Brazing of Coated Al Foil Filler to AIN CeramicEI北大核心CSCD

The wettabilities of molten metals on ceramics are poor normally. In order to improve the wettability, all existing ceramic brazing methods introduce a compound transition layer formed by the reaction of active metal and ceramic. The transition layer between brazing seam and ceramic however creates negative effect on the properties of brazing joints. Although Al is the scarce metal which can wet some ceramics such as AIN and Al2O without reaction, the difficulty of removing oxide layer on surface prevents it being ceramic brazing filler. This work proposed a kind of coated Al foil filler able to remove its own Al2O3 film and an elevating temperature brazing process to enhance Al/AIN joint strength. Removing Al2O3. film effect of vapor deposited Ni/Al double layer film on Al foil and the effect of brazing temperature on improving joint strength were studied. The results showed that due to buried by Ni/Al double layer film, Al2O3 film on Al foil original surface broken and was swept in Al-1%Ni (atomic fraction) alloy liquid during heating and melting process. As a result, the direct brazing of Al to AIN without interface reaction transition layer was realized. The joint strength was significantly enhanced by elevating brazing temperature. When brazing at 680 degrees C, the joint fractured along the interface between Al seam and AIN and the sheer strength was 79 MPa because of Al liquid not wetting AIN. With the elevating of brazing temperature, the wettability and interface strength of Al/AIN improved. The fracture gradually transferred to brazing seam from interface. The joint strength increased and reached to the maximum value of 146 MPa at 840 degrees C.     

耐腐蚀性镍基箔带钎料钎焊不锈钢接头性能

采用新型耐腐蚀性镍基箔带钎料BNi685对316L不锈钢进行真空钎焊,研究了钎焊间隙对钎缝组织及力学性能的影响,对比了新型BNi685钎料钎焊接头与商用BNi2钎料,BNi685膏状钎焊接头的耐腐蚀性. 结果表明,随着钎焊间隙的增加,钎焊接头的抗拉强度逐渐降低,钎缝中心的显微硬度增加. 钎焊间隙为50 μm时,接头平均抗拉强度为244 MPa,钎缝组织主要由Ni_2.9Cr_0.7Fe_0.36,CrNiP,Cr₃P,Ni₅Cr₃Si相组成. 随着钎焊间隙增加,钎缝中心的CrNiP,Cr₃,Ni₅Cr₃Si相增多,Ni_2.9Cr_0.7Fe_0.36相减少. BNi685钎料钎焊接头的耐腐蚀性优于BNi2和BNi685膏状钎料钎焊接头,在EGR冷却器制造领域具有较大的应用潜力.     

Development of high strength stainless steel brazed joints using rapidly solidified filler alloys

Abstract

Two types of rapidly solidified filler alloys of nominal composition Cu–40Mn–10Ni (C50) and Ni–7Cr–3·2B–4·5Si–3Fe (N82) were used for stainless steel (SS304) brazing joints. The C50 foil is crystalline in nature, whereas N82 foil shows amorphous structure. The SS304/C50/SS304 joint shows solid solution phases at interfacial area, with maximum bond strength of 500 MPa, which qualifies to 80% of base metal strength. Conversely, the SS304/N82/SS304 joint develops brittle Cr_xB_y intermetallic phases, which lowers bond strength to 330 MPa.     

Brazing of A5056 aluminium alloy with the aid of ultrasonic vibration using Ag filler metal

In order to produce a high strength brazed joint of A5056 aluminium alloy containing magnesium of about 5 mass%, the authors applied a flux-free brazing method with the aid of ultrasonic vibration to the aluminium alloy by selecting pure Ag foil as brazing filler metal and examined the effect of brazing conditions on the joint properties. The main results obtained in this study are as follows.

At a brazing temperature of 570°C, just above the eutectic point of Al–Ag binary system, application of ultrasonic vibration for 4.0 s provided the brazed joint with the maximum tensile strength and the strength decreased with the application time. When the brazing temperature was varied from 550 to 580°C and the application time of ultrasonic vibration was kept constant at 4.0 s, the joint brazed at 560°C attained the maximum tensile strength and fractured in the base metal. It was found that using a pure Ag foil as brazing filler metal successfully brazed A5056 aluminium alloy and the joint strength was equivalent to that of the base metal. Fracture of the joint was prone to occur along the (Al₃Mg₂ + Al solid solution) phase with high hardness formed at the grain boundary of the base metal. The amount of the hard (Al₃Mg₂ + Al solid solution) phase increased with the ultrasonic application time and the brazing temperature. It seemed that the increase of the hard (Al₃Mg₂ + Al solid solution) phase mainly caused the brazed joint strength to decrease.     

