混合磁极式的混合励磁永磁同步发电机

混合磁极式的混合励磁永磁同步发电机具有结构简单以及气隙磁场调节方便的优点.分析了该类电机的气隙磁场调节原理.基于电磁场有限元方法,介绍了齿磁通法计算电枢绕组空载电压波形的基本原理.应用该方法对一台混合磁极式的混合励磁永磁同步发电机的空载电磁场结果进行了后处理,得到了电枢绕组空载电压波形以及空载特性曲线.计算结果与实验结果比较验证了计算方法的正确性以及表明了该电机具有较好的气隙磁场调节能力.     

混合励磁水轮同步发电机结构与原理

针对现有小型水轮同步发电机运行效率低的问题,提出一种新型的可满足小型水电站运行要求的混合励磁同步发电机。该混合励磁水轮发电机转子由4个铁磁磁极和4个永磁磁极构成,每个磁极均布置励磁绕组,铁磁下的励磁绕组为运行励磁绕组,永磁磁极下的励磁绕组为灭磁励磁绕组,分别分析了两套励磁绕组工作时的气隙磁场调节原理。基于二维电磁场有限元法,计算了该混合励磁同步发电机运行性能,得到了该发电机的空载电压波形及其特性。与研制的混合励磁同步发电机样机测试结果吻合,验证了计算结果的正确性,同时说明该混合励磁同步发电机具有较宽的气隙磁场调节能力,可以满足小型水电站无功调节的要求。     

新型并列转子无刷混合励磁同步发电机仿真与试验研究

为充分利用并列转子混合励磁同步发电机的内部空间,本文提出了一种端部铁芯磁极。该磁极放置于永磁转子和电励磁转子直线段铁芯中间,一方面用于电励磁绕组端部的支撑和绑扎固定,另一方面该磁极的C型齿可以产生电励磁调节磁通。针对额定功率为6kW的并列转子无刷混合励磁同步发电机,采用3D有限元法针对端部铁芯磁极的气隙磁场分布进行了分析,并对混合励磁发电机在空载、负载下的输出特性进行了仿真分析;采用2D有限元法对无刷励磁机的性能进行了仿真,得到了直流输出电流和交流励磁电流之间的对应关系。试制了一台原理样机并进行了性能试验,研究结果表明:样机的试验结果与仿真结果较为接近,验证了端部铁芯磁极设计及混合励磁发电机性能仿真的正确性。     

基于感应励磁的混合励磁同步发电机性能

针对感应励磁发电机结构简单但励磁容量有限,永磁同步发电机磁场难以调节的问题,研究了一种将二者励磁功能相结合的混和励磁发电机。气隙中大部分磁场由转子上的永磁体提供,当需要调磁时,通过定子直流绕组与转子上感应绕组的感应作用,在感应绕组上获得调节磁动势,实现发电机磁场的调节。转子上两种励磁源为并联关系,调磁磁路磁阻小,无电刷-集电环系统,保证了发电机的结构简单、可靠性。在原理分析的基础上,使用二维有限元法对电机的磁场调节能力和负载特性进行分析,并进行了样机实验。有限元分析与实验结果都表明,与同结构参数的永磁同步发电机相比,混合励磁同步发电机具有灵活磁场调节能力;而相对于同一定子励磁磁动势的感应励磁发电机,该发电机输出容量大幅度提高,克服了感应励磁不适用于大容量发电的问题。     

一种改进型混合励磁永磁同步发电机的设计研究

混合励磁永磁同步发电机是在永磁同步发电机的基础上，在电机的定子或转子上加入电励磁绕组以调节电机主磁通的新型发电机。文中首先对现有的混合励磁永磁同步发电机结构进行了改进，并详细分析了其改进后的工作原理和设计特点。结合混合励磁永磁同步发电机的工作原理，给出了相应的发电机电励磁控制系统。最后通过实验数据与设计数据的对比验证了本文的内容。     

