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1.
Geometrical isomers of methyl linoleate were reacted with alakli, and the resulting conjugated isomers were separated into trans,trans;cis,trans; and cis,cis fractions. The position of double bonds in the various fractions was determined by reductive ozonolysis. trans-9, trans-12-Isomer of linoleate formed trans,trans- and cis,trans-conjugated dienes, whereas cis-9, trans-12- and trans-9, cis-12-isomers in addition formed cis,cis-conjugated dienes. The formation of the products is in accordance with the theoretical predictions. During conjugation trans double bonds shifted to form a trans bond preferentially. During conjugation of cis-9, trans-12- and trans-9, cis-12-linoleate isomers, the cis double bond shifted preferentially over the trans double bond. A small amount of diene not conjugated was probably a geometrical and positional isomer of the starting material. 相似文献
2.
Methyl cis-9, cis-15-octadecadienoate was partially deuterated with nickel catalyst, and the product was separated into saturate, monoene and
diene fractions. Monoenes were separated into trans and cis fractions, and dienes into trans,trans, cis,trans and cis,cis fractions. Monoene isomers with double bonds at the 9 and 15 positions predominated in both cis- and trans-monoene fractions. Considerable amounts of isomers with double bonds situated on either side of the original 9 and 15 positions
were found in the trans-monoene fraction. Diene was extensively isomerized to positional and geometrical isomers, and deuterium was incorporated
into these isomers. Double bond migration was greatest in trans,trans-dienes and smallest in cis,cis-dienes. The amount of deuterium in the dienes was proportional to the extent of isomerization experienced by the dienes.
ARS, USDA. 相似文献
3.
The need for a selective catalyst to hydrogenate linolenate in soybean oil has prompted our continuing study of various model
triunsaturated fats. Hydrogenation of methyl β-eleostearate (methyl trans,trans,trans-9,11,13-octadecatrienoate) with Cr(CO) 3 complexes yielded diene products expected from 1,4-addition ( trans-9, cis-12- and cis-10, trans-13-octadecadienoates). With α-eleostearate ( cis,trans,trans-9,11,13-octadecatrienoate), stereoselective 1,4-reduction of the trans,trans-diene portion yielded linoleate ( cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoate). However, cis,trans-1,4-dienes were also formed from the apparent isomerization of α- to β-eleostearate. Hydrogenation of methyl linolenate (methyl cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate) produced a mixture of isomeric dienes and monoenes attributed to conjugation occurring as an intermediate
step. The hydrogenation of α-eleostearin in tung oil was more stereoselective in forming the cis,cis-diene than the corresponding methyl ester. Hydrogenation of linseed oil yielded a mixture of dienes and monoenes containing
7% trans unsaturation. We have suggested how the mechanism of stereoselective hydrogenation with Cr(CO) 3 catalysts can be applied to the problem of selective hydrogenation of linolenate in soybean oil.
No. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献
4.
Summary 1. Kinetic studies showed that concurrent oxidation of preformed hydroperoxides may be expected to take place at all stages
of the autoxidation of methyl linoleate. The rate of oxidation relative to the rate of autoxidation of unoxidized ester is
determined chiefly by the extent of the accumulation of hydroperoxides.
2. Infrared spectral analysis of hydroperoxides oxidized to various degrees indicated that trans, trans diene conjugation and isolated trans double bonds produced in the autoxidation of methyl linoleate are related to the concurrent oxidation of the accumulated
hydroperoxides.
3. The low absorptivity observed for diene conjugation, compared to that which may be expected for the exclusive production
of cis, trans diene conjugated hydroperoxide isomers during the autoxidation of methyl linoleate is attributed to the concurrent oxidation
of accumulated hydroperoxides.
4. The effect of antioxidants in giving a well-defined induction period in the oxidation of hydroperoxides isolated from autoxidized
methyl linoleate indicated that the oxidation proceeds by a chain reaction.
5. The primary reaction products of the oxidation of hydroperoxides isolated from autoxidized methyl linoleate were found
to be polymers formed in a sequence of reaction involving the diene conjugation.
6. Studies on the autoxidation of methyl cis-9, trans-11-linoleate showed that cis, trans isomerization of the conjugated diene took place with the concurrent production of isolated trans double bonds and loss of diene conjugation.
