Spatial averaging of time-frequency distributions for signalrecovery in uniform linear arrays

This paper presents a new approach based on spatial time-frequency averaging for separating signals received by a uniform linear antenna array. In this approach, spatial averaging of the time-frequency distributions (TFDs) of the sensor data is performed at multiple time-frequency points. This averaging restores the diagonal structure of the source TFD matrix necessary for source separation. With spatial averaging, cross-terms move from their off-diagonal positions in the source TFD matrix to become part of the matrix diagonal entries. It is shown that the proposed approach yields improved performance over the case when no spatial averaging is performed. Further, we demonstrate that in the context of source separation, the spatially averaged Wigner-Ville distribution outperforms the combined spatial-time-frequency averaged distributions, such as the one obtained by using the Choi-Williams (1989) distribution. Simulation examples involving the separation of two sources with close AM and FM modulations are presented     

On the Use of Spatial Time Frequency Distributions for Signal Extraction

This paper deals with the extraction of signals from their instantaneous linear mixtures using time-frequency distributions. Fundamentally, this problem is a signal synthesis from the time-frequency (t-f) plane. However with the incorporation of the spatial information provided by a multisensor array, the problem can be posed as special case of blind source separation. So far, the blind source separation has been solved using only statistical information available on the source signals. Herein, we propose to solve the aforementioned problem using time-frequency signal representations and the spatial array aperture. The proposed approach relies on the difference in the t-f signatures of the sources to be separated. It is based on the diagonalization of a combined set of spatial time-frequency distribution matrices. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our method.     

Resolution measure criteria for the objective assessment of the performance of quadratic time-frequency distributions

This paper presents the essential elements for developing objective methods of assessment of the performance of time-frequency signal analysis techniques. We define a measure for assessing the resolution performance of time-frequency distributions (TFDs) in separating closely spaced components in the time-frequency domain. The measure takes into account key attributes of TFDs, such as components mainlobes and sidelobes and cross-terms. The introduction of this measure allows to quantify the quality of TFDs instead of relying solely on visual inspection of their plots. The method of assessment of performance of TFDs also allows the improvement of methodologies for designing high-resolution quadratic TFDs for time-frequency analysis of multicomponent signals. Different TFDs, including the modified B distribution, are optimized using this methodology. Examples of a performance comparison of quadratic TFDs in resolving closely spaced components in the time-frequency domain, using the proposed resolution measure, are provided.     

Spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions for direction-of-arrival estimations

Time-frequency distributions (TFDs) are traditionally applied to a single antenna receiver with a single polarization. Recently, spatial time-frequency distributions (STFDs) have been developed for receivers with multiple single-polarized antennas and successfully applied for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of nonstationary signals. In this paper, we consider dual-polarized antenna arrays and extend the STFD to utilize the source polarization properties. The spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions (SPTFDs) are introduced as a platform for processing polarized nonstationary signals, which are received by an array of dual-polarized double-feed antennas. This paper deals with narrow-band far-field point sources that lie in the plane of the receiver array. The source signals are decomposed into two orthogonal polarization components, such as vertical and horizontal. The ability to incorporate signal polarization empowers the STFDs with an additional degree of freedom, leading to improved signal and noise subspace estimates for direction finding. The polarimetric time-frequency MUSIC (PTF-MUSIC) method for DOA estimation based on the SPTFD platform is developed and shown to outperform the time-frequency, polarimetric, and conventional MUSIC techniques, when applied separately.     

Blind source separation based on time-frequency signalrepresentations

Blind source separation consists of recovering a set of signals of which only instantaneous linear mixtures are observed. Thus far, this problem has been solved using statistical information available on the source signals. This paper introduces a new blind source separation approach exploiting the difference in the time-frequency (t-f) signatures of the sources to be separated. The approach is based on the diagonalization of a combined set of “spatial t-f distributions”. In contrast to existing techniques, the proposed approach allows the separation of Gaussian sources with identical spectral shape but with different t-f localization properties. The effects of spreading the noise power while localizing the source energy in the t-f domain amounts to increasing the robustness of the proposed approach with respect to noise and, hence, improved performance. Asymptotic performance analysis and numerical simulations are provided     

宽带恒定束宽盲波束形成算法

针对传统盲源分离算法对宽带阵列信号适用性较差的问题,提出一种基于时频分析的宽带恒定束宽盲波束形成算法。该算法首先将接收信号变换到时频域上并提取出单源点。然后,对单源点聚类并求解信号在不同频点上的导向矢量。最后,通过提出一种信号来向未知的空间响应变化约束方法,实现宽带恒定束宽盲波束形成。该算法避免了将宽带盲波束形成转换为卷积混合的盲源分离,因而不存在时域盲源分离算法中系统参数随滤波器阶数急剧增加的问题,也不存在频域算法中排序和幅度模糊的问题。仿真结果表明,算法能够较好地实现宽带信号的盲分离,且输出信干噪比高于时域、频域以及时频域盲源分离算法,实测数据的处理结果验证了该算法的实用性。      

Robust spatial time-frequency distribution matrix estimation with application to direction-of-arrival estimation

We consider the problem of estimating spatial time-frequency distribution (STFD) matrices in the presence of impulsive noise. STFD matrices are widely used in sensor array processing for direction-of-arrival estimation and blind source separation of non-stationary sources. Conventional methods fail when the noise is non-Gaussian or impulsive. We propose robust techniques for STFD estimation which are based on pre-processing, robust position based estimation and robust covariance based estimation. The proposed methods are compared in terms of direction-of-arrival estimation performance.     