混合励磁永磁同步发电机等效磁路分析研究

混合励磁永磁同步发电机（HESM）是在永磁同步发电机的基础上,在电机的定子或转子上加入电励磁绕组以调节电机主磁通的新型发电机。先对混合励磁永磁同步发电机的工作原理进行了详细分析,并对电机较为复杂的磁路进行了等效简化。     

混合励磁永磁电机齿谐波绕组特性计算与分析

为了在电机设计阶段把握混合励磁永磁同步发电机齿谐波绕组的空载和负载特性,应用电机理论定性分析了转子齿谐波电动势的产生机理及特点。根据其特点,提出了一种准确计算齿谐波绕组电动势波形的方法。应用该方法对一台齿谐波励磁的混合励磁永磁同步发电机的齿谐波绕组电压随励磁电流和电枢电流的变化分别进行了计算,并对其变化趋势进行了详细的分析。分析表明:齿谐波绕组特性与电枢绕组特性不同,其受磁路饱和影响较大。计算结果和实验结果的比较验证了计算方法的准确性以及理论分析的正确性。     

并列转子混合励磁同步发电机转子磁极匹配研究

针对一种用于交流发电的并列转子混合励磁同步发电机,研究了Halbach永磁转子和隐极电励磁转子2种转子磁极匹配对发电机输出特性的影响。基于2种转子的气隙磁场解析模型,一方面通过电压方程研究了不同转子轴向长度匹配下发电机的外特性和励磁电流,给出了一种永磁转子轴向长度的选定原则;另一方面提出了一种转子磁极结构的匹配方法,通过谐波相抵来降低电压波形的畸变率。选择一种特定转子磁极组合,进行了仿真和样机试验验证。研究结果表明:对于所选的轴向长度匹配,既能实现恒压输出,又具有较低的励磁电流;混合励磁发电与永磁转子单独发电相比,电压波形畸变率降低。仿真及试验结果证明了转子磁极匹配方法的正确性。     

混合励磁永磁同步发电机的电磁场有限元分析

介绍了一种混合励磁永磁同步发电机的电磁场有限元分析，这种发电机的主发电机部分和一般的永磁同步发电机相同，样机采用了表面径向式磁钢转子，另有用于调节电压的辅助电励磁部分，两部分共有一套电枢绕组。为了精确计算该发电机的参数和特性，采用了电磁场有限元计算，特别是对磁场分布比较复杂的电励磁部分采用了三维电磁场分析，在有限元数值计算的基础上，推导了计算发电机外特性的等效电路，并加工了实验样机，样机实测数据和计算结果相吻合。     

双电压复合励磁稀土永磁同步发电机设计研究

文章研究了一种新型双电压输出的复合励磁稀土永磁同步发电机。该发电机的定子采用双绕组结构，转子采用永磁体和辅助电励磁相结合的复合励磁结构，兼顾了永磁同步发电机和电励磁同步发电机的优点。文章对这种电机结构原理、电磁计算进行了详细分析，通过对双绕组电枢反应的d-q轴电磁解耦，推导出其电磁计算的数学模型，得出各绕组输出电压的数学公式。样机的试验结果与设计结果进行了比较，证明了其推导的正确性。     

新型集中绕组小型永磁风力发电机的设计与分析

介绍一种新型绕组连接方式的永磁无刷电机,采用特殊的定子槽/转子极配合,功率密度高,定位力矩小,适用于小型风力发电系统.以一台三相24/22极样机为例,分析其结构特点和运行原理,并基于有限元法,研究其设计过程.在此基础上,对样机的感应电动势、电磁转矩、输出功率、效率等进行实验验证.结果表明:该种电机在无需斜槽或斜极的条件下,采用集中绕组即可获得正弦电势,且保持较高的功率密度和效率,为小型风力发电机的选型提供一种新的方案.     