Hormel Institute publication no. 138. Presented before the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 10–12,
1955.
This work was supported by a grant from the Hormel Foundation. 相似文献
5.
Determination of the relative reaction rates of isomeric methyl octadecadienoates is possible by competitive reduction of a mixture containing an inactive diene and a radioactively labeled isomer. The hydrogenation rate of methylcis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoate with platinum and nickel catalysts is compared to the hydrogenation rate of each of several isomers of methyl octadecadienoate, and the relative rate of the competitive hydrogenations is calculated by a digital computer. Methylcis-9,cis-12 linoleate is reduced the most rapidly of all the dienes studied. The relative rates of the positional isomers tend to decrease with the increasing number of methylene groups between the double bonds, except when one of the double bonds is in the more reactive 15 position. Comparison of the geometric isomers shows thattrans,trans diene is hydrogenated at a slower rate thancis,cis linoleate. 相似文献
6.
The erythro and threo isomers of methyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate and the threo isomer of methyl 12,13-dihydroxy- cis-9-octadecenoate were converted into methyl cis- and trans-9-octadecenoate and methyl cis-9, rans-12-octadecadienoate, respectively, by reaction of the dihydroxy ester with triethyl orthoformate to give the 2-ethoxy-1,3-dioxolane
which was thermally decomposed to the unsaturated ester. 相似文献
7.
Linolenic acid was reduced with hydrazine to produce a mixture containing a max of dienoic acids. After methylation this mixture
was separated into trienoic, dienoic, monoenoic, and saturated esters by countercurrent distribution (CCD) with acetonitrile
and hexane. The dienoic ester was further fractionated by CCD with methanolic silver nitrate and hexane to separate pure cis,cis-9,15-octadecadienoate and the equimixture of cis,cis-9,12- and 12,15-octadecadienoates.
Following isomerization of the cis,cis-9,15-octadecadienoate with selenium, the geometric isomers were fractionated by CCD with methanolic silver nitrate and hexane.
Pure trans,trans and pure cis,cis isomers were isolated, as well as an unresolved mixture of cis,trans and trans,cis isomers. The characteristics of these isomers and related compounds are compared as determined by CCD, IR absorption, and
capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GLC).
Presented at the AOCS meeting in Minneapolis, 1963.
A laboratory of the No. Utiliz. Res. and Dev. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献
8.
Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from the microorganism Geotrichum candidum preferentially hydrolyzes cis-9 18∶1 and cis,cis-9,12 18∶2 from triacylglycerols, largely ignoring all other positional isomers of cis 18∶1 as well as trans-9 18∶1. To obtain additional information about the specificity of the enzyme, two triacylglycerols were prepared and utilized
as substrates. The lipase hydrolyzed 85% cis,cis-9,12 18∶2 and 15% trans,trans-9,12 18∶2 from the triacylglycerol, containing ca. 50% of each acid. From the triacylglycerol containing 46.3% cis,trans-9,12 18∶2 and 53.7% trans,cis-9,12 18∶2, 44.8 and 55.2% of the two acids were hydrolyzed. Therefore the enzyme discriminated against the trans,trans isomer but not between the cis,trans and trans,cis isomers.
Scientific contribution No. 535, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Connecticut.
ARS, USDA. 相似文献
9.
This research demonstrates the gas chromatographic analysis of the 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (MTAD) adducts derived
from standards of cis,trans-9,11-octadecadienoic acid, trans,trans-9,11-octadecadienoic acid, and cis,cis-9,11-octadecadienoic acid. Methyl cis,trans-9,11-octadecadienoate and methyl trans,trans-9,11-octadecadienoate formed Diels-Alder addition products with MTAD to produce adducts with similar mass spectral fragmentation
patterns but different retention times determined by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Methyl cis,cis-9,11-octadecadienoate reacted slowly and produced two adducts with similar fragmentation patterns and different retention
times. These results were comparable to those reported for an analogous series of conjugated hexadienes. Based on hexadiene
reactions, methyl cis,trans-9,11-octadecadienoate produced a trans adduct as a major product while methyl trans,trans-9,11-octadecadienoate formed a cis adduct. Methyl cis,cis-9,11-octadecadienoate reacted slowly under the conditions used leaving mostly unreacted material. Of the adducts observed
from this isomer, a major trans adduct and a minor cis adduct were formed. 相似文献
10.