Householder transform based joint diagonal zero diagonalization for source separation using time-frequency distributions

We present a new combined joint diagonalization and zero diagonalization algorithm for separating the source signals by using time-frequency distributions (TFD). The proposed algorithm is based on the Householder transform, which exactly guarantees the orthonormality of the diagonalizer and/or zero diagonalizer. As an application, we show that blind separation of correlated sources can be achieved by applying the proposed algorithm to spatial quadratic TFD matrices corresponding to auto-source terms and/or cross-source terms. Computer simulations are provided to demonstrate the performances of the proposed algorithm and compare it with the classical ones to show the performance improvement.     

利用概率混合模型的理想比率掩蔽多声源分离方法

针对基于时频掩蔽的分离方法在多声源场景下的分离效果不佳的问题,论文提出一种利用概率混合模型的理想比率掩蔽多声源分离方法。首先,利用冯·米塞斯分布对时频点处方位角估计进行拟合以及拉普拉斯分布对归一化压力梯度信号向量进行拟合,由此建立概率混合模型。其次,利用期望最大化算法对模型参数进行求解,估计各声源对应的理想比率掩蔽。最后,利用估计出的理想比率掩蔽,从麦克风采集信号中分离得到各声源信号。实验结果表明,与现有基于时频掩蔽的多声源分离方法相比,论文所提方法在欠定场景下具有更好的分离效果。      

Underdetermined Blind Separation of Nondisjoint Sources in the Time-Frequency Domain

This paper considers the blind separation of nonstationary sources in the underdetermined case, when there are more sources than sensors. A general framework for this problem is to work on sources that are sparse in some signal representation domain. Recently, two methods have been proposed with respect to the time-frequency (TF) domain. The first uses quadratic time-frequency distributions (TFDs) and a clustering approach, and the second uses a linear TFD. Both of these methods assume that the sources are disjoint in the TF domain; i.e., there is, at most, one source present at a point in the TF domain. In this paper, we relax this assumption by allowing the sources to be TF-nondisjoint to a certain extent. In particular, the number of sources present at a point is strictly less than the number of sensors. The separation can still be achieved due to subspace projection that allows us to identify the sources present and to estimate their corresponding TFD values. In particular, we propose two subspace-based algorithms for TF-nondisjoint sources: one uses quadratic TFDs and the other a linear TFD. Another contribution of this paper is a new estimation procedure for the mixing matrix. Finally, then numerical performance of the proposed methods are provided highlighting their performance gain compared to existing ones     

无限方差噪声环境下的分数低阶空间时频盲源分离

对脉冲噪声α稳定分布环境下的时频分布进行了研究,改进了适合α稳定分布信号或强脉冲噪声环境的分数低阶时频分布方法,用分数低阶空间时频矩阵代替空间时频矩阵,基于时频盲分离算法提出了一种改进的分数低阶空间时频盲源分离算法,并归纳了算法步骤。通过对FLO-TF-UBSS算法和已有的TF-UBSS算法及MD-BSS算法进行详细比较,仿真结果表明,所提出的FLO-TF-UBSS算法有效的降低了信号的均方误差（MSE）,能较好的对α稳定分布噪声环境下的非平稳信号进行盲分离,并实现了对实际的稳定分布舰船信号的盲提取,性能优于已有TF-UBSS算法和MD-BSS算法,且具有一定的韧性。      

基于时频分布的欠定混叠盲分离

针对欠定混合信号的盲分离问题,提出了基于时频分布的欠定盲分离算法,首先计算信号的时频分布矩阵并找出信号的自源时频点,然后把自源点对应的时频分布矩阵表示成三阶张量并通过张量分解估计出混合矩阵,最后通过计算矩阵的伪逆和时频合成来完成源信号的恢复.该算法不需要假设源信号是稀疏的或相互独立的.仿真结果表明与已有算法相比本文方法...     

