基于RS,GIS的长白同地区火山机构研究

以ＧＩＳ为工具，以ＲＳ、前人资料为信息源，建立火山机构信息系统，研究长白山地区线形构造与火山机构。区内火山作用与区域构造演化密切相关，火山机构受ＮＷ向构造控制，火山作用向稳定方向演化。     

基于RS、GIS的长白山地区火山机构研究

以 GIS为工具 ,以 RS、前人资料为信息源 ,建立火山机构信息系统 ,研究长白山地区线形构造与火山机构。区内火山作用与区域构造演化密切相关 ,火山机构受 NW向构造控制 ,火山作用向稳定方向演化。     

川藏公路灾害信息系统特征与实现

3S技术已成为地学数据获取、管理、可视化与分析的重要工具。川藏公路灾害信息系统综合了遥感技术、地理信息系统技术和数据库技术,在系统设计开发过程中妥善处理数据组织与维护、数据显示与分类、多专题信息提取、文档信息与地图信息紧密结合等重要环节,这些环节不只是川藏公路灾害信息系统中要解决的问题,也是诸多GIS应用软件的共同特征。川藏公路灾害信息系统的开发,实现了对川藏公路灾害信息管理与维护方便快捷、信息共享以及辅助研究人员对川藏公路沿线灾害进行研究与治理,并且可以将相关资料发布到网上供公众浏览。     

信息系统的核心——数据库技术

信息系统的核心——数据库技术□吕立（中科院沈阳计算技术研究所沈阳１１０００３）我们生活在信息时代，２１世纪将是信息革命的世纪。信息系统是提供信息，辅助人们对环境进行控制和进行决策的系统。数据库是信息系统的核心和基础，数据库技术是管理数据的一种方法，它...     

全国铁路灾害防治信息系统的研究与开发

安全铁路灾害防治信息系统是一个专业化的管理与决策信息系统，支持管理和决策者快速查询全国铁路资源、沿线社会经济及地理环境等情况，实现信息资源管理、铁路线安全性评估等方面的现代化，以及全国铁路灾害预防和治理工作决策科学化。本文探讨了全国铁路灾害防治信息系统的目标、基本结构、数据项及工要功能。     

自然灾害研究中遥感与地理信息系统

在自然灾害研究中,遥感以及地理信息系统发挥着重要作用。遥感系统以其高精度的识别,信息系统以其精确的数据库分析处理,对于自然灾害的应对都起到了重要的作用。当然目前应用中,仍然存在着部分问题,如输入效果、应用的数学方法以及损失估算的精确度等都是需要改进的问题。遥感作用于地质灾害的预判以及搜救处理,可以对灾害的全过程进行监督;地理信息系统运用则主要通过数据库等进行灾害的分类,进而建立模型以更好地处理灾害,也可以进行实时的监测工作。     

数据挖掘技术应用于职教学院信息系统设计探索

随着职业教育不断发展，完善信息系统的建设对职业学院具有重要意义。探索通过充分利用各个部门和系统分散、无关联的数据，设计高职学院下属专业学院的信息系统，把数据挖掘技术应用于该信息系统，从而实现信息系统的决策功能。完整的设计过程包括该信息系统的需求分析，信息系统的设计。具体设计包括确定信息需求，进行信息的采集和加工；利用SQL Server进行数据库的设计，数据库中包含学院的各个基础信息；系统登录功能的设计；系统决策功能的设计。设计为后续数据挖掘技术在系统中实现提供充分的准备。     

行摄云南黎明之城

继2012年7月OM—D系列E—M5长白山火山地质实拍测试之后,本次奥林巴斯借旗下推出新品×Z-2之机,再邀影像类媒体人员体验云南火山地质环境区域实拍。从东北长白山到西南腾冲原始森林,一样的潮湿气候,一样的多变环境,一样的品牌却是不一样的机型及市场定位,小小的卡片机硬要与微型单电相比试,XZ-2想证明怎样的一个自己？     

设备管理信息系统的设计与开发

本文结合开发设备管理信息系统的实践，分析了设备管理信息系统的功能和特点，利用网络技术和数据库技术设计了适合用户要求的数据库系统，并对实施方案进行了讨论。     

敏捷信息系统的触发机制研究

基于传统数据库技术的传统信息系统已经越来越难以满足现代应用需求。随着现代数据库技术的不断深入研究，开发基于现代数据库技术的敏捷信息系统已成为可能。本文分析了传统信息系统的应用现状及不足；介绍了敏捷信息系统的体系结构，并就其触发机制的一般模型、执行模型和触发事务调度问题作了粗浅的探讨。     

Pattern recognition of volcanic tremor data on Mt. Etna (Italy) with KKAnalysis—A software program for unsupervised classification

