(MCrAlY+AISiY)复合涂层的高温氧化行为

采用电弧离子镀技术在镍基高温合金K465上制备了(MCrAlY+AlSiY)复合涂层,分析了复合涂层的组织及结构,对比研究了NiCoCrAlYSiB单一涂层及(NiCoCrAlYSiB+AlSiY)复合涂层分别在1000及1100℃时的恒温氧化行为和从1000℃到室温的循环氧化行为.结果表明:退火后复合涂层外层主要由β-(Ni,Co)Al相及少量σ-NiCoCr和CraSi相组成,内层主要是富Cr相及少量β-(Ni,Co)Al相.氧化过程中由于Al的消耗,单一涂层表面生成了尖晶石和NiO,而复合涂层中的β-(Ni,Co)Al相退化成γ/γ'相,提供Al源支持表面Al2O3膜的形成和修复,从而提高了抗高温氧化性能.     

(MCrAlY+AlSiY)复合涂层的高温氧化行为

采用电弧离子镀技术在镍基高温合金K465上制备了（MCrAlY＋AlSiY）复合涂层,分析了复合涂层的组织及结构,对比研究了NiCoCrAlYSiB单一涂层及（NiCoCrAlYSiB＋AlSiY）复合涂层分别在1000及1100℃时的恒温氧化行为和从1000℃到室温的循环氧化行为.结果表明：退火后复合涂层外层主要由β-（Ni,Co）Al相及少量σ-NiCoCr和Cr3Si相组成,内层主要是富Cr相及少量β-（Ni,Co）Al相.氧化过程中由于Al的消耗,单一涂层表面生成了尖晶石和NiO,而复合涂层中的β-（Ni,Co）Al相退化成γ/γ′相,提供Al源支持表面Al2O3膜的形成和修复,从而提高了抗高温氧化性能.     

梯度NiCrAlY涂层的1000和1100℃氧化行为研究

采用电弧离子镀技术及后续热处理工艺在镍基高温合金上制备了均匀NiCrAlY涂层和梯度NiCrAlY涂层,分析了2种涂层的组织结构,对比研究了2种涂层静态空气下1000和1100℃恒温氧化行为以及1100℃的循环氧化行为.结果表明:均匀NiCrAlY涂层由γ′/γ相和少量β-NiAl相、α-Cr相组成,成分分布均匀;梯度NiCrAlY涂层具有外层富Al和内层富Cr的结构,其中外层由β-NiAl相和少量γ′/γ相、α-Cr相组成.一方面,梯度涂层的初始Al含量较高;另一方面,氧化过程中其富Cr区两侧出现了对富Al区的Al向基体扩散起阻碍作用的Cr(W)析出带.这两方面使梯度涂层长时间维持更多的Al存储相,提升了氧化膜的迅速生成及再生成能力,从而使涂层具有较好的抗氧化性能.     

NiCoCrAlYSiB+AlSiY梯度涂层恒温氧化行为

采用电弧离子镀技术在镍基单晶高温合金基体上制备了NiCoCrAlYSiB涂层和(NiCoCrAlYSiB+AlSiY)梯度涂层,对比研究了2种涂层退火态的组织结构和在1000,1100和1150℃下的恒温氧化行为.结果表明:退火处理后,NiCoCrAlYSiB涂层是由γ/γ相和弥散其中的点状β-NiAl相构成;(NiCoCrAlYSiB+AlSiY)梯度涂层分为两层,外层以β-NiAl相为主,含有少量的Cr3Si相、内层和NiCoCrAlYSiB涂层的结构相似.NiCoCrAlYSiB涂层在1000℃下有良好的抗氧化性能,在1100和1150℃下因表面生成保护性较差的尖晶石相而快速退化;(NiCoCrAlYSiB+AlSiY)梯度涂层在1000—1150℃下均表现出良好的抗高温氧化性能,1100℃度下氧化300 h后仍有大量的β-NiAl相存在,1150℃下氧化300 h后涂层中Al含量仍在8%(质量分数)以上,少量的β-NiAl相和过饱和的γ/γ相可维持表面Al_2O_3膜的形成和修复.     

