Fault gear identification and classification using discrete wavelet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference

In this paper, an intelligent diagnosis for fault gear identification and classification based on vibration signal using discrete wavelet transform and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is presented. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technique plays one of the important roles for signal feature extraction in the proposed system. The abnormal transient signals will show in different decomposition levels and can be used to recognize the various faults by the DWT figure. However, many fault conditions are hard to inspect accurately by the naked eye. In the present study, the feature extraction method based on discrete wavelet transform with energy spectrum is proposed. The different order wavelets are considered to identify fault features accurately. The database is established by feature vectors of energy spectrum which are used as input pattern in the training and identification process. Furthermore, the ANFIS is proposed to identify and classify the fault gear positions and the gear fault conditions in the fault diagnosis system. The proposed ANFIS includes both the fuzzy logic qualitative approximation and the adaptive neural network capability. The experimental results verified that the proposed ANFIS has more possibilities in fault gear identification. The ANFIS achieved an accuracy identification rate which was more satisfactory than traditional vision inspection in the proposed system.     

Investigation of engine fault diagnosis using discrete wavelet transform and neural network

An investigation of a fault diagnostic technique for internal combustion engines using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and neural network is presented in this paper. Generally, sound emission signal serves as a promising alternative to the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in rotating machinery when the vibration signal is not available. Most of the conventional fault diagnosis techniques using sound emission and vibration signals are based on analyzing the signal amplitude in the time or frequency domain. Meanwhile, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) technique was developed for obtaining both time-domain and frequency-domain information. Unfortunately, the CWT technique is often operated over a longer computing time. In the present study, a DWT technique which is combined with a feature selection of energy spectrum and fault classification using neural network for analyzing fault signal is proposed for improving the shortcomings without losing its original property. The features of the sound emission signal at different resolution levels are extracted by multi-resolution analysis and Parseval’s theorem [Gaing, Z. L. (2004). Wavelet-based neural network for power disturbance recognition and classification. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 19, 1560–1568]. The algorithm is obtained from previous work by Daubechies [Daubechies, I. (1988). Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets. Communication on Pure and Applied Mathematics 41, 909–996.], the“db4”, “db8” and “db20” wavelet functions are adopted to perform the proposed DWT technique. Then, these features are used for fault recognition using a neural network. The experimental results indicated that the proposed system using the sound emission signal is effective and can be used for fault diagnosis of various engine operating conditions.     

基于双树复小波变换和GBDT的运动想象脑电识别

针对脑机接口研究中的脑电信号特征提取与分类问题,提出了一种基于双树复小波变换结合GBDT的想象左右手运动脑电识别的方法。该方法首先深入研究了双树复小波变换相比于小波包变换在脑电信号特征提取方面的优势并验证了ERD/ERS现象;实验数据采用了2003年国际脑机接口竞赛的标准数据集DataSetⅢ,然后,选取了4个典型的时间段进行实验对比,利用双树复小波变换分解与重构提取运动感知节律相关信号分量的能量均值作为特征进行GBDT分类。最后,实验取得了较好的分类准确度,验证了双树复小波变换结合GBDT的方法在脑电信号识别应用中的有效性。     

短丝纤维卷绕牵伸齿轮箱故障信号的图像特征提取方法

针对短丝纤维卷绕牵伸齿轮箱故障信号不易提取的问题,提出了基于图像纹理信息的特征提取方法。通过对齿轮箱振动信号进行小波包双谱分析,获得具有稳定纹理信息的振动信号双谱图,采用基于小波变换对双谱图进行图像融合,提高图像的综合纹理特征。采用灰度共生矩阵的四个特征参数对振动信号的双谱图进行加权融合特征提取。在短丝生产线上对齿轮箱常见的齿轮破损和裂纹进行了实验分析,结果表明本文方法的故障识别率达到85%以上。     

基于FFT-DWT提高MTD检测性能的仿真分析

针对快速傅里叶变换和离散小波变换（FFT-DWT）方法中的小波选取进行讨论,比较了FFT输出信号在不同小波的5种信号边界延拓模式下的处理增益（PG）值,得到了FFT-DWT方法中适应不同小波的最优边界延拓模式,分析了daubechies, symlets, coiflets, biorthogonal, reversebior和dmeyer小波在最优延拓模式下的PG值,得到了适应FFT/FFT-DWT的最优小波（Haar小波）.从简化设备的角度,提出了只用FFT-DWT进行处理的方法,并给出适应该方法的最优小波（零延拓模式下的db2小波）,比较了FFT/FFT-DWT方法和FFT-DWT方法在不同情况下的检测概率曲线,结果表明FFT-DWT方法在简化设备的同时保持了较好的检测性能.     