Continuous seismic monitoring plays a key role in the surveillance of the Mt. Etna volcano. Besides earthquakes, which often herald eruptive episodes, the persistent background signal, known as volcanic tremor, provides important information on the volcano status. Changes in the regimes of activity are usually concurrent with variations in tremor characteristics. As continuous recording leads rapidly to the accumulation of large amounts of data, parameter extraction and automated processing become crucial. We propose techniques of unsupervised classification and present a software, named KKAnalysis, developed for this purpose. Essentials of KKAnalysis are demonstrated on tremor data recorded on Mt. Etna during various states of volcanic activity encountered in 2007 and 2008. KKAnalysis is based on MATLAB and combines various unsupervised pattern recognition techniques, in particular self-organizing maps (SOM) and cluster analysis. An early software version was successfully applied to seismic signals recorded on Mt. Etna during the eruption in 2001. Since each situation may require different configurations, we designed KKAnalysis with a specific GUI allowing users to easily modify parameters. All results are given graphically, in screen plots and metafiles (MATLAB and TIF format), as well as in alphanumeric form. The synoptic visualization of results from SOM and cluster analysis facilitates an immediate inspection. The potential of this representation is demonstrated by focusing on data recorded during a flank eruption on May 13, 2008. Changes of tremor characteristics can be clearly identified at a very early stage, well before enhanced volcanic activity becomes visible in the time series. At the same time, data reduction to less than 1% of the original amount is achieved, which facilitates interpretation and storage of the essential information. Running the program in a typical configuration requires computing time less than 1 min, allowing an on-line application for early warning purposes at INGV-Sezione di Catania.     

利用修正指数分布描述长白山阔叶异龄林的林分结构

以长白山阔叶林三类清查资料为依据，采用修正指数分布式拟合并预测林分的直径分布。结果表明：随着林分平均直径的增大，林分偏度和峭度逐渐变小，直径分布形状也发生变化。该项研究为预估该类林分各径阶的株数、制定合理的经营措施提供了理论依据。     

Thermal imaging of Nisyros volcano (Aegean Sea) using ASTER data: estimation of radiative heat flux

A time series of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images (AST08) have been processed to allow radiative heat flux estimations of the Nisyros volcano. ASTER night-time images were acquired on four different dates: 7 April 2001, 13 June 2002, 26 October 2002 and 23 July 2005. The results show a steady state energy release with heat fluxes ranging from 15 to 30 W m^?2 over the craters of Kaminakia, Polyvotis and Stefanos, respectively. It is suggested that this range of values indicates a background heat flux of this volcano following the unrest of 1995–1997, and that the volcano has entered again into the quiet phase. Also, on the basis of the average spatial extent of the thermal anomaly a total radiative heat flux of 36 MW was estimated at the moment of ASTER overpass. Heat flux values for Nisyros are in good agreement with other published estimates derived from low-temperature fumarolic volcanoes (Stromboli and Vulcano, Italy) using Landsat TM data. It is also evidenced that the ASTER radiometer can be used as an important imaging tool for the monitoring of geophysical properties associated to volcanic activity, as is the volcanic heat flux.     

Eruptive history of Dubbi volcano,northeast Afar (Eritrea), revealed by optical and SAR image interpretation

A study of the remote Dubbi volcano, located in the northeastern part of the Afar triangle, Eritrea, was carried out using JERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. It investigated the last known eruption of Dubbi volcano in 1861, the only volcano in Afar for which historical reports indicate a major explosive eruption. Various image processing techniques were tested and compared in order to map different volcanic units, including effusive and explosive products. Principal component analysis and optical-SAR fusion were found to be useful to determine the extent of the 1861 pumice deposits surrounding the volcano. SAR imagery revealed old lava flows buried below tephra deposits, emphasizing the ground penetrating property of the L-band (HH polarization). The interpretation obtained from satellite imagery was cross-checked with sparse historical testimonies and available ground-truth data. Two scenarios are proposed for the 1861 eruptive sequences in order to estimate the volumes of lava flows erupted and the timing of explosive and effusive activity. Identified as a bimodal basaltic-trachytic eruption, with a minimum volume of 1.2 km³ of hawaiite lava and a minimum area of 70 km² of trachytic pumice, it represents the largest known historic eruption in the Afar triangle. This paper raises the issue of the potential volcanic hazards posed by Dubbi, which concern both the local population and the maritime traffic using the strategic route of the Red Sea.     

