Influence of adsorption behaviour of a silane coupling agent on interlaminar fracture in glass fibre fabric-reinforced unsaturated polyester laminates

The relationship between the interphase consisting of physisorbed and chemisorbed silane on glass fibres and the resultant composite Mode I delamination fracture toughness in glass fibre fabric laminate, was studied. The Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of the laminate specimen was obtained by using a double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen. The delamination resistance of the laminate specimen finished with two silane concentrations and washed in methanol solvent, is discussed on the basis of the interlaminar fracture toughness. In order to determine the amount of physisorbed and chemisorbed silane on the glass fibre, the amount of total carbon was determined using an analysis instrument. The physisorbed silane migrated into the resin matrix and influenced the mechanical properties and interlaminar fracture of the laminate specimen. The amount of unsaturated polyester resin blended with a silane coupling agent was measured using dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, and a DCB specimen for mechanical properties and fracture toughness.     

Effect of coupling agent on natural fibre in natural fibre/polypropylene composites on mechanical and thermal behaviour

To enhance the adhesion between the natural fibre and the thermoplastic matrix, a coupling agent of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene MAPP is applied. In literature, there are different guidelines of the optimum percentage required of MAPP. Therefore, a systematic work is carried out to optimise the MAPP percent with respect to the type of the natural fibre. Different parameters are investigated namely; Coupling agent ratio to the fibre (0%, 6.67%, 10%, 13.3%, 16.67%), coupling agent source, fibre type (flax, hemp, sisal), and fibre content (30%, 50%). Composite is produced using a kneader and the resulting material is assessed mechanically, thermally, microscopically and for water absorption. For different MAPP source and the natural fibre type, optimum MAPP to fibre ratio is found in average to range between 10% and 13.3% according to the investigated property (stiffness, strength and impact). Increase of MAPP is found to decrease the melting temperature. The thermal behaviour is also linked to the copolymer molecular weight.     

有机硅烷偶联剂对水性聚氨酯材料性能的影响

以IPDI为硬段,PTMG1000为软段,TMP为交联剂,APTES为封端剂,合成了一系列硅烷偶联剂改性水性聚氨酯乳液,并制备了水性聚氨酯的固化膜.FT-IR分析表明,APTES上的一NH2 与聚铵酯的端--NCO发生反应,成功地将硅烷结构引入聚氨酯分子中.TG分析表明,APTES的改性,提高了聚氨酯热稳定性.随着w(...     

Influence of silane coupling agents on interlaminar fracture in glass fibre fabric reinforced unsaturated polyester laminates

The relationship between the adhesive properties of the interphase of glass fibre/resin and the resultant composite Mode I delamination fracture toughness in glass fibre fabric laminate (GFFL) was studied. The Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of GFFL was obtained by using a double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen. The delamination resistance of GFFLs which have two silane coupling agents and three concentration finishes is discussed on the basis of interlaminar fracture toughness. The crack propagation behaviour of DCB testing was mainly divided into stable and unstable manners. The fracture toughness and the crack propagation behaviour were dependent on the types and concentration of silane coupling agents.     

Effect of interfacial silane network structure on interfacial strength in glass fibre composites

The effect of crosslinked structure of silane condensates on the interfacial strength between silane-treated glass fibre and epoxy resin was examined using a dialkoxysilane, γ-aminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane (APDS), and a trialkoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTS). Glass fibres were treated with aqueous solutions of APDS, ATPS or mixtures of both to change the silane crosslink density, and then washed with methanol to leave only chemically bonded silane at the surface. As an index of interfacial strength, the interfacial stress transmissibility was determined using a modified single-filament test. The interfacial strength decreased in the order APDS, mixtures of APTS and APDS, and APTS, showing that siloxane crosslinking of the silane condensates reduces the interfacial strength. This result suggests that the crosslinked structure depresses the penetration of the resin into the interphase and hinders reaction between silane organofunctional groups and the resin. In addition, treatment of the glass fibre with the various APDS-APTS mixtures reduced the interfacial strength in all cases, compared with the strength after APDS treatment alone. This indicates that the silane interphases formed in the present system do not lead to the formation of interpenetrating networks with the resin molecules.     

硅烷偶联剂改性聚氨酯的研究

从原料和工艺两方面出发,对以γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)为基础的硅烷改性聚氨酯(SPU)进行了改善.原料方面,改性后的KH550由伯氨基转化为仲氨基,反应活性降低;工艺方面,将KH550加料顺序提前.试验结果表明:这两种方法均有利于降低SPU树脂的黏度和提高反应平稳性;较好解决了由于黏度上升太快引起的KH550自聚凝团问题.     