纺织品检测中的模式识别应用

将模式识别方法用于毛巾和纺织面料生产过程中的瑕点检测, 研究了模糊小波模式识别方法, 对毛巾生产过程的多种瑕点监测进行了算法分析和简要论述, 这种算法具有更强的实用性和鲁棒性. 又由于系统采用DSP实现, 使识别速度大大提高, 完全能满足实时性的要求.     

Precise wavelet for current signature in 3 IM

Induction motors, which are used worldwide as the “workhorse” in industrial applications, are intermittently subjected to faults, mainly the stator faults. In this paper, fault diagnostics of induction motor using current signature analysis, with wavelet transform, is treated as a pattern classification problem. The major steps in pattern classification are feature extraction, feature selection and classification. The feature extraction is done by wavelet transforms, using different wavelets which allow the use of long time intervals where there is precise low-frequency information, and shorter regions where there is precise high-frequency information. The extracted features are classified using the new generation pattern classification technique of Support Vector Machine (SVM) identification. Then the relative capability of the different wavelets, in performing the stator winding fault identification is analyzed and the best wavelet is selected.     

Spur bevel gearbox fault diagnosis using wavelet packet transform and rough set theory

The gearbox is an important component in industrial drives, providing safe and reliable operation for industrial production. Wavelet packet transform (WPT) analysis was used to extract fault features in the vibration signals generated by a gearbox. The extracted features from the WPT were used as input in a rough set (RS) for attribute reduction and then combined with a genetic algorithm to obtain global optimal attribute reduction results. The fault features gained after the attribute reductions were used to generate decision rules. The unknown gear status signal attributes were used as input to match the generated decision rules for fault diagnosis purposes. Gearbox vibration signals contain a significant amount of gear status information; a WPT has an acute portion-locked ability to extract attribute information from the vibration signals. However, WPT frequency aliasing would lead to the generation of spurious frequency components, affecting gear fault diagnosis. In this paper, we introduce an improved WPT to eliminate frequency aliasing, thus improving the accuracy of fault diagnosis. This paper studies the use of wavelet packet for feature extraction and the RS for classification; the results demonstrate that this method can accurately and reliably detect failure modes in a gearbox.     

神经皮质运动区功能定位的皮层慢电位小波分析

探讨皮质脑电中皮层慢电位小波分析用于术中神经皮质(运动区)功能定位的方法.利用离散db5小波对皮质脑电信号数据进行8层小波分解并重构各单子频带信号,提取运动事件相关皮层慢电位在运动事件发生前后的能量比(ERP指标)为特征量,并构造特定阈值进行分类,结果与相应手指弯曲运动数据比较,进行检测正确率分析.将试验采集数据分成训练和测试组,分别用于特征提取方法和分类器的设计和性能检测,进行检出正确率分析.以皮层慢电位信号的ERP指标为特征量,以1.6为阈值进行分类,其分类定位检出正确率达到84%.通过皮质(运动区)皮层慢电位的小波分析方法可以更有效地进行术中运动功能区皮质定位的特征提取和分类.     

A comparative study of Naïve Bayes classifier and Bayes net classifier for fault diagnosis of monoblock centrifugal pump using wavelet analysis

In most of the industries related to mechanical engineering, the usage of pumps is high. Hence, the system which takes care of the continuous running of the pump becomes essential. In this paper, a vibration based condition monitoring system is presented for monoblock centrifugal pumps as it plays relatively critical role in most of the industries. This approach has mainly three steps namely feature extraction, classification and comparison of classification. In spite of availability of different efficient algorithms for fault detection, the wavelet analysis for feature extraction and Naïve Bayes algorithm and Bayes net algorithm for classification is taken and compared. This paper presents the use of Naïve Bayes algorithm and Bayes net algorithm for fault diagnosis through discrete wavelet features extracted from vibration signals of good and faulty conditions of the components of centrifugal pump. The classification accuracies of different discrete wavelet families were calculated and compared to find the best wavelet for the fault diagnosis of the centrifugal pump.     