信息系统灾难恢复体系结构

灾难备份与恢复技术能够充分保证灾难发生时,信息系统仍能正常工作,目前已成为信息安全领域一个备受瞩目的研究方向。本文参考IBM公司SHARE78的7个灾难恢复等级,将灾难恢复系统分为数据级、系统级和应用级3个层次。根据这种层次划分,重新合理地定义了9个灾难恢复等级,并对各个等级详细地给出了定性的说明和定量的规定。本文提出了信息系统的灾难恢复体系结构,并用三维模型描述了灾难恢复指标、备份与恢复技术和灾难恢复计划与措施之间的关系,从而为信息系统的灾难恢复提供了一个完整的框架和解决方案。     

A LiDAR survey of Stromboli volcano (Italy): Digital elevation model-based geomorphology and intensity analysis

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a novel and very useful active remote sensing system which can be used to directly identify geomorphological features as well as the properties of materials on the ground surface. In this work, LiDAR data were applied to the study of the Stromboli volcano in Italy. LiDAR data points, collected during a survey in October 2005, were used to generate a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a calibrated intensity map of the ground surface. The DEM, derived maps and topographic cross-sections were used to complete a geomorphological analysis of Stromboli, which led to the identification of four main geomorphological domains linked to major volcanic cycles. Moreover, we investigated and documented the potential of LiDAR intensity data for distinguishing and characterizing different volcanic products, such as fallout deposits, epiclastic sediments and lava flows.     

图层约束下的点状自然灾害风险地图综合

点状自然灾害现象如地震、滑坡等,由于其特殊性,灾害风险与其周边的地理环境有着复杂的联系和相互作用,孕灾环境对灾情具有放大或缩小的效应,在制图综合过程中,不能只考虑单个灾害点个体,而因将与之相关的各因素综合考虑,从而判定其风险范围。基于此,在地理学与地图学的基础上,从灾害系统的角度考虑,探讨基于图层约束(LC)和模糊推理系统(FIS)相结合的点状现象自动综合的适用性问题,重点阐述基于图层约束理论和FIS算法相结合的滑坡灾害自动综合技术,并以滑坡灾害为例,构建了基于滑坡灾害程度区划、地形坡度、地貌区划、地震长期烈度区划、年暴雨日数、年均降水量等为约束图层的自动综合应用;通过多尺度综合分析结果表明,中国存在三大重点滑坡区:即青藏高原东部斜坡带、黄土高原滑坡区和太行山东麓、巫山、武陵山脉一线滑坡带。本研究为多尺度、多图层约束下的自然灾害风险地图自动综合提供了一种有效途径,同时对不同区域尺度下的灾害风险管理提供了更高效、更准确的决策支持和技术支撑。     

基于移动互联网和物联网的防灾信息系统设计

信息化是提升灾害防治水平的有效手段之一,本文针对水利,地质等自然灾害防治部门,结合当前防灾的信息化建设需求,基于3G、移动互联网和物联网技术,设计了智慧防灾信息化系统,该系统以应急防灾的智能化调度、协同指挥、综合发布和群测群防为切入点,结合灾害应急和防治的业务流程,提供智能化信息交互和信息发布平台,在灾情管理、灾害应对、应急调度和评估反馈等各项工作中发挥重要作用,提升防灾减灾的科学性和主动性。     

Plumes of discolored water of volcanic origin and possible implications for algal communities. The case of the Home Reef eruption of 2006 (Tonga, Southwest Pacific Ocean)

The Home Reef volcano (Tonga, Southwest Pacific Ocean) erupted in August 2006. Initially a submarine eruption it quickly evolved into a subaerial event upon the formation of an ephemeral island.Remote sensing data from different sensors including MODIS, ASTER, EO-1 ALI and Landsat-7 ETM+ were used to analyze the event, focusing on the plumes of discolored water, ocean chlorophyll-a concentration (OCC) and sea surface temperature.An early classification system for the plumes was devised based on spectral properties and point of origin. Plumes originated at the volcano were named Type-I and those associated to the pumice rafts Type-II.Anomalies in ocean chlorophyll-a concentration, measured using MODIS data, were analyzed and a large bloom, presumably dominated by Trichodesmium sp. was identified. The bloom, which contributed to OCC values 17 times higher than the background, was spatially and temporally coincident with a Type-I plume of discolored water. The OCC increase appears to have been caused by a combined effect of both ocean fertilizations by the subsurface volcanic plume and rising sea surface temperatures.The Home Reef event offers a good candidate for a case of ocean enrichment by a submarine volcano and highlights the need for continuous monitoring of the eruptions even after the end of the explosive, more spectacular stages.     

A lava flow simulation model for the development of volcanic hazard maps for Mount Etna (Italy)

Volcanic hazard assessment is of paramount importance for the safeguard of the resources exposed to volcanic hazards. In the paper we present ELFM, a lava flow simulation model for the evaluation of the lava flow hazard on Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy), the most important active volcano in Europe. The major contributions of the paper are: (a) a detailed specification of the lava flow simulation model and the specification of an algorithm implementing it; (b) the definition of a methodological framework for applying the model to the specific volcano. For what concerns the former issue, we propose an extended version of an existing stochastic model that has been applied so far only to the assessment of the volcanic hazard on Lanzarote and Tenerife (Canary Islands). Concerning the methodological framework, we claim model validation is definitely needed for assessing the effectiveness of the lava flow simulation model. To that extent a strategy has been devised for the generation of simulation experiments and evaluation of their outcomes.