Amplifier linearization using simultaneous harmonic and basebandinjection

A novel linearization scheme utilizing injection of distortion signal at the input of amplifier is described. Harmonic and baseband signal generated by predistortion circuits is fed to the input of the main amplifier and by controlling the power level of the harmonic and baseband signal properly, mixing products can be made to cancel out with the FET inherent distortion signals. Unlike many other techniques, no precise phase adjustment is required for the RF signal path. For verification, the two-tone performance of a constructed linearized amplifier is measured and a reduction of the third-order IMD power level of about 27 dB is observed     

A new approach to amplifier linearization by the generalized baseband signal injection method

The authors present a new technique for the reduction of third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD) in microwave amplifiers. A baseband predistortion signal is injected into a diode circuitry and the main amplifier to mix with the fundamental to generate a canceling signal for the suppression of the inherent IMD component. The proposed method can achieve higher linearity performance, in comparison to the conventional difference-frequency approach, and unlike many other techniques, no RF circuitry, such as variable gain amplifiers and phase-shifters, is needed other than baseband amplifiers. Both two-tone and vector signal measurement results are included.     

Linearisation of RF PA by even-order nonlinear baseband signal processed in digital domain

This paper represents, for the first time, the linearisation method of RF power amplifiers, which is based on using the second- and fourth-order nonlinear signals shaped by digital signal processing in a baseband domain. The linearisation signals are generated by the second- and fourth-order nonlinear modifications of the baseband signal in the proposed manners. The composite second- and fourth-order linearisation signals modulate carrier second harmonics, and the modulated signals are then driven to the gate and drain of the amplifier transistor. The linearisation effects of the proposed method are evaluated on a single stage power amplifier for the simulated QAM and OFDM digitally modulated signals at diverse input power levels up to the 1 dB compression point. Moreover, the FPGA implementation of a system for the generation and processing of the fundamental signal, and the second-order linearisation signals is presented in the paper, and the proposed technique is verified for the generated QAM signal. In addition, the linearisation of the two-way asymmetrical Doherty amplifier is performed in the experiment by using software defined radio platforms for synthesising the fundamental signal and the second-order linearisation signals.     

Study of intermodulation in RF MEMS variable capacitors

This paper provides a rigorous study of the causes and physical origins of intermodulation distortion (IMD) in RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitors, its analytical dependence on the MEMS device design parameters, and its effects in RF systems. It is shown that not only third-order products exist, but also fifth order and higher. The high-order terms are mainly originated by the nonlinear membrane displacement versus applied voltage and, in the case considered in this study, with an additional contribution from the nonlinear dependence of the reflection coefficient phase on the displacement. It is also shown that the displacement nonlinear behavior also contributes to the total mean position of the membrane. In order to study these effects in depth, an analytical frequency-dependent IMD model for RF MEMS based on a mobile membrane is proposed and particularized to the case of a MEMS varactor-a device for which IMD can be significant. The model is validated, up to the fifth order, theoretically (using harmonic balance) and empirically (the IMD of a MEMS varactor is measured). To this end, a two-tone IMD reflection measurement system for MEMS is proposed.     

一种新的用于射频功率放大器的预失真器

研究了一种新的预失真线性化电路,他由2路谐波发生器组成,每个谐波发生器都由2个工作于不同偏置电压下的肖特基二极管、电容、电阻和3 dB电桥耦合器(Hybrid)构成。通过调节二极管的偏置电压,可分别产生IM3或IM5。将此预失真线性化电路用于5 W射频功率放大器中,分别独立地对消IMD3和IMD5。双音测试表明,IMD3和IMD5分别改善了14 dBc和9 dBc。     

一种宽频带可配置数字射频调制的实现方法

针对航空电子系统能力提升和体积重量功耗的矛盾,提出了一种宽频带可配置数字射频调制的设计与实现方法,使用数字信号处理的方法实现调制和上变频,将数字化推进到天线接口单元.首先,对比分析了3种发射信道的实现架构;其次,基于数字射频调制信道架构设计了宽频带可配置发射信道;然后,针对宽频带可配置数字射频调制在实现过程遇到的问题,一一给出了解决方法,即N次谐波调制技术、多相采样降速技术、最优本振选择方法.实现结果表明,相比传统二次发射信号的产生方案,本设计能够产生高质量的射频发射信号,幅度误差仅为1.7%RMS(Percent Root Mean Square),相位误差小于1°,误差向量幅度(EVM)仅为2.345%RMS,并具有宽频带优良的谐杂波抑制能力.     