A Hybrid Interior Rotor High-performance Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Abstract—This article describes the development of a line start permanent magnet synchronous motor with a rotor containing interior mounted magnets. The rotor is a hybrid of both circumferentially as well as radially magnetized magnets arranged so it produces consequent poles. Steady-state and transient performances of the line start permanent magnet synchronous motors have been analyzed by using time-stepping finite-element analysis. Simulation results show that the optimum performance of the rotor is achieved for a specific magnet volume, a substantial improvement on performances of all such rotors reported so far (based on the detailed study of all these rotor types). The hybrid rotor has improved the synchronous performance of the machine without degrading its starting characteristics when compared with an equivalent induction motor. Two experimental prototypes of the proposed design have been built in the laboratory, and their performances have been compared with the performance of a conventional line start permanent magnet synchronous motor having only circumferentially magnetized magnets in its rotor, as well as that of a standard induction motor of the same frame size and physical dimensions. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid interior rotor significantly improves machine performance.     

Permanent magnet synchronous machines with concentrated coil armature windings: analysis and test validation of Single Stator–Double Rotor,axial flux machines

Some design and operation aspects of axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machines, employing armature windings with concentrated coils wound around the stator teeth, are presented. The e.m.f. control is based on the variation of the windings flux linkage, obtained by modifying the stator (or rotor) configuration. Thanks to the high number of poles and the excellent waveform quality, even with deep field weakening, these machines exhibit a satisfactory operation at low speed, both as generators and motors. In the paper, the main constructive machine features are discussed, together with some design and FEM results. A test on a prototype has also been carried out.     

A brushless electric motor with a transverse magnetic flux and disk rotor

Brushless permanent magnet machines (BPMMs) have a greater efficiency and smaller overall dimensions than do other types of machines and are widely used in electric drives for various purposes. Two types of BPMMs are used in practice: BPMMs with a classical double-layer-distributed stator winding and BPMMs with a toothed-step stator winding. There exists another type of BPMM with a transverse magnetic flux (transverse flux motors, TFMs) which is being actively studied. In TFM electric motors, the magnetic lines of fluxes of the poles of rotor end perpendicular to the direction of rotor rotation. Stator windings in these machines are fabricated as rings coaxial with rotor, and the magnetic circuit of stator consists of separate fragments. Specialists assert electric TFMs have a higher specific power—the ratio between the output power and the mass of the machine—than the electric motors of other type. They are of interest, first and foremost, for electric drives without reducing gears. In most TFM, only a half of the poles of rotor are magnetically connected with circular phases of stator. In this work, the TFM design with disk rotor is described, in which the magnetic flux of all poles of rotor is coupled to the circular phases of stator. The stator magnetic circuit in this machine consists of P-like elements, and alternation of polarity of these elements is provided due to the change of their position. As a result, the magnetic flux coupled to the circular phase increases doubles, as do the machine torque and power. Some results of modeling of a three-phase electric motor are presented. The results were obtained using the Ansys Maxwell computer code, including a graph of the change of torque on the shaft of a machine under rotation of the rotor under conditions of sinusoidal currents in phases.     

Characteristics of a permanent magnet type bearingless motor

Super high-speed and high-power electric machines are required for turbomolecular pumps and spindle drives. High rotational speed and high power drives can be achieved with bearingless motors. In this paper, a bearingless motor with the principles of permanent magnet type synchronous motors is proposed. High power factor and high efficiency can be expected in permanent magnet type bearingless motors. The proposed bearingless motor is a 4 pole permanent magnet synchronous motor, in which additional 2-pole windings are wound together with 4-pole motor windings in stator slots. With currents of 2-pole windings, radial magnetic forces are produced to support a rotor shaft. Principles of radial force production of surface-mounted permanent magnet bearingless motors are analyzed mathematically. It was found that radial forces are efficiently produced by employing thin permanent magnets on the surface of rotor iron core. A test machine was built in order to measure inductance functions as well as relationships between voltages and currents     