Brazing C/SiC composites and Nb with TiNiNb active filler metal

Abstract

C/SiC composites and Nb were vacuum brazed with the Ti_39·4Ni_39·4Nb_21·2 alloy being the active filler metal. The mechanical properties of the filler material, the microstructure and the strength of brazing joints were investigated. The results showed that the filler TiNiNb alloy has a tensile strength of 860?MPa, an elongation of 51% and an elastic modulus of 78?GPa. Both Ti and Nb elements in the filler reacted with C/SiC during the brazing process, and a well bonded C/SiC–Nb joint was obtained. The ductile filler metal released the thermal stress in the joint. When the brazing was performed at 1220°C for 20?min, the shear strength of brazed joints reached 149, 120 and 73?MPa at 20, 600 and 800°C respectively.     

Ti-25Cu-25Zr钎料与纯钛的钎焊工艺

采用爆炸复合工艺,制成Ti-Cu-Zr 3层复合钎料坯,经轧制得到0.2 mm厚度的钎料箔.研究了Ti-25Cu-25Zr钎料钎焊纯钛的工艺及性能.利用瞬间液相扩散焊原理,分析钎料与钛基体之间的接触反应焊接机制,实验得到钎焊钎缝强度与保温时间的关系.结果表明,钎焊保温时间小于1.0 s时,由于钎料组元和钛基体之间的扩散还不充分,接头的断裂载荷在600 N以下,断裂发生在钎缝上;钎焊保温时间大于1.0 s时,钎料组元和钛基体之间发生了明显的扩散,接头强度显著提高,断裂载荷达到700 N,断裂发生在钛基体的热影响区;保温时间在1.0～4.0 s范围内时,接头强度趋于一致.     

钎焊温度对TC4与Ti3Al-Nb合金钎焊接头组织的影响

采用50Ti-20Zr-20Ni-10Cu粉末钎料对Ti3Al-Nb合金与TC4合金进行真空钎焊,通过SEM、EDS、电子探针及拉伸试验研究不同钎焊温度下钎焊接头的显微组织及性能特征.结果表明,钎焊温度升高钎焊接头强度并不提高;不同温度下钎焊接头中靠近TC4合金基体边界处均生成魏氏体组织,随温度升高魏氏体组织粗化程度加剧;整个钎焊接头中Ti3Al-Nb合金基体与钎料的反应程度弱于TC4合金基体.     

中间层对高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料真空钎焊的影响

采用铜箔、Al-Si-Mg及Al-Si-Mg/Cu/Al-Si-Mg(简称ACA)3种不同中间层对高体积分数45%SiC_p/Al复合材料进行真空钎焊连接研究.通过SEM,EDS及XRD等方法对钎缝的微观结构及界面组织进行了分析,研究了中间层种类对钎焊接头微观结构、界面组织以及连接强度的影响,阐明了不同中间层钎焊连接45%SiC_p/Al复合材料的界面形成过程及接头断裂机制.结果表明,ACA中间层兼具了铜和Al-Si-Mg钎料的优点,可降低钎料的液相线,增加其流动性,通过Cu原子优先在铝合金基体与其氧化膜的界面处扩散发生共晶反应,增强钎料的去膜作用,从而实现高体积分数45%SiC_p/Al复合材料的高质量连接.     

