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随着中国经济的快速发展,能源消费不断提高。利用能源消费量的历史数据,建立了我国能源消费系统的ARMA模型和灰色预测模型的组合模型,通过组合模型和ARMA模型、灰色预测模型的具体比较分析,证明组合模型更为易行、有效,可以作为我国及地区未来能源消费量预测的有效工具。 相似文献
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随着中国经济的快速发展,能源消费不断提高。利用能源消费量的历吏数据,建立了我国能源消费系统的ARMA模型和灰色预测模型的组合模型。通过组合模型和ARMA模型、灰色预测模型的具体比较分析,证明组合模型更为易行、有效,可以作为我国及地区未来能源消费量预测的有效工具。 相似文献
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2030年中国实现二氧化碳排放峰值战略措施研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《能源研究与利用》2016,(6)
文中应用建立的中国能源活动温室气体排放计算模型,对2014~2030年期间中国三个可替代的能源发展方案二氧化碳排放量进行了预测,提出了中国实现2030年二氧化碳排放峰值的战略措施。研究表明:节约能源、能源优质化和适当的经济发展速度是我国实现2030年二氧化碳排放峰值的三大战略措施。 相似文献
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为了减少二氧化碳排放量,根据中国能源消费量大和人口众多的国情,需要控制2050年个人乘用车保有量不超过3×108辆;石油消费量控制在6.0×108t;将城市商业和居住领域人均天然气消费量提高到200~250m3,天然气发电消费量提高到3000×108~3500×108m3,消费总量达到9000×108m3;将煤炭消费量控制在一次能源需求量的36%左右;人均电力消费量提高到8000k W·h。应从2030年起规模化、商业化地实施二氧化碳捕集与封存(CCS)措施。根据IPCC第五次评估报告(AR5)第一工作组报告第11章和第12章的评估数据,分析碳排放量对远期(至2100年)及未来更长时期(至2300年)气候变化的影响。按照比较符合实际的RCP4.5情景数据,根据预估的中远期的碳排放量,预测21世纪下半叶大气气温将逐渐升高,23世纪全球平均温升可达2.5℃±0.6℃。IPCC预测2050年全球温室气体排放量将到达峰值(约50Gt二氧化碳当量),然后逐步降低,到2080年后稳定在约25Gt二氧化碳当量的水平。21世纪末世界人均二氧化碳排放量将达到2t的水平,对发展中国家而言碳减排压力仍然相当大,需采取严格而有效的碳减排措施。欧盟新近向联合国提出的全球2050年减排目标,与中国2030年达到碳排放峰值的承诺不一致,值得关注。 相似文献
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中国能源温室气体排放与可持续发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
全球气候变化对经济社会的可持续发展带来严重挑战。影响温室气体排放的因素主要有经济增长、人口、能源消费强度、能源结构等。预计中国2005~2020年GDP年均增长率为8.0%~8.6%。基准情景下,中国2050年能源需求总量达到66.19×108t标煤,人均能源消费量4.4t标煤,CO2排放量117.3×108t,能源消费弹性系数0.42,2020年CO2排放强度比2005年下降43%~48%;减排情景下,中国2050年能源消费量50.4×108t标煤,人均能源消费量3.5t标煤左右,CO2排放量70.7×108t,人均CO2排放量4.8t左右,能源消费弹性系数0.32,2020年CO2排放强度比2005年下降48%~52%,若能实现减排情景,则意味着中国已做到了低碳经济;而从可预见的技术条件以及清洁能源和可再生能源利用的规模来看,实现低碳情景难度很大。中国正处于工业化中期的发展阶段,能源需求增加是客观存在的,应力争转变经济增长方式,优化产业与产品结构,减少与控制高耗能产品出口,提高非化石能源比重和能源利用效率。发展中国家在应对全球气候变化行动中应制定中、短期目标与长期目标。中、短期目标即相对减排,中国政府制定的2020年CO2排放强度相对2005年降低40%~45%的约束性目标就属于相对减排;长期目标指的是当发展中国家实现工业化后,若全球技术发展迅猛,这时发展中国家温室气体的总量控制与减排才有可能做到。 相似文献
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This paper empirically examines the dynamic causal relationships between carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness and urbanization for the panel of newly industrialized countries (NIC) using the time series data for the period 1971–2007. Using four different panel unit root tests it is found that all panel variables are integrated of order 1. From the Johansen Fisher panel cointegration test it is found that there is a cointegration vector among the variables. The Granger causality test results support that there is no evidence of long-run causal relationship, but there is unidirectional short-run causal relationship from economic growth and trade openness to carbon dioxide emissions, from economic growth to energy consumption, from trade openness to economic growth, from urbanization to economic growth and from trade openness to urbanization. It is found that the long-run elasticity of carbon dioxide emissions with respect to energy consumption (1.2189) is higher than short run elasticity of 0.5984. This indicates that over time higher energy consumption in the newly industrialized countries gives rise to more carbon dioxide emissions as a result our environment will be polluted more. But in respect of economic growth, trade openness and urbanization the environmental quality is found to be normal good in the long-run. 相似文献
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低碳发展时代的世界与中国能源格局 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