7500吨浮吊齿轮箱故障诊断系统的研究

针对7500吨浮吊齿轮箱故障诊断问题,将离散小波变换和Tikhonov支持向量机结合建立了一个浮吊齿轮箱故障诊断系统。在输入层对振动信号进行离散小波变换,提取不同频带的能量参数作为故障特征向量,利用这些特征向量进行Tikhonov支持向量机的学习,训练后的Tikhonov支持向量机诊断浮吊齿轮箱故障。实验结果表明,离散小波Tikhonov支持向量机具有很强的故障识别性能和鲁棒性,诊断精度优于常规的BP网络方法。     

Bark子波变换的改进及其在水声目标分类中的应用

该文在Bark子波的构造的基础上,提出一种改进的子波变换。该子波变换在Bark子波变换的非线性映射中引入伸缩尺度参数,以及改变Bark子波母函数的相关参数,实现了更为灵活的频域划分。然后基于改进的子波变换进行水声目标特征提取,及分类实验。实验表明,改进的子波变换提取特征的可分性优于Bark子波变换。     

An automotive generator fault diagnosis system using discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural network

This paper describes a fault diagnosis system for automotive generators using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and an artificial neural network. Conventional fault indications of automotive generators generally use an indicator to inform the driver when the charging system is malfunction. But this charge indicator tells only if the generator is normal or in a fault condition. In the present study, an automotive generator fault diagnosis system is developed and proposed for fault classification of different fault conditions. The proposed system consists of feature extraction using discrete wavelet analysis to reduce complexity of the feature vectors together with classification using the artificial neural network technique. In the output signal classification, both the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) are used to classify and compare the synthetic fault types in an experimental engine platform. The experimental results indicate that the proposed fault diagnosis is effective and can be used for automotive generators of various engine operating conditions.     

A new gear fault feature extraction method based on hybrid time–frequency analysis

Gear is one of the popular and important components in the rotary machinery transmission. Vibration monitoring is the common way to take gear feature extraction and fault diagnosis. The gear vibration signal collected in the running time often reflects the characteristics such as non-Gaussian and nonlinear, which is difficult in time domain or frequency domain analysis. This paper proposed a novel gear fault feature extraction method based on hybrid time–frequency analysis. This method combined the Mexican hat wavelet filter de-noise method and the auto term window method at the first time. This method can not only de-noise noise jamming in raw vibration signal, but also extract gear fault features effectively. The final experimental analysis proved the feasibility and the availability of this new method.     

New method for feature extraction based on fractal behavior

In this paper, a novel approach to feature extraction based on fractal theory is presented as a powerful technique in pattern recognition. This paper presents a new fractal feature that can be applied to extract the feature of two-dimensional objects. It is constructed by a hybrid feature extraction combining wavelet analysis, central projection transformation and fractal theory. New fractal feature and fractal signatures are reported. A multiresolution family of the wavelets is also used to compute information conserving micro-features. We employed a central projection method to reduce the dimensionality of the original input pattern. A wavelet transformation technique to transform the derived pattern into a set of sub-patterns. Its fractal dimension can readily be computed, and to use the fractal dimension as the feature vectors. Moreover, a modified fractal signature is also used to distinguish the distinct handwritten signatures. We expect that the proposed fractal method can also be used for improving the extraction and classification of features in pattern recognition.     

小波分析算法研究及在齿轮与滚动轴承故障诊断中应用

分析了齿轮与滚动轴承故障振动信号的特征,利用小波变换的分解和重构算法,有效地提取出齿轮与滚动轴承故障特征信号,得到实验结果.通过比较频谱分析和小波分析的特点,有效地证明了小波分析在微弱故障信号提取中的优势.     

基于离散小波变换和随机森林的轴承故障诊断研究

针对不同工况下数据特征选择困难和单一分类器在滚动轴承故障诊断中识别率较低等问题,提出了一种基于离散小波变换和随机森林相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用离散小波变换分解振动信号,得到n层近似系数;然后创新性地采用sigmoid熵构造出n维特征向量,sigmoid熵能较好地提取非平稳信号的特征,提高诊断准确率;最后采用随机森林对滚动轴承不同故障信号进行分类。实验采用西储凯斯大学轴承数据中心网站提供的轴承数据,与传统分类器(KNN和SVM)以及单个分类回归树CART进行对比分析,结果表明该方法具有更好的诊断效果。     