LDZ125微晶涂层抗循环氧化性能

研究了高温合金LDZ125及其溅射微晶涂层的抗循环氧化行为.微晶涂层仅由γ相组成,晶粒尺寸约为30nm.结果表明:微晶涂层在1000℃的抗循环氧化性能比铸态合金的有极大提高.微晶层氧化时只形成单一的Al2O3氧化膜,且在整个氧化过程中未见开裂剥落,有极好的粘附性.     

常温腐蚀对Al- Si涂层循环氧化行为的影响

研究常温腐蚀对镍基高温合金表面Al-Si防护涂层循环氧化行为的影响 .结果表明涂层在常温腐蚀后 ,涂层表面粗糙化 ,表层Al含量明显下降 .在循环氧化过程中不仅涂层内出现γ′ Ni3 Al相的时间明显提前 ,而且涂层表面Al2 O3 膜更易剥落 ,从而降低了涂层的抗循环氧化能力 ,缩短了涂层的寿命     

后处理对多弧离子镀NiCoCrAlY涂层高温氧化性能的影响

用多弧离子镀在镍基高温合金K417G上制备了NiCoCrAlY涂层,对涂层进行了1050℃真空退火4小时、粉末包覆渗铝、1100℃下预氧化1小时等后续预处理;研究了涂层在1000℃下的高温氧化行为.结果表明：真空退火处理使涂层组织更致密,涂层形成β+σ+γ/γ′多相平衡组织,轻微降低了涂层退化倾向;渗铝处理基本消除了涂层内孔洞,降低了表面粗糙度,使涂层表面Al含量大幅增加,形成β相/扩散过渡层/β+σ+γ/γ′三层结构,并延长了涂层的寿命;1100℃短时间预氧化使涂层表面形成了α-Al2O3薄层,阻碍了亚稳态氧化铝膜的形成,从而进一步提高了涂层的抗氧化性能,延迟了涂层退化.     

盐雾腐蚀对Al-Si涂层循环氧化行为的影响

研究了盐雾腐蚀对Ni基高温合金Al-Si防护涂层循环 氧化行为的影响.结果表明，涂层在盐雾腐蚀后，表面Al2O3膜受到破坏，出现大量的腐蚀坑，且蚀坑区域Al含量明显下降.在循环氧化过程中，腐蚀坑内重新生成的Al2O3膜粗糙且易剥落，蚀坑区域出现γ'-Ni3Al相的时间明显提前，从而降低了涂层的耐循环氧化能力，缩短了涂层的寿命.     

(Ni,Pd)Al涂层的高温氧化

在M38镍基高温合金上电镀Pd—20mass％Ni合金，采用低压固体粉末包埋渗铝方法制备钯改性铝化物涂层。XRD分析表明，涂层主要由β—(Ni，Pd)Al相组成。利用TGA、SEM等方法，研究了涂层在800℃～l100℃的初期高温氧化行为。结果表明，800℃、900℃和l100℃下，氧化动力学遵循抛物线规律，1000℃则不是；在800℃和900℃中等温度下，(Ni，Pd)Al涂层表面氧化产物除θ—Al2O3和α—Al2O3外，还含有少量的γ—Al2O3；在1000℃下，涂层表面存在θ—Al2O3和α—Al2O3两种氧化物；在l100℃下，涂层表面氧化产物主要是α--Al2O3。另外，在各温度下涂层表面的氧化产物中都含有少量的TiO2，并且随着温度升高，含量增加.     

Pd-Ni-Al涂层的高温短期氧化行为

在M38镍基高温合金上电镀Pd-20 mass%Ni合金，采用低压固体粉末包埋渗铝方法制备钯改性铝化物涂层，XRD分析表明，涂层主要由β-(Ni,Pd)Al相组成.利用TGA、SEM等方法，研究了涂层在800℃、900℃和1100℃的高温氧化行为表明，β-(Ni,Pd)Al涂层恒温氧化动力学遵循抛物线规律；1000℃氧化动力学则不遵循抛物线规律.在800℃和900℃下，β-(Ni,Pd)Al 涂层表面氧化产物包括α-Al2O3、θ-Al2O3和少量的γ-Al2O3；在1000℃下，涂层表面存在α-Al2O3和θ-Al2O3两种氧化物；在1100℃下，涂层表面氧化产物主要是α-Al2O3.此外，在各温度下涂层表面的氧化产物中都含有少量的TiO2，随着温度升高，其含量增加.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。