哥本哈根会议认定了"2℃"和"在2050年前全球排放量减到1990年的一半",到2050年,碳减排要求世界人均能耗不高于2.5t标煤/a。能源碳强度ω是一个反映碳排放与能源结构关系的新指标,利用它与一次能源消费中生成并排放二氧化碳的各种形式能源所占比率γ的关联式ω=2.4γ进行推算:按照450情景方案,二氧化碳排放峰值307×108t出现在2020年,而能耗峰值在2030年左右;按照丹麦方案,二氧化碳排放峰值320×108t出现在2025年,能耗峰值也大约在2030年,将达到273×108t标煤/a,人均3.3t标煤/a。碳排放峰值年越推迟,达到2050年远期目标的难度越大。按照丹麦方案,2030~2050年的20年间,需平均每年减排10×108t二氧化碳,同时与450情景方案相比,大气中二氧化碳总量将增加400×108t以上。根据中国政府宣布的2010~2020年的减排目标推算,2020年能耗为41×108t标煤,二氧化碳排放约74×108t,中国只要能做到能耗强度每5年降低20%,就能够实现此目标。中国应在2020年之前快速发展非化石能源、加速产业转型、大力发展天然气、大幅提高能效,这样就完全能够与世界减排同行。 相似文献
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This paper uses multivariate co-integration Granger causality tests to investigate the correlations between carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in China. Some researchers have argued that the adoption of a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption as a long term policy goal will result in a closed-form relationship, to the detriment of the economy. Therefore, a perspective that can make allowances for the fact that the exclusive pursuit of economic growth will increase energy consumption and CO2 emissions is required; to the extent that such growth will have adverse effects with regard to global climate change. 相似文献
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基于IPCC提出的温室气体排放计算公式,利用1990~2009年山东省能源消费数据,测算了CO2排放量,并结合经济和人口数据,采用LMDI因素分解法分析了能源强度、能源结构、人口规模和人均GDP对CO2排放的影响。结果表明,CO2排放主要来源于火力发电和供热及第二产业,经济水平与人口规模表现为正效应,能源强度与能源结构表现为负效应,由此提出了山东省现阶段的减排建议。 相似文献
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This study examines the causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and real output within a panel vector error correction model for eleven countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States over the period 1992–2004. In the long-run, energy consumption has a positive and statistically significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions while real output follows an inverted U-shape pattern associated with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The short-run dynamics indicate unidirectional causality from energy consumption and real output, respectively, to carbon dioxide emissions along with bidirectional causality between energy consumption and real output. In the long-run there appears to be bidirectional causality between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. 相似文献
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《Energy Policy》2015
In this paper, we evaluate the changes in carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption in China's food industry from 1986 to 2010 based on the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. The results show that energy intensity (EI) and industrial activity (IA) are the main determinants of the changes in carbon dioxide. Energy intensity (EI) contributes to decrease in emissions within 25 years while industrial activity (IA) acts in a positive way to increase the emissions level. Industry scale (IS) mostly contributes to increase in emissions except for the time interval 1996–2000. However, for both carbon intensity (CI) and energy structure (ES), they have a volatile but not significant influence on emissions in the different time intervals. To further understand the effects, we analyze the cumulative emission during the whole period 1986–2010. The results further testify that energy intensity and industrial activity are the most important factors affecting reduction and growth of carbon emissions. The results indicate that efforts to reduce emission in China's food industry should focus on the enhancement of energy efficiency, the optimization of industrial scale and the restructuring energy use. Finally, recommendations are provided for the reduction of carbon dioxide in China's food industry. 相似文献