A neuro-wavelet based approach for diagnosing bearing defects

In recent years advanced signal processing techniques are used increasingly to excavate the nonstationary vibration signals and extract elemental-fault information. However, managing and analyzing a multicomponent signal mixed with background noise using only a single analysis tool is not a simple task and may lead to low diagnostic accuracy and a delayed diagnosis. This paper introduces a novel intelligent neuro-wavelet based system with high diagnostic accuracy based on nonrecursive variational mode decomposition (VMD) and wavelet-based neural network, which mainly consists of three steps (i.e. feature extraction (FE), dimension reduction (DR), and fault classification). Firstly, the vibration signals are segmented and processed by a novel nonrecursive VMD, which can decompose the nonstationary signals into a series of discrete modes adaptively, to extract informative features from vibration signals. Multi-Class generalized discriminant analysis is then used in the second step that aims to reduce the dimension of the feature set and improve the computational burden by selecting meaningful information and removing redundant features. In the next step, the obtained features vector is fed to a state-of-the-art hierarchical multi-resolution classifier, so-called wavelet neural network (WNN), which possesses the advantages of both wavelet transform and artificial neural networks for the decision-making. Additionally, to evaluate the information extraction capability of VMD, the subsequent DR method and the calculation accuracy of WNN, other state-of-the-art techniques are used in this work. In this regard, the superiority of the proposed approach is also confirmed through an experimental comparison with published works in the literature.     

Hilbert-小波变换的齿轮箱故障诊断*

采用希尔伯特—小波变换对振动加速度传感器获取的齿轮箱振动响应信号进行特性分析。利用小波变换分解获得振动响应信号的各层高频信号小波系数和低频信号小波系数,对小波系数进行重构获得具有不同特征时间尺度的各高频信号和低频信号;再对分解的信号进行希尔伯特变换获得时频信息谱以提取系统的统计特征信息,实现监测齿轮运转工作状态,及时发现齿轮的早期故障,提高机械运行的安全性。仿真研究结果表明,小波变换分解和希尔伯特边际谱方法在故障信息诊断方面是可行和有效的,提高了故障检测的可靠性。     

A new method for expert target recognition system: Genetic wavelet extreme learning machine (GAWELM)

In last year’s, the expert target recognition has been become very important topic in radar literature. In this study, a target recognition system is introduced for expert target recognition (ATR) using radar target echo signals of High Range Resolution (HRR) radars. This study includes a combination of an adaptive feature extraction and classification using optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. The features used in this study are extracted from radar target echo signals. Herein, a genetic wavelet extreme learning machine classifier model (GAWELM) is developed for expert target recognition. The GAWELM composes of three stages. These stages of GAWELM are genetic algorithm, wavelet analysis and extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier. In previous studies of radar target recognition have shown that the learning speed of feedforward networks is in general much slower than required and it has been a major disadvantage. There are two important causes. These are: (1) the slow gradient-based learning algorithms are commonly used to train neural networks, and (2) all the parameters of the networks are fixed iteratively by using such learning algorithms. In this paper, a new learning algorithm named extreme learning machine (ELM) for single-hidden layer feedforward networks (SLFNs) Ahern et al., 1989, Al-Otum and Al-Sowayan, 2011, Avci et al., 2005a, Avci et al., 2005b, Biswal et al., 2009, Frigui et al., in press, Cao et al., 2010, Guo et al., 2011, Famili et al., 1997, Han and Huang, 2006, Huang et al., 2011, Huang et al., 2006, Huang and Siew, 2005, Huang et al., 2009, Jiang et al., 2011, Kubrusly and Levan, 2009, Le et al., 2011, Lhermitte et al., in press, Martínez-Martínez et al., 2011, Matlab, 2011, Nelson et al., 2002, Nejad and Zakeri, 2011, Tabib et al., 2009, Tang et al., 2011, which randomly choose hidden nodes and analytically determines the output weights of SLFNs, to eliminate the these disadvantages of feedforward networks for expert target recognition area. Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) stage is used for obtaining the feature extraction method and finding the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. Herein, the optimal one of four variant feature extraction methods is obtained by using a genetic algorithm (GA). The four feature extraction methods proposed GAWELM model are discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete wavelet transform–short-time Fourier transform (DWT–STFT), discrete wavelet transform–Born–Jordan time–frequency transform (DWT–BJTFT), and discrete wavelet transform–Choi–Williams time–frequency transform (DWT–CWTFT). The discrete wavelet transform stage is performed for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain. The discrete wavelet transform stage includes discrete wavelet transform and calculating of discrete wavelet entropies. The extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier is performed for evaluating the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and classification of radar targets. The performance of the developed GAWELM expert radar target recognition system is examined by using noisy real radar target echo signals. The applications results of the developed GAWELM expert radar target recognition system show that this GAWELM system is effective in rating real radar target echo signals. The correct classification rate of this GAWELM system is about 90% for radar target types used in this study.