基于BCJ本构模型的高速切削过程数值模拟

在高速切削过程数值模拟中,材料本构模型影响着数值计算精度。基于有限元软件Abaqus平台,引入基于位错动力学的BCJ本构模型,实现铝合金高速切削过程更为精确计算。研究了BCJ本构模型嵌入Abaqus的关键技术及其高速切削过程有限元模型建立方法,完成了铝合金6061-T6直角高速切削过程模拟,对比分析了基于BCJ本构模型和JC本构模型的差异。结果表明,数值计算结果与文献数据具有良好的一致性,BCJ模型能够更全面准确地描述高速切削过程中材料的动态性能,进而说明文中基于BCJ本构模型的高速切削数值计算是可靠的。     

基于X射线衍射线形分析的铝合金切削表层晶体特征研究

为深入研究高速高效加工条件下材料表层晶体特征形成机理,提高铝合金构件服役性能,同时解决传统观察法较难得出晶粒尺寸与位错密度统计学规律的问题,立足微观,以铝合金7050-T7451为研究对象,将材料学与物理学中基于X射线衍射线形分析的Modified Warren-Averbach和Modified Williamson-Hall方法引入切削加工表层微观组织分析中,实现了不同切削速度下切削表层微观组织结构的定量研究。研究表明,高速切削条件下已加工表面以刃位错为主,得出了位错密度值（高达1015m-2以上）与位错密度变化规律,并从塑性变形及能量角度解释了其形成机理;拟合出了晶粒尺寸分布曲线,并通过分布函数分析了已加工表面晶粒分布均匀性;当切削速度高于4500m/min时可以得到位错密度相对较低、晶体尺寸较均匀的已加工表面。     

高速切削过程测温方法综述

切削温度与加工精度和刀具磨损密切相关,高速切削过程中切削温度随着材料,刀具,切削用量的选择不同而呈现出与普通切削过程不同的变化规律.本文归纳了高速切削当中切削温度的测定方法,并指出了各种方法的优缺点及适用性.     

切削过程应变率对材料塑性变形的影响研究

材料塑性变形在不同的应变率加载下服从不同的规律,为正确认识应变率对动态变形的影响,以位错运动分析为基础,推导了不同应变率下材料变形的黏性行为规律,通过霍普金森压缩(SHPB)和金属切削实验,获得了从102/s～105/s及以上应变率范围的塑性变形过程,研究了7075铝合金的应变率效应,总结了3个表征应变率效应的参量并提...     

第1届上银优秀机械博士论文奖——佳作奖

难加工材料切削刀具磨损的热力学特征研究作者:邵芳毕业学校:山东大学指导教师:刘战强高速切削时刀具的失效机理和工件材料的塑性变形规律是目前高速切削领域研究的热点重要课题之一,热力学理论和方法是研究高速切削过程热力学体系诸多现象和本质的强有力工具。本文针对难加工材料钛合金和高温合金材料,用热力学理论和方法建立高速切削过程的热力学体系,从热力学的角度研究高速切削刀具的磨损机理,建立工件材料的热力学本构方程,提出高速切削时剪切变形区和刀屑接触区的熵产生模型,并用试验验证了模型的正确性。     

纳米多晶铜单点金刚石切削亚表层损伤机理

基于Poisson-Voronoi和Monte Carlo方法构建了多晶铜分子动力学模型,研究了纳米切削中多晶铜材料去除、切削力变化及晶界与位错间的相互转化机制。研究结果表明：晶界的阻碍作用使得切屑流向发生了改变,并在已加工表面形成凹槽和毛刺;切削过程中晶界前方材料变形能的逐渐积聚及晶界的最终断裂,造成了切削力发生由最大峰值到最小谷值的大幅波动;晶界附近的材料去除经历了材料变形积聚、位错穿越晶界、晶界转变为位错及晶界最终断裂等过程。通过详细分析多晶铜纳米切削中位错与晶界间的演化过程,揭示了晶界与位错间的相互转化机制,丰富了多晶铜亚表层损伤机理的内涵。     

主轴-切削交互过程建模与高速铣削参数优化

高速切削参数的合理选择是困扰企业的一个难题,过于保守的切削用量限制了高速机床性能的发挥和生产效率的提高.以高速铣削加工为对象,考虑高速旋转主轴的离心力和陀螺力矩效应,基于Timoshenko梁单元和Jones轴承模型建立高速主轴-刀具系统动力学模型.将主轴-刀具动态特性与高速铣削过程耦合,研究高速主轴-刀具系统动力学特性与切削过程之间交互机理,推导闭环动态铣削系统的特征方程.基于上述理论分析,提出基于主轴-切削交互过程模型的高速铣削切削参数优化方法,并应用于某型直升机的铝合金变速箱端盖加工中,通过选用最佳切削深度和主轴转速,使变速箱盖前端面内侧壁的加工效率提高了275％.     