基于单边带调制的光毫米波产生及其传输特性研究

提出了一种新型单边带调制(SSB)产生光毫米波的全双工光纤无线通信(ROF)系统.利用射频(RF)信号驱动马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM)产生偶数双边带信号,并通过技术基带信号调制到中心载波上,再与未被调制双边带的任一边带耦合产生光毫米波信号.理论分析发现,该毫米波的接收功率不会发生周期衰减.实验研究表明,经过50 km传...     

Development of Swept Frequency Method for Measuring Frequency Response of Photodetectors Based on Harmonic Analysis

We develop a swept frequency method for measuring the frequency response of photodetectors (PDs) based on harmonic analysis. In this technique, a lightwave from a laser source is modulated by a radio-frequency (RF) signal via a Mach–Zehnder LiNbO$_{3}$ modulator, and detected by a PD under test. The measured second-order harmonic of the RF signal contains information of the frequency responses and nonlinearities of the RF source, modulator, and PD. The frequency response of the PD alone is obtained by deducting the known frequency responses and nonlinearities of the RF source and modulator. Compared with the conventional swept frequency method, the measurement frequency range can be doubled using the proposed method. Experiment results show a good agreement between the measured results and those obtained using other techniques.      

一种复用传输射频和基带信号的新方法

介绍了一种在同轴电缆上,射频和基带信号复用传输的新方法。设计了射频信号和基带信号隔离电路,采用C-MBUS标准传输基带信号,在长为1 km、传输射频信号功率为40 d Bm的同轴电缆上,达到了4 800 b/s的数据传送速率,且同时可以为通信从机节点提供10 m A的电流。该方法具有硬件电路简单、成本低廉,容易组网的优点,适用于在射频线路上同时传输低数据速率的附加信息。     

Large and small signal distortion analysis using modified Volterra series

A new approach to the Volterra analysis of analog circuits is presented. Volterra analysis is widely used for the calculation of harmonic and intermodulation distortion products. However, the analysis is limited to circuits experiencing small signal excitations and becomes inaccurate when the input signal amplitude increases, especially when MOS transistors are involved. In this paper, we analyze the cause of this drawback, which is no other than the Taylor series’ convergence properties. Moreover, we propose a solution, by calculating the nonlinearity coefficients using a different type of polynomial expansion, the Chebyshev series. This replacement improves significantly the capabilities of Volterra analysis. We also present results comparing Chebyshev series with other types of polynomial expansions. Finally, we apply the proposed method to analyze the intermodulation distortion (IMD) of a CMOS RF power amplifier, both in the small and the large signal regimes.     

An analog compensation method for asymmetric IMD characteristics of power amplifier

The modulation frequency affects the asymmetric intermodulation distortion (IMD) products of a RF power amplifier. This effect reduces IMD cancellation performance of power amplifiers in connection with predistortion linearization. A phase extraction method to determine phase difference between upper and lower third-order IMD products and a phase compensation circuit using an envelope injection technique is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in the third-order IMD cancellation performance.     

一种无线宽带收发机I/Q失配校准和补偿技术

本文提出一种基于数字基带的无线宽带收发机中的发射链路I/Q失配的校准和补偿技术。数字基带发射用于I/Q失配校准的信号,经过RF收发机的发射链路、由平方功率检测器、带通滤波器组成的校准通路以及RF接收机的可变增益放大器,数字基带采集此信号并估计I/Q失配的大小,完成I/Q失配的校准和补偿,此技术相比于射频的自校准节省了面积和功耗。本技术已经成功用于IEEE802.11n,可以实现50dB以上的镜像抑制,完全满足了系统要求。     

一种基于DDS技术的新型宽带雷达信号源的设计

AD9858是Analog Devices公司的一款高性能DDS芯片,可产生多种形式的信号,在对DDS原理以及AD9858器件研究的基础上,介绍了一种基于AD9858的宽带雷达信号源的设计方案,可输出单点频正弦信号、基带CHIRP信号、基带BPSK信号、射频CHIRP信号、射频BPSK信号。射频CHIRP信号由基带CHIRP信号经过倍频链转换到相应频段,射频BPSK由基带BPSK经过混频转换到相应频段。输出信号形式可由上位机通过USB接口灵活控制。     

Analysis of envelope signal injection for improvement of RF amplifier intermodulation distortion

Adaptive bias techniques based on envelope signal power detection have been proposed for linearity enhancement and dc current reduction in RF amplifiers. Experimental results show an improvement in amplifier linearity, although asymmetric intermodulation distortion (IMD) was observed. This work rigorously studies the effects of the envelope signal injection on amplifier distortion using the Volterra series formulations. The results intuitively explain the spectral regrowth asymmetry, and point to a design technique in which third-order IMD can be optimally cancelled. The theory was verified through comparison to measurement and simulation results.     

