Internet, and the preliminary results show that the proposed watermarking approach can survive numerous kinds of distortions, including common image processing operations and desynchronization attacks.     

改进的块差值无损鲁棒图像水印算法

为了解决目前基于块差值无损鲁棒水印算法的不足,提出了一种基于Huffman编码和K-means聚类的改进算法.对嵌入过程中产生的水印负载,利用Huffman编码进一步减少其大小,提高水印嵌入容量;对水印提取过程中,可能发生的1-bit区域和0-bit区域重合的问题,利用K-means聚类算法提高水印提取精确度.实验结果表明,与现有相关算法相比,文种算法在水印嵌入容量和鲁棒性上具有明显优势.     

自嵌入全盲鲁棒水印量化算法

为了提高图像水印的实用性,提出了一种自嵌入全盲鲁棒水印算法。首先,对原始图像进行DWT,将小波低频子带分成互不重叠的子块,对每个子块进行DCT,通过比较各个子块的直流系数与所有子块直流系数的均值之间的大小关系来产生特征水印序列,利用分段Logistic混沌序列对特征水印进行加密;然后,将加密后的特征水印序列通过奇偶量化规则自嵌入到原始图像小波低频子带每个子块的DCT低频系数中;最后,进行IDCT合成和IDWT产生含水印图像。该算法通过结合自嵌入加密的特征水印序列和盲提取认证水印序列达到全盲检测。实验结果表明,该算法对抵抗添加噪声、JPEG压缩及高斯低通滤波等常见的图像处理攻击均具有很强的鲁棒性。     

图像块的不可见性与鲁棒性均衡水印算法

目的 为协调水印算法不可见性与鲁棒性之间的矛盾,提高水印算法抵抗几何攻击的能力,提出一种图像块的不可见性与鲁棒性均衡水印算法。方法 将宿主图像分成互不重叠的图像块,利用人类视觉系统的掩蔽特性对每个图像块的纹理特征和边缘特征进行分析,选择掩蔽性好的图像块作为嵌入子块。对嵌入子块作2级离散小波变换,将其低频子带进行奇异值分解,通过修改U矩阵第1列元素间的大小关系嵌入Arnold置乱后的水印信息。在水印提取前,对几何失真含水印图像利用图像尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）特征点的坐标关系和尺度特征进行几何校正,恢复水印的同步性。结果 对标准灰度图像进行实验,含水印图像的峰值信噪比都可以达到44 dB以上。对含水印图像进行常规攻击和几何攻击,提取出的水印图像与原始水印图像的归一化互相关系数大部分都能达到0.99以上,说明该算法不仅具有良好的不可见性,对常见攻击和几何攻击都具有较强的鲁棒性。结论 选择掩蔽性好的图像块作为水印嵌入位置能够充分保证水印算法的不可见性,特别是水印提取前利用SIFT特征点具有旋转、缩放和平移不变性对几何失真含水印图像实现有效校正,提高了含水印图像抵抗几何攻击的能力,较好地协调水印算法不可见性与鲁棒性之间的矛盾。     

Toward robust logo watermarking using multiresolution image fusion principles

This paper presents a novel robust watermarking approach called FuseMark based on the principles of image fusion for copy protection or robust tagging applications. We consider the problem of logo watermarking in still images and employ multiresolution data fusion principles for watermark embedding and extraction. A human visual system model based on contrast sensitivity is incorporated to hide a higher energy hidden logo in salient image components. Watermark extraction involves both characterization of attacks and logo estimation using a rake-like receiver. Statistical analysis demonstrates how our extraction approach can be used for watermark detection applications to decrease the problem of false negative detection without increasing the false positive detection rate. Simulation results verify theoretical observations and demonstrate the practical performance of FuseMark.     

基于Schur分解和混沌置乱的彩色图像鲁棒水印算法

针对传统的彩色图像水印算法往往仅是将一个随机信号或二值图像嵌入到彩色载体图像中这一问题,结合混沌系统和Schur分解的优点,提出一种将彩色水印图像嵌入到彩色载体图像中的鲁棒水印算法.首先,对彩色水印图像进行Arnold置乱和混沌加密,提高了待嵌入彩色水印图像的安全性能;其次,将彩色载体图像分离成3个通道,每一通道被划分...     

A robust image watermarking scheme using Arnold transform and BP neural network

Neural Computing and Applications - The protection and authentication of multimedia contents and copyright have become a great concern in the fast-growing Internet environment. This paper presents...     

一种抗旋转、尺度和平移处理的图像水印算法

提出一种新的,能够抵抗旋转、尺度和平移处理的图像水印算法：直接在图像空间域中嵌入具有周期性和对称性的水印信号,其自相关函数中峰值点构成的峰值点阵图可作为几何处理参数估计的模板。使用霍夫变换从统计意义上对峰值点阵图中的噪声峰值点进行抑制,进而准确提取出峰值点阵图中具有最强方向的主轴方向用以估计旋转角度,并由与主轴方向平行的相邻直线间的距离估计尺度变换因子。实验结果表明：该算法对普通信号处理具有非常强的鲁棒性,且能够有效地抵抗小角度旋转、翻转、尺度和平移等几何处理。