The dehydration of methyl ricinoleate by heating in vacuo in the presence of KHSO 4 resulted in the formation of the following conjugated octadecadienoates expressed as a percentage of the final product: cis, trans (trans, cis), 14.3; cis, cis, 11.2; trans, trans, 7.3. The isomers contained the double bonds predominantly in the 9,11 position but the possible presence of traces of 8,10
and other conjugated isomers is not excluded. Using urea “inclusion” fractionation and low temp crystallization from acetone
methyl, cis-9, cis-11-octadecadienoate was isolated.
The methyl esters of commercially dehydrated castor oil fatty acids on the other hand, contained the following percentages
of conjugated octadecadienoate isomers: cis, trans (trans, cis), 20.3; cis, cis, 8.0; trans, trans, 5.4. From these mixtures conc of cis, trans (trans, cis)- and trans, trans-octadecadienoates were prepared by fractional distillation and low temp crystallization. It was found that the conjugated
octadecadienoates consisted of mixtures of positional isomers with double bonds mainly in the 8,10 and 9,11 positions with
lesser amounts in the 7,9 and 10,12 positions. 相似文献
11.
A gas chromatographic method has been developed for quantitative determination of the cis and trans percentages in octadecenoate and octadecodienoate esters. To separate cis- and trans-monoene and diene isomers on a packed GC column, the fatty esters were stereospecifically epoxipized with peracetic acid.
A simple and quantitative epoxidation procedure allows the cis- and trans-epoxyoctadecanoates to be analyzed without prior isolation from the reaction mixture. No positional or geometric isomerization
of the double bond occurred during epoxidation. Synthetic mixtures containing cis- and trans-6,-9 and-12 octadecenoate isomers were completely separated into cis and trans fractions trans-15-Octadecenoate was the only isomer investigated that partially interfered in the analysis. Diene mixtures containing rans,trans-, cis,trans- and cis,-cis-9,12-octadecadienoates were also successfully analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) after epoxidation with peracetic
acid. Each diene isomer formed two pairs of diepoxy diastereomers, some of which could be separated. One cis,cis-diepoxyoctadecanoate diastereomer peak overlapped the cis,trans-diepoxyoctadecanoate peaks. The total cis,-cis-diepoxyoctadecanoate percentages were calculated by using the ratio of the two cis,cis-diepoxyoctadecanoate diastereomers. Other positional octadecadienoate isomers were also epoxidized and analyzed by GLC. The
large number of possible octadecadienoate isomers requires that some preeiminary fractionation be made before GC analysis
is practical for diene isomers.
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Atlantic, City, October 1971
N. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献
12.
The following products are formed during partial reduction of α-eleostearic acid with hydrazine: cis,trans-9,11-octadecadienoic and trans,trans-11,13-octadecadienoic acids; cis-9-, trans-11- and trans-13-octadecenoic acids; and stearic acid. The double bonds are reduced individually in the conjugated triene and also in the
conjugated dienes that are formed. However, the reduction is selective since the trans-11 double bonds in the conjugated triene is reduced only slightly to yield the isolated 9,13-diene.
The trans double bond of the cis,trans conjugated diene reduces at a faster rate than the cis bond. No differences were observed in the rate of reduction of the cis-9 and trans-13 bonds in the triene or of the bonds in the trans,trans conjugated diene.
No. Utiliz. Res. & Dev. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献
13.