A comprehensive analysis of IMD behavior in RF CMOS power amplifiers

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of nonlinear intermodulation distortion (IMD) behavior in RF CMOS power amplifiers (PAs). Separate analyses are presented for small- and large-signal operation regimes. Especially, a new, simple, large-signal behavioral IMD analysis method is presented that allows the mechanisms dominant for IMD generation to be identified and their individual contributions to be studied. By combining these analyses, typical IMD versus input power characteristics of MOSFET PAs can be predicted and understood for different classes of operation. Various measurements made on a 950-MHz RF CMOS PA are used to demonstrate typical behavior and validate the proposed theory. Prediction of IMD using a standard CMOS transistor model is also evaluated and is shown to give good agreement with the measurements.     

利用基带直调信号注入锁定半导体激光器产生全光上变频信号的研究

提出了一种将低速基带信号直调产生的宽谱信号,注入至用于上变频的分布反馈式半导体激光器(DFB-LD),利用调制信号光谱中的高阶分量对从激光器进行相位锁定,从而产生光学上变频信号的方法。对直调信号注入锁定DFB-LD产生光学上变频信号的机理进行了理论分析,完成了2.5Gb/s伪随机码基带信号通过直调并注入从激光器,分别产生了30,35,40GHz副载波频率的全光上变频信号的实验,并在时域和频域上,对上变频信号的特征进行了研究。该方案结构简单,无需高速外调制器及高频本振,具有集成潜力,理论上可产生更高载频(如60GHz),对目前的光-无线混合接入提供了一种可行的解决方案。     

Analysis and Design of a Dynamic Predistorter for WCDMA Handset Power Amplifiers

This paper presents a dynamic predistorter (PD), which linearizes the dynamic AM-AM and AM-PM of a wideband code division multiple access handset power amplifier (PA). The dynamic PD allows an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACPR) improvement of 15.7 dB, which is superior to conventional PDs that linearize static AM-AM and AM-PM. The dynamic PD was designed using an HBT generating nonlinearity, a short circuit at the baseband (les4 MHz), and a load circuit for the HBT at the RF fundamental band (ap1.95 GHz). Volterra-series analysis was performed to understand the mechanism of the dynamic PD. The analysis revealed that the short circuit at the baseband enabled the dynamic PD generating third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) with opposite phase to the fundamental tone (i.e., antiphase IMD3). The antiphase IMD3 allows dynamic gain compression, which linearizes the dynamic gain expansion of a PA with low quiescent current. The analysis also revealed that the IMD3 amplitude of the dynamic PD can be adjusted by load impedance at the RF fundamental band, which enables the gradient of dynamic AM-AM and AM-PM to be optimized to linearize the PA. The fabricated two-stage InGaP/GaAs HBT PA module with the dynamic PD exhibited an ACPR of -40 dBc and a power-added efficiency of 50% at an average output power of 26.8 dBm with a quiescent current of 20 mA     

基于GP2010的移动GPS射频前端设计

对GPS射频前端进行了研究与设计,实现了GPS信号射频到数字中频的转化过程。应用GP2010芯片设计出了符合要求的GPS射频前端,包括前端滤波器、低噪声放大器,以及中频滤波器。介绍测试系统的搭建,对实际制作的电路板进行调试,并得出测试结果,为后期基于FPGA实现GPS基带数字信号处理提供GPS数字中频信号,为自主设计GPS接收机奠定了基础。     

Linearized mixer using predistortion technique

A predistortion technique has been proposed to reduce intermodulation distortion (IMD) generated from the conversion process of a mixer. In this technique, the IMD generated from a mixer in the IF band was cancelled by the controlled RF error signal, which is generated by a predistorter. The magnitude and phase of the RF error signal were properly adjusted through a vector modulator. This linearization technique has been verified by experiment of a down conversion mixer in the cellular band. A two tone test has been performed at the frequency of 836 MHz with 442 kHz separation. The results show that this method improves about 16 dB of IMD3 at -18 dBm IF output power in 10 MHz frequency band and increases about 3.5 dB of P1 dB of the mixer. Simple topology and good performance in linearization of IF signals renders this technique suitable for highly linear frequency conversion in communication systems     

符号内连续相位差分相移键控调制方法

提出了一种幅度准恒包络、相位连续的差分相移键控调制与解调方法.该方法设计了一组基带信号集合,根据输入的信息值和状态值选择基带信号来实现信号调制.在信号解调中,通过计算接收信号在一个符号持续时间内的相位变化累积量来判决发送信息.仿真结果表明,该调制方法具有良好的频谱特性和准恒包络特性,并且避免了本振偏离、多普勒频移等引起的符号间相位变化对信号解调的影响.