基于熵模型镀锡银钎料钎焊性能的定量表征

以BAg50CuZn钎料和BAg34CuZnSn钎料为基材，采用镀覆扩散组合工艺制备了两类镀锡银钎料，利用综合热分析仪、润湿试验炉、万能拉力试验机测定镀锡银钎料的熔化温度区间、润湿面积及钎焊接头抗拉强度，建立了钎料润湿熵和接头强度熵的数学模型，并与熔炼合金化制备的相同Sn含量的传统钎料进行对比. 结果表明，与相同Sn含量的传统钎料相比，镀锡银钎料的润湿熵值更小、强度熵值略高. 同等Sn含量条件下，镀锡银钎料和传统钎料润湿熵值的变化趋势，与对应钎料在316LN不锈钢表面的润湿面积随Sn含量的变化趋势基本一致，强度熵值的变化趋势与对应钎料钎焊316LN不锈钢接头的抗拉强度随Sn含量的变化趋势几乎吻合；润湿熵和强度熵的模型在一定程度上可定量预测镀锡银钎料的钎焊工艺性和接头力学性能.     

热解还原法制备镀镍ZrO2增强低银SnAgCu系复合钎料及其钎焊

本文采用热分解-还原法制备镀镍ZrO2增强相,粉末冶金法制备镀镍ZrO2增强Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu复合钎料,研究了ZrO2纳米颗粒表面金属化以及其对Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu复合钎料的微观结构、材料性能及钎焊接头的影响。结果表明:经机械预处理的ZrO2粒径减小、团聚降低;采用热分解-还原法成功地制备出了镀镍ZrO2增强相,Ni粒子以8-11 nm间距均匀附着于ZrO2表面,ZrO2(02)和Ni(11)界面呈半共格关系;添加适量镀镍ZrO2对Ni/ZrO2-Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu复合材料的熔点、电阻率影响不大,提高了润湿性和抗拉强度,在镀镍ZrO2增强相添加量为0.7 wt.%时Ni/ZrO2-Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu复合钎料抗拉强度、钎焊接头剪切强度均达峰值,较基体材料的相比提高了43.3%、40%。随着Ni-ZrO2增强相的添加,复合钎料钎焊接头的断裂位置由界面IMC层向过渡区的近钎缝侧移动,断裂机制由韧-脆混合断裂逐渐转为韧窝为主的韧性断裂。     

Microstructure and Property of Cu/Al Joint Brazed with Al-Si-Ge Filler MetalEI北大核心CSCD

Cu/Al brazing has good prospect for applications in the air conditioning and refrigeration industry. A suitable filler metal is the key of Cu/Al brazing. The chemical and physical properties of the filler metal have great influence on the brazing process and parameters. And the strength of the brazing joint is closely related to the properties of the filler metal and the brazing process. While the previous studies have not developed a kind of Cu/Al brazing filler metal which can achieve a tough joint at a low brazing temperature. In this work, the Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal was first used to braze Cu/Al dissimilar metals, and the melting characteristics of the filler metal, spreading wettability, Cu interfacial structure and strength of brazed joint were investigated systematically. Additionally, the common Zn-22Al filler metal was also used for comparison. The results show that the Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal possesses low melting temperature (about 541 degrees C) and excellent spreading wettability on Cu and Al base metals. The interfacial structure of Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge/Cu was CuAl2/CuAl/Cu3Al2. The thickness of planar CuAl and Cu3Al2 phases was only 1 similar to 2 mu m, and the thickness of cellular CuAl2 phase was about 3 mu m. The interfacial structure of Zn-22Al/Cu was CuAl2/CuAl/Cu9Al4, but the average thickness of the CuAl2 layer was up to 15 mm. The test results of the shearing strength show that the shearing strength of the Cu/Al joint brazed with Zn-22Al filler metal was only 42.7 MPa, but the shearing strength brazed with Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal was higher (53.4 MPa).     

Vacuum brazing Mo using Ti-Ni-Nb braze alloys

A novel approach of brazing Mo using three clad Ti-Ni-Nb foils, 40Ti-35Ni-25Nb, 50Ti-35Ni-15Nb and 60Ti-15Ni-25Nb in wt.%, has been performed in the experiment. Similar microstructural evolution of the joint is observed for three foils. The joint using 60Ti-25Ni-15Nb foil brazed at 1250 °C for 600 s demonstrates the highest bending strength of 526 MPa. The clad Ti-Ni-Nb foils show potential in brazing Mo for industrial application.     