The autoxidation of linoleic acid dispersed in an aqueous media and the effect of α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols were studied. The
quantitative analysis of the hydroperoxide isomers (13- cis,trans; 13- trans,trans; 9- trans,cis; 9- trans,trans) by direct high-performance liquid chromatography exhibited a prooxidant activity of α-tocopherol at high concentration (3.8%
by weight of linoleic acid). On the other hand, α-tocopherol at lower concentrations (0.38 and 0.038%) and γ- and δ-tocopherols
at high concentration (3.8%) were antioxidant. Furthermore, the addition of tocopherols modified the distribution of the geometrical
isomers. The formation of the trans,trans hydroperoxide isomers was completely inhibited by the highest concentration of the three tocopherols independently of their
antioxidant or prooxidant activity and only delayed by the lower concentrations of α-tocopherol. The addition of tocopherols
to hydroperoxide isomers reduced the decomposition rate of these isomers in the order α-tocopherol < γ-tocopherol < δ-tocopherol
for the cis,trans hydroperoxide isomer and α-tocopherol ≪ γ-tocopherol ⋍ δ-tocopherol for the trans,trans hydroperoxide isomer. With these hydroperoxides, as during linoleic acid autoxidation, α-tocopherol was completely oxidized
whatever its initial concentration, while γ-tocopherol underwent partial oxidation and δ-tocopherol was practically unchanged. 相似文献
14.
Long chain fatty methyl esters have been separated by high performance liquid chromatography on the basis of number, position,
and geometric configuration of double bonds with a silver nitrate-silicic acid column and benzene solvent. Saturated esters
are eluted first, followed by methyl elaidate and then methyl oleate. Geometric isomers of methyl 9,12-octadecadienoate and
of methyl 9,15-octadecadienoate are also well separated. Methyl linolenate is retained strongly on the column and its elution
has not been observed, but the trans, trans, trans and trans, cis, trans isomers are separated. 相似文献
15.
The proportion of geometrical hydroperoxide isomers generated by aerobic oxidation of methyl linoleate (18∶2 Me) in either
aqueous emulsion consisting of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) or in a homogeneous dichloromethane solution was determined to understand
the mechanism of lipid oxidation in different reaction systems. Four geometrical isomers were generated after oxidation of
18∶2 Me in dichloromethane: methyl 13-hydroperoxy- cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoate, methyl 13-hydroperoxy- trans-9, trans-11-octadecadienoate, methyl 9-hydroperoxy- trans-10, cis-12-octadecadienoate, and methyl 9-hydroperoxy- trans-10, trans-12-octadecadienoate in the ratios of 1∶4∶1∶4, respectively. The ratios between each isomer did not change until the peroxide
value (PV) increased to 58 meq/kg. Oxidation of 18∶2 Me in aqueous emulsion yielded the same geometrical isomers of hydroperoxide.
However, the ratios were different: 3∶2∶3∶2 until the PV increased to 110 meq/kg. Predominant (60%) formation of trans,trans hydroperoxide isomers was obtained in the oxidation of a mixture of 18∶2 Me and methyl laurate (12∶0 Me). These results are
interpreted to reflect the importance of the concentration of hydrogen atom-donating equivalents to the kinetic preference
for different products. The high effective concentration of hydrogen donors in the oxidation of 18∶2 Me in emulsions favored
the formation of the less stable cis,trans isomers. The lower concentration of hydrogen donor in the dichloromethane solution effectively slowed hydrogen donation and
led to the strong preference for the more stable trans,trans isomers. This interpretation was further tested by preparing emulsions of 18∶2 Me and 12∶0 Me to dilute concentration of
hydrogen-donating species using the nonhydrogen-donating 12∶0 Me. Consistent with the proposed hypothesis, the proportion
of trans,trans isomers increased as a result of 12∶0 Me addition. 相似文献
16.
Pure conjugated isomers of linoleic acid were prepared on a large scale by alkali-isomerization of purified methyl linoleate.
The methyl esters of alkali-isomerized linoleic acid contained mainly the methyl cis-9, trans-11- and trans-10, cis-12-octadecadienoates (44 and 47%, respectively). These two isomers were then separated and purified by a series of low-temperature
crystallizations from acetone. The isomeric purity obtained for the cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoate isomer was >90% and that of the trans-10, cis-12-octadecadienoate isomer was 89 to 97%. The isolated yield of the two isomers corresponded to 18 and 25.7%, respectively,
of the starting material. The structure of the two isomers was confirmed using partial hydrazine reduction, silver nitrate-thin-layer
chromatography of the resulting monoenes and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry of the 4,4-dimethyloxazoline
derivatives. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the monoenes gave the confirmation of the geometry of each double
bond. 相似文献
17.