采用Radon-Wigner变换的二维波达方向估计

针对宽带多线性调频信号2维波达方向(2-D DOA)估计精度低的问题,该文提出了一种基于Radon-Wigner变换(RWT)的2-D DOA估计方法。该方法利用RWT在多目标环境下能够有效抑制交叉项干扰和噪声,具有很好的时频汇聚性特点,通过峰值搜索确定目标个数并重构信号阵列,最后利用MUSIC空间谱分析方法实现了对多个LFM信号的2-D DOA估计。仿真实验表明,基于RWT的DOA估计方法能对非平稳信号进行有效的2-D DOA估计。     

空间高阶时频分布及虚拟时频ESPRIT算法

基于L-Wignrer分布(LWD),定义了一种全新的空间高阶累积量L-Wigner分布,并利用虚拟时频ESPRIT算法与阵列扩展,提出了一种多个多项式相位信号(PPS)的DOA估计算法.该方法利用平滑的伪WVD分布以实现PPS信号的LWD分布极大地抑制了其中的交叉项并提高了信号时频聚集性.同时,将时频分析与高阶累积量结合,使算法具有虚拟阵列扩展的特点,高分辨高精度的估计了PPS信号的DOA.理论分析和计算机仿真表明该方法具有很好的参数估计性能.     

Spatial evolutionary spectrum for DOA estimation and blind signalseparation

We combine the concepts of evolutionary spectrum and array processing. We present a cross-power stationary periodogram for both direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and blind separation of nonstationary signals. We model the nonstationary signals received by each array sensor as a sum of complex sinusoids with time-varying amplitudes. These magnitudes carry information about the DOA that may also be time-varying. We first estimate the time-varying amplitudes using estimators obtained by minimizing the mean-squared error. Then using the estimated time-varying amplitudes, we estimate the evolutionary cross-power distributions of the sensor. Next, using cross-power estimates at time-frequency points interest, we estimate the DOAs using one of the existing methods. If the directions are time varying, we choose time-frequency points around the time of interest to estimate spontaneous source locations. If the sources are stationary, time-frequency points of interest can be combined for the estimation of fixed directions. Whitening and subspace methods used to find the mixing matrix and separate nonstationary signals received by the array. We present examples illustrating the performance of the proposed algorithms     

相控阵测控系统时频及标校信号一体化光传输设计

为了实现对相控阵测控系统不同通道间信号幅度、相位的精确加权,就必须保证时频信号和标校信号的准确传输.针对传统相控阵测控系统时频及标校信号传输网络设计存在的相位一致性差、安装复杂、价格高昂、后期维护性较差等问题,设计了一种新型时频及标校信号一体化光传输网络.实验测试数据分析和工程实例表明,该新型一体化光传输网络在性能、成本、可扩展性以及安装维护等方面均比传统设计有明显提升.随着相控阵测控系统的通道数越来越多,新型一体化光传输网络的工程优异性会更加突出.     

Positive Time-Frequency Distributions via Quadratic Programming

A new method for computing positive time-frequency distributions (TFDs) for nonstationary signals is presented. This work extends the earlier work of the author and his colleagues in computing positive TFDs [8,11]. This paper describes a general quadratic programming approach to the problem of computing these signal-dependent distributions. The method is based on an evolutionary spectrum formulation of positive TFDs. The minimization problem reduces to a linearly-constrained quadratic programming problem, for which standard solutions are widely available.     

Blind Source Separation in the Time-Frequency Domain Based on Multiple Hypothesis Testing

This paper considers a time-frequency (t-f)-based approach for blind separation of nonstationary signals. In particular, we propose a time-frequency "point selection" algorithm based on multiple hypothesis testing, which allows automatic selection of auto- or cross-source locations in the time-frequency plane. The selected t-f points are then used via a joint diagonalization and off-diagonalization algorithm to perform source separation. The proposed algorithm is developed assuming deterministic signals with additive white complex Gaussian noise. A performance comparison of the proposed and existing approaches is provided.     

基于对称阵列Wigner-Ville分布的宽带线性调频信号AOA估计

本文提出了基于对称阵元Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)的宽带线性调频信号到达角(AOA)估计算法。该算法利用对称阵元输出延时参数的互补性和Wigner分布定义提取宽带信号方向向量,建立了新的空间时频矩阵。借助线性调频信号Wigner分布的良好时频聚集特性,适当选取时频点实现了对各个信号AOA的逐一估计。在新的空间时频矩阵模型基础上给出了基于信号子空间投影的AOA估计方法。它不需要对AOA的初始估计、聚汇和插值,减少了计算量,提高了精度,仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。     

A blind source separation technique using second-order statistics

Separation of sources consists of recovering a set of signals of which only instantaneous linear mixtures are observed. In many situations, no a priori information on the mixing matrix is available: The linear mixture should be “blindly” processed. This typically occurs in narrowband array processing applications when the array manifold is unknown or distorted. This paper introduces a new source separation technique exploiting the time coherence of the source signals. In contrast with other previously reported techniques, the proposed approach relies only on stationary second-order statistics that are based on a joint diagonalization of a set of covariance matrices. Asymptotic performance analysis of this method is carried out; some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method