偶联剂在溶胶中的应用研究

采用激光粒度仪、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外分析测试仪(FTIR)以及紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等测试手段,研究了在酸性条件下制备SiO2溶胶过程中硅烷偶联剂(KH-570)对二氧化硅(SiO2)溶胶性能的影响.结果表明:加入硅烷偶联剂改性的SiO2溶胶体系分散均匀无团簇,并且由此制得的SiO2薄膜透光率高于没有经过改性的薄膜.     

长链烷基硅烷偶联剂的合成研究

以甲基二氯硅烷与1-十二碳烯在铂催化剂作用下合成了甲基十二烷基二氯硅烷,并以无溶剂气-液相反应法醇解得到了甲基十二烷基二甲氧基硅烷。考察了催化剂对加成反应及原料配比、温度、填料大小等因素对醇解反应的各种影响。确立了最佳的反应条件。     

有机硅烷偶联剂对聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料性能的影响

同步采用无皂乳液聚合法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料,通过TEM、力学性能、DSC、TG和XRD等检测手段研究了不同有机硅烷偶联剂对聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,分别采用3-甲基丙烯酸氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO)和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO)制备的纳米复合材料,力学性能随其用量的增加而同步增强增韧;TEM结果表明,采用MEMO和VTMO制备的聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料中的纳米SiO2的粒径约20nm,且分布均匀;热性能结果表明,采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTEO)制备的纳米复合材料的玻璃化温度(-8.1℃)和热裂解温度(350℃)最高;XRD结果表明,有机硅烷偶联剂的加入降低了纳米复合材料的结晶度.     

硅烷偶联剂修饰高岭土对沥青物理和老化性能的影响

为改善沥青的物理和老化性能,本文采用γ-(2,3环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)对高岭土进行了表面修饰,通过熔融共混法分别制备了高岭土和表面修饰高岭土改性沥青,并对其进行了薄膜加热试验(TFOT)和压力老化容器试验(PAV),测试了高岭土和表面修饰高岭土改性沥青老化前后的物理性能,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对高岭土和表面修饰高岭土及其改性沥青老化前后的结构进行了表征。FTIR和XRD分析表明,KH560成功接枝到高岭土表面,但未改变高岭土的晶体结构。相比未修饰高岭土,表面修饰高岭土对沥青软化点和黏度的提高幅度更大,对沥青低温延度的不利影响减弱,TFOT和PAV老化对沥青性能的负面影响降低,并有效抑制了沥青老化后羰基指数的增加,显著改善了沥青的抗热氧老化性能。随着表面修饰高岭土掺量的增加,沥青物理性能和抗老化性能的提升越来越明显。     

硅烷偶联剂在二氧化硅基片表面吸附膜的形貌

使用原子力显微镜(AFM)观测了吸附在二氧化硅基片表面的硅烷偶联剂薄膜的形貌.结果表明,在气相法吸附过程中偶联剂是以分子形态吸附在基片表面,而在液相法吸附过程中偶联剂是以分子聚合体的形态吸附在基片表面,因此通过气相法吸附在基片表面的吸附膜比通过液相法吸附在基片表面的吸附膜光滑.硅烷偶联剂在二氧化硅基片表面有化学吸附和物理吸附两种模式,吸附了硅烷偶联剂薄膜的基片表面呈现出一定的疏水性.     

Nanoscale characterisation of interphase in silane treated glass fibre composites

The properties of the interphase formed between a glass fibre and a polymer resin have been characterised based on novel techniques, including the nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests and the thermal capacity jump measurement. The variation of interphase thickness affected by differing silane coupling agents is specifically evaluated. The nanoindentation test gives an interphase thickness of approximately 1 μm with large variations between specimens, and is not sensitive enough to identify the effect of different silane agents. The effective interphase thickness measured from the nanoscratch test varies between 0.8 and 1.5 μm depending on the type and concentration of silane agent. The higher is the silane agent concentration, the larger is the interphase thickness. These values are consistent with those measured based on the heat capacity changes in terms of general trend, although the latter technique tends to present slightly higher values. The foregoing observations strongly support the usefulness of the techniques for interphase characterisation.     

Effect of silane coupling agents on mechanical and thermal properties of polyester resin concrete

Polyester resin-quartzite aggregate composites have been investigated for the effect of two silane coupling agents (γ-aminopropyl triethoxy silane andγ-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane) on the mechanical and thermal properties. The integral blend additive method of application of the coupling agent was used in the preparation of the samples. Variation of the thermal stability and the compressive strength with the nature and the content of the silane coupling agent were quite consistent. The properties showed maxima around a certain value of the coupling agent content, which is suggested as the optimum value. Results are also presented on the samples containing an additional filler, namely, the CaCO₃.     