A column packed with silver-saturated ion exchange resin (Amberlyst XN 1010) was found to have lipid separation capabilities
superior to Amberlyst XN 1005 and similar to Amberlite XE 284. The separation of unsaturated fatty methyl ester isomers by
silver resin chromatography using methanol as the eluting solvent has been extended to mixtures containing polyunsaturate
and acetylenic fatty esters. Separations are possible on the basis of both total number of double bonds and the geometric
configuration. Mixtures containing saturates, elaidate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate can be separated, but 10% 1-hexene
must be added to the methanol to elute the linolenate. Mixtures containing trans,trans-;trans,cis-; and cis,cis-octadecadienoate isomers have also been separated, and partial resolution of cis-9, cis-12- and cis-2, cis-15-octadecadienoate isomers was obtained. Sterolate, a monounsaturated acetylenic fatty ester was eluted at the same time
as oleate. Crepenynate ( cis-9-octadecen-12-ynoate) can be separated from linoleate but not from cis,trans-octadecadienoate.
Employed at the Northern Regional Research Center under a USDA cooperative education program with Purdue University. 相似文献
18.
Alkali-conjugated linoleate ( cis-9, trans-11- and trans-10, cis-12-octadecadienoate) was hydrogenated with nickel, palladium and platinum catalysts. The trans and cis monoenes formed during reduction were isolated, and their double bond distribution was determined by reductive ozonolysis
and gas liquid chromatography. About 44–69% of the monoenes were composed of δ 10 and δ 11
trans monoene isomers, whereas the δ 9 and δ 12
cis monoenes amounted to 20–26%. With nickel catalyst, composition of monoene isomers remained the same, even when the hydrogenation
temperature was increased. The monoene isomer profiles between nickel and palladium catalysts were indistinguishable. Isomerization
of monoenes with platinum catalyst was suppressed at 80 psi. The position of the double bonds in unreacted conjugated diene
was always retained, except with nickel at both temperatures and with platinum at 150 C when a slight migration occurred.
Geometrical isomerization to trans,trans-conjugated diene was observed in the unreacted diene with nickel (ca. 15% of diene) at both 100 C and 195 C, and with platinum
(ca. 7% of diene) at 150 C.
ARS, USDA. 相似文献
19.
Heat treatment of sunflower oil resulted in the formation of linoleic geometrical and positional isomers. These isomers were
isolated using a combination of column chromatography, urea fractionation, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on
a C18 reverse phase column and silver nitrate thin layer chromatography (TLC). Each component was submitted to hydrazine reduction
and the resulting monoenes to AgNO 3-TLC. The resulting cis and trans fractions were submitted to ozonolysis in BF 3-MeOH in order to determine the position of the ethylenic bonds. The major isomers were the cis, trans and trans, cis 18∶2 Δ9, 12, the trans, trans 18∶2 Δ9, 12 and some cis, trans, trans, cis and trans, trans 18∶2 conjugated dienes. The cis, trans and trans, cis conjugated dienes were the Δ9, 11, Δ10, 12, Δ11, 13 and Δ12, 14 while the trans, trans isomers were the Δ9, 11, Δ10, 12 and Δ11, 13. These C18∶2 isomers also were detected in oils collected from restaurants and
market vendors.
Presented in part at the AOCS/JOCS annual meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii, in May 1986. 相似文献
20.
Hydrogen sulfide was added to methyl trans, trans- 9,11-octadecadienoate in benzene solution at 25 C with ultraviolet radiation. GC-MS and GLC analysis of the reaction product
showed the presence of methyl oleate, methyl stearate, geometric isomers of methyl 9,11-octadecadienoate, methyl 9,12-epoxy-octadeca-9,
11-dienoate, an unknown compound with an apparent molecular weight of 306, methyl 8-(2′,5′-hexylthienyl) octanoate, an unidentified
sul-fur ] containing C 18 ester with an apparent molecular weight of 326, methyl 9,12-epithiostearate, an adduct of methyl trans,trans- 9,11-octadecadienoate and ben-zene [bicyclo (4.4.0)-deca-2,5,7-triene-l-(Ω-carboxy-methyl heptyl)-4 hexyl] and a probable
mixture of methyl 9,11-epidithiostearate, methyl 9,12-epidithio-stearate, and methyl 10,12-epidithiostearate. 相似文献
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