表贴式永磁同步电机无速传感器驱动

对转子表贴式永磁同步电机(PMSM)提出了无传感器的驱动策略。基于非线性估计方法,准确估计了转子位置与转子速度,即使系统在瞬态下,估计仍然是准确的。由于该估计系统不含永久磁铁建立的磁链,因此无传感器驱动策略对磁链变化具有鲁棒性。实验结果验证了该方案的可行性。     

Analysis and characteristics of a permanent magnet-type bearingless motor

Super-high-speed and high-power electric machines are required for turbomolecular pumps and spindle drives. High rotational speed and high-power drives can be achieved with bearingless motors. In this paper, a bearingless motor with principles of permanent magnet-type synchronous motors is proposed. High-power factor and high efficiency can be expected in permanent magnet-type bearingless motors. The proposed bearingless motor is a 4-pole permanent magnet synchronous motor, in which additional 2-pole windings are wound together with 4-pole motor windings in stator slots. With currents of 2-pole windings, radial magnetic forces are produced to support a rotor shaft. Principles of radial force production of surface-mounted permanent magnet bearingless motors are analyzed mathematically. The relationships between radial forces and the permanent magnet thickness were derived. From these relationships, the optimal permanent magnet thickness to produce radial forces efficiently is found. A test machine was built to confirm the relationships of radial forces, currents and voltages.     

Design of a new axially-laminated interior permanent magnet motor

The design of a new type of axially-laminated interior permanent magnet motor drive showing an extremely wide constant-power speed range which exceeds 7.5:1 is described. The effect on the field-weakening performance of the number of poles, the pole-piece material, the rotor bolt holes, the airgap size, the rotor insulation ratio, and the magnet type are analyzed using analytical and finite-element techniques. A 7.5-kW synchronous reluctance and a 7.5-kW interior permanent magnet axially-laminated rotor were built for a commercial induction motor stator and experimental low-speed and field-weakening results are presented     

外转子双凸极永磁电动机的有限元分析

在双凸极变磁阻电机基础上，提出了一种外转子结构的双凸极永磁电动机并确定了其结构尺寸。针对该电机在不同转子位置角、不同电枢电流分别工作在单拍和双拍时的空载、负载以及电枢磁场单独作用的情况进行了基于场量的有限元数值计算，并进一步得出了该电机的静态参数特性曲线。分析表明，相对于双凸极变磁阻电机而言，由于该电机高磁阻高矫顽力的永磁体的存在，电机电枢磁链只能通过相邻极闭合而不能穿过磁钢匝链到其他相，使得绕组电感特性发生了变化。电枢磁通对永磁磁通增磁或去磁特性改变了永磁磁链的流向。电机由半周期控制运行模式变为全周期控制运行。     

新型混合励磁发电系统用无刷励磁机电磁性能分析

本文提出了新型混合励磁发电系统,它由混合励磁发电机、无刷励磁机和旋转整流器构成,其中混合励磁发电机转子由结构上独立的两部分——永磁体和电励磁组成,定子铁心沿轴向分为三段:永磁部分定子铁心、电励磁部分定子铁心以及中间部分定子铁心,其中中间部分定子铁心采用非导磁材料。新型混合励磁系统具有永磁电机高效、高功率密度的优点。本文仅针对新型混合励磁发电系统中的无刷励磁机进行分析,无刷励磁机结构与绕线式异步电机结构相似,定、转子均采用三相绕组,无刷励磁机的转子与混合励磁发电机转子同轴,转子绕组经固定在同发电机转轴上的二极管整流将交流变为直流,供给混合励磁发电机励磁。同时本文采用电磁场有限元法对无刷励磁运行机理和电磁性能进行分析,其中包括供电电源类型、定子电流特性和转矩特性等。本研究成果对掌握无刷励磁机运行特性具有重要作用。