Effect of silane as coupling agent on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3-epoxy composites

The influence of silane coupling agents on the microstructure and dielectric behaviour of epoxy/BaTiO₃ composites was studied. Epoxy was diluted using tetrahydrofuran as solvent in order to facilitate the mixing step. Methoxy silane was applied onto ceramic particles. Different diluted aqueous solutions with 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50 wt% of silane/BaTiO₃ were used. Dipping technique was utilised to obtain composite films. Dielectric measurements were performed from 25 Hz to 1 MHz and from 20 °C to 120 °C. Composites presented good dielectric properties and a strong dependence with the silane concentration.     

Surface modification of nano-TiN by using silane coupling agent

Titanium nitride (TiN) nano-particles were subjected to graft modification by silane coupling agent (KH-570) via a direct blending method. The hydroxyl groups on the surface of TiN nano-particles can interact with silanol groups [-Si-OCH₃] of KH-570 forming an organic coating layer. The covalent bonds (Ti-O-Si) formation was testified by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through transmission electron micrograph (TEM) observations, it was found that KH-570 could improve the dispersibility of nano-TiN particles in ethyl acetate. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle measurements indicated that KH-570 molecules were adsorbed or anchored on the surface of nano-TiN particle and the net efficiency of it was 22.76 %, which facilitated to hinder the aggregation of nano-TiN particles.     

硅烷偶联剂处理对 SF/PP结构和性能的影响

采用熔融共混和注塑成型的方法制备了硅烷偶联剂处理的剑麻短纤维(SF)增强聚丙烯(PP)的复合材料,研究了SF表面偶联剂处理对复合材料的晶形结构、微观结构、热性能及力学性能的影响.结果表明硅烷处理削弱了SF在PP结晶过程中的异相成核作用,降低了SF/PP复合材料中PP相的结晶度、结晶温度和结晶速率;提高了复合材料中β-晶型PP的相对含量;增强了SF/PP的界面键合,显著提高了复合材料的冲击强度.     

Role of silane coupling agent and polymeric film former for tailoring glass fiber sizings from tensile strength measurements

Tensile strengths of differently sized E-glass fibres have been characterised using a bimodal Weibull two parameters cumulative distribution function. By comparing unsized fibres, pure silanes, different film formers, and silane/film former combinations, a comprehensive summary on the healing effect for surface flaws in relation to the type of sizing emulsion has been obtained. The great influence of the film former, which is the main component of the sizing by weight, was shown to affect both the healing of initially occuring flaws in the unsized fibre and the possibility of creating new defects. Besides the single influence of the film former, the synergetic effect of silane and film former polymer has been shown. In fact, the presence of sizing influences both the population of flaws on the fibre surface and the structure of the interphase, which will be created from the impregnation with a polymer matrix. Data from statistics of fracture as a function of the nature of sizings were discussed according to the literature on stress corrosion of E-glass filaments.     

硅烷类偶联剂对蓄光性荧光粉的表面处理

采用硅烷类偶联剂对蓄光性荧光粉YLAG进行了表面处理,并将荧光粉与尼龙66(PA66)进行熔融共混,利用散射式浊度仪、透射电镜、红外光谱、扫描电镜分别研究了表面处理前后荧光粉的沉降性、微观形貌及化学结构的变化,以及荧光粉/聚合物共混体系的形态结构.结果表明,经硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理后,荧光粉与偶联剂有一定键合作用,表面处理后荧光粉的沉降速度明显减小,在PA66中的分散性得以改善.     

硅烷类偶联剂KH-570对T-ZnOw的表面改性研究

选用硅烷类偶联剂KH-570对T-ZnOw进行湿法表面化学改性。探讨了改性条件对改性效果的影响,并采用活化指数、接触角测定、红外光谱测定等手段对改性效果作了表征。结果表明,对T-ZnOw表面改性的最适宜的条件为:pH值为6,室温下水解1h,偶联剂用量为3%,在65℃偶联2h。采用改性方法和条件,可以取得满意的改性效果,改性后的T-ZnOw分散性得到了明显改善。     

硅烷偶联剂KH550表面改性纳米Al2O3的研究

利用硅烷偶联剂KH550对自制均匀分散的纳米Al2O3进行表面改性。红外光谱分析表明,纳米Al2O3表面成功接枝了KH550。热失重分析得出KH550的最佳用量为2.5%,最佳改性时间为60min,吸附量约为2.394%。透射电镜照片表明,表面改性提高了纳米Al2O3在无水乙醇体系中的分散均匀性,表面由亲水变为亲油。