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This study examines the causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, electricity consumption and economic growth within a panel vector error correction model for five ASEAN countries over the period 1980–2006. The long-run estimates indicate that there is a statistically significant positive association between electricity consumption and emissions and a non-linear relationship between emissions and real output, consistent with the environmental Kuznets curve. The long-run estimates, however, do not indicate the direction of causality between the variables. The results from the Granger causality tests suggest that in the long-run there is unidirectional Granger causality running from electricity consumption and emissions to economic growth. The results also point to unidirectional Granger causality running from emissions to electricity consumption in the short-run. 相似文献
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我国二氧化碳排放的特点、趋势及政策取向 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
改革开放以来。我国二氧化碳排放总量从1978年的148329×10^4t增加到2008年的689654×10^4t.年均增长5.3%。与此同时,二氧化碳排放强度总体上呈较快下降趋势,但1999年以后下降速度放缓。我国二氧化碳排放强度明显高于国际水平。分析其原因,从需求结构看是经济增长过度依赖出口:从产业结构看是由于过度依赖工业,尤其是重化工业:而以煤为主的能源资源结构和能源生产结构,直接导致我国单位能源使用排放的二氧化碳高于其他国家。我国2015年二氧化碳排放量预测值在82.28×10^8-90.508×10^8t之间,减排形势不容乐观。由于我国还处在工业化、城镇化加快发展阶段,在以煤为主的特定资源禀赋条件下,减缓二氧化碳排放的主要路径是减少能源消费,即节能。节能的主要着力点在于充分发挥政府和市场的作用,加快提高能源技术效率,包括深化能源产品定价机制改革;加强政府的社会性管制,使环境社会成本充分内部化;建立绿色税收体系,支持低碳经济发展;培育碳排放交易市场。 相似文献
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This paper applies the panel unit root, heterogeneous panel cointegration and panel-based dynamic OLS to re-investigate the co-movement and relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for 30 provinces in mainland China from 1985 to 2007. The empirical results show that there is a positive long-run cointegrated relationship between real GDP per capita and energy consumption variables. Furthermore, we investigate two cross-regional groups, namely the east China and west China groups, and get more important results and implications. In the long-term, a 1% increase in real GDP per capita increases the consumption of energy by approximately 0.48–0.50% and accordingly increases the carbon dioxide emissions by about 0.41–0.43% in China. The economic growth in east China is energy-dependent to a great extent, and the income elasticity of energy consumption in east China is over 2 times that of the west China. At present, China is subject to tremendous pressures for mitigating climate change issues. It is possible that the GDP per capita elasticity of carbon dioxide emissions would be controlled in a range from 0.2 to 0.3 by the great effort. 相似文献
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中国中长期碳减排战略目标初探(Ⅱ)——中国煤炭消费过程的碳排放及减排措施 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
中国能源领域排放的二氧化碳主要来自煤炭,因此煤炭消费过程中的碳减排措施尤为重要。煤炭的主要用户是发电部门,基于应对气候变化的需要,煤电行业的低碳途径不得不考虑采用CCS技术。不论是新建燃煤电厂,还是今后在传统电厂改建过程中增设CCS设施已是大势所趋,预计多数仍将采用MEA法脱除烟气中二氧化碳这一成熟技术。由于MEA法技术经济指标不够先进,估计10~20年内必将出现更先进的脱二氧化碳工艺技术。传统的燃煤锅炉增加CCS的经济效益已经逊于IGCC-CCS,预计2020年后IGCC电厂将成为新建煤电厂的首选方案。20年后采用临氢气化炉与燃料电池FC发电相结合、把高温的热能和甲烷的化学能直接转化为电力的IGFC高效燃煤电厂或将成功应用,IGFC综合能量转化效率比IGCC相对高出1/2~3/4,发展前景不可低估。钢铁、水泥和化工等高耗煤工业部门可通过节能和采用CCS技术降低碳排放,其余用煤的工业部门和分散用户则应考虑节能或用天然气等低碳燃料替代,间接起到减排效果。预计2050年燃煤发电和高耗煤工业总计将排放二氧化碳4.6Gt,如果二氧化碳捕集量是2.9Gt,则净排放量为1.7Gt。加上其他难以捕集二氧化碳的工业、部门及民用煤排放二氧化碳1.0Gt,合计二氧化碳净排放量为2.7Gt(情景A)。如果采用更先进的技术和严格的节能减排措施,可减少煤炭消耗0.31Gt标煤,减少二氧化碳排放0.5Gt,使煤源二氧化碳净排放量减少到2.2Gt(情景B)。无论哪种情景,实施CCS的任务都十分艰巨。 相似文献