TC4钛合金消音蜂窝结构钎焊工艺

采用Ti基钎料真空钎焊方法进行了TC4钛合金消音蜂窝钎焊试验,对不同钎料添加厚度钎焊后消音蜂窝堵孔、钎焊界面焊合率、钎焊界面组织和力学性能进行了对比分析,确定了TC4钛合金消音蜂窝钎料添加厚度和钎焊工艺参数.结果表明,随着钎料添加厚度的增加,消音蜂窝带孔面板堵孔率增加,同时钎料元素对钎焊界面原始组织溶解加剧,蜂窝的拉伸力学性能下降明显.增加钎料添加厚度能够显著提高钎焊界面焊合率,当钎料添加厚度增加至30 μm以上时,能够获得焊合率良好的消音蜂窝结构.钎料添加厚度为30 μm,钎焊温度920℃,保温时间90 min时,钎焊后的钛合金消音蜂窝力学性能良好,且消音蜂窝声学性能试验测试结果和理论模型计算结果一致.     

Fe3Al合金的钎焊性能试验研究

分别采用铜基钎料及工业纯铝1060(L2)作中间层在空气炉中进行Fe3Al合金的钎焊试验。试验结果表明：采用铜基钎料钎焊Fe3Al合金与18—8钢试样,钎料对母材的润湿性良好,且在Fe3Al合金一侧出现Cu的晶间渗入现象及微裂纹;采用纯铝箔作中间层钎焊Fe3Al合金,接头区域有明显的扩散反应区,通过对接头区的显微硬度进行测定,并结合X射线衍射分析结果,发现在接头处有高硬度的脆性相(Fe2Al5)生成。     

Effect of interlayer on the mechanical properties of YG8 hard carbide/40Cr steel brazed joints

The effects of Cu foil and Ni foil on the mechanical properties of YG8 hard carbide/4OCr steel brazed joints were investigated. The results show that both Cu foil and Ni foil were beneficial to decrease the residual stress and enhance the joint strength. Moreover, Ni foil exhibited the better impact on enhancing the joint strength relative to Cu foil. When Cu foil was used as interlayer material, the key factor to restrain the joint strength was the massive and quick dissolution of Cu. Therefore, in order to prevent the excessive dissolution of Cu foil, the process parameter should be controlled strictly in the brazing process.     

Laser and resistance joining of aluminum–graphite composite

This research investigates welding and brazing of Al–Gr composite using different joining techniques. Limited success is obtained for laser welding since laser degrades the mechanical properties at the weld due to defects in the resolidified aluminum matrix, delamination of graphite fibers, and formation of brittle aluminum carbide Al₄C₃. Brazing is the preferred technique since the low brazing temperature of filler material suppresses the formation of Al₄C₃ while minimizing shrinkage cavities in the joint. Microstructural study and shear testing confirms the success of joining Al–Gr by laser brazing and resistance brazing with Zn–Al filler.     

TC4钛合金蜂窝板钎焊接头组织性能分析

研究了TC4钛合金蜂窝板的钎焊工艺,试验采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料,真空度不低于2×10-3 Pa,钎焊温度为930℃,保温时间为30 min.对焊后试件的钎焊界面组织进行超声无损检测,检测结果表明面板与蜂窝芯钎焊效果极好,未发现有脱焊、虚焊等现象.采用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDS）法进行了试验分析.结果表明,母材和钎料发生相互扩散渗透反应,并出现有新的析出相.该工艺下蜂窝板的界面平均拉脱强度为12.8 MPa,抗剪强度为9.01 MPa,钎焊接头属于脆性断裂.     

Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷的连接强度

采用Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20非晶钎料钎焊Si3N4陶瓷,研究钎焊工艺参数对界面反应层和接头连接强度的影响。结果表明:随着钎焊时间的增加和钎焊温度的提高,接头弯曲强度都表现出先上升后下降的趋势;钎焊工艺参数对连接强度的影响主要是由于影响反应层厚度所致;在相同钎焊工艺条件下,采用Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20非晶态钎料和晶态钎料相比,其接头连接强度提高了84%。     

陶瓷/金属钎焊用钎料及其钎焊工艺进展

阐述了陶瓷／金属钎焊用不同温度的活性钎料及以降低焊缝残余应力为中心的钎焊工艺进展;指出：在我国耐高温、抗氧化性优良的高温耐热型活性钎料是重点发展方向;介绍了降低焊缝残余应力的钎焊工艺和焊缝中间添加过渡层的选择原则。