高速切削刀具材料的进展和未来

文章结合高速切削技术和刀具材料的研究,综述了高速切削刀具材料的进展和应用,阐明了我国高速切削刀具材料面临的机遇和挑战,指出了高速切削刀具材料的未来。     

铝合金高速铣削中切削温度动态变化规律的试验研究

切削温度与刀具磨损、工件加工表面完整性及加工精度密切相关。高速切削过程中切削温度随工件材料、所选刀具及切削用量的不同而呈现出与普通切削过程不同的变化规律。本文应用红外热像仪测温系统对高速铣削过程中切削温度的动态变化规律进行试验研究 ,首次给出了铝合金高速铣削过程中存在的临界切削速度关键数据及切削温度随切削速度的变化规律 ,其结论有助于指导铝合金高速铣削加工、优化高速切削工艺及建立高速切削数据库。     

基于绝热剪切预测的高速切削过程的研究

高速切削过程中的绝热剪切容易产生锯齿形切屑,从而影响加工表面质量和刀具寿命.对绝热剪切临界判据适用性、材料的动态塑性本构关系的理论基础、切削过程中的变形条件计算作进一步了总结,对高速切削过程中绝热剪切的影响因素、临界切削条件的确定做了系统介绍,并展望了绝热剪切预测研究的发展方向.     

Fluid-Like Properties of Chip Flow in High-Speed Metal Cutting Process

Strain rate in high-speed metal cutting is high, and properties of chip flow under high strain rate conditions are different under low cutting speed conditions. Shear stress and shear strain rate have a linear relationship; hence, the behavior of chip flow during high-speed metal cutting is more similar to fluid than to solid. Therefore, metal cutting should be analyzed by using fluid analytical method. This article investigated the fluid-like properties of chip flow during high-speed metal cutting and determined velocity, pressure, and strain rate distributions on rake face and shear plane. A speed stagnation point is located some distance from the tool tip on the rake face. The location of this point influences the life of the cutting tool and the quality of the finished surface. The pressure peaks, decreases along the rake face, and then reaches zero at some point away from the tool tip. This point represents the separation of the chip from the tool. The total stress on the shear plane is the sum of tensile stress, pressure stress, and shear stress. The strain rate is related to velocity; its value rapidly increases at the tool tip and the free surface corner and then decreases.     

ROLE OF MICROSTRUCTURAL SOFTENING EVENTS IN METAL CUTTING

Oxley's model for predicting equilibrium shear angle turns out to be the most comprehensive approach that incorporates both the mechanics of metal cutting and dynamic behavior of metal during metal cutting. Oxley's prediction of equilibrium shear angle for flow chip morphology is validated in metal cutting at low cutting speeds. However, the domain of flow chip is limited by major microstructural softening events that occur at high cutting speeds particularly if the matrix is hardened by heat treatment or there is a large volume fraction of second phase particles. Dynamic recrystallisation and phase transformation are identified as major microstructural softening events occurring in the hardened matrix that cause shear localisation. Incompatibility of deformation between the matrix and second phase particles causes shear localisation due to geometric softening.

Quantitative modeling to predict the critical speed for the onset of shear localised chip morphology requires quantitative database on the dynamic flow stress behavior of materials that duly incorporates the microstructural softening events, which is the critical path. Quantitative analysis of phenomenological database in model alloys has shown that shear localisation can be suppressed by engineering glassy oxide inclusions that lubricate in-situ the tool-chip interface. This concept underlies the development of self-lubricating steel designed to suppress chemical wear in high speed machining.     

Effect of very high cutting speeds on shearing, cutting forces and roughness in dry turning of austenitic stainless steels

Behavior of austenitic stainless steels has been studied at very high cutting speeds. Turning tests were carried out using the AISI 303 austenitic stainless steel. In particular, the influence of cutting speed on tool wear, surface quality, cutting forces and chip geometry has been investigated. These parameters have been compared when performing machining at traditional cutting speeds (lower than 350?m/min) versus high cutting speeds. The analysis of results shows that the material undergoes a significant change in its behavior when machining at cutting speeds above 450?m/min, that favors the machining operation. The main component of cutting forces reaches a minimum value at this cutting speed. The SEM micrographs of the machined surfaces show how at the traditional cutting speeds the machined surfaces contain cavities, metal debris and feed marks with smeared material particles. Surfaces machined at high cutting speeds show evidence of material side flow, which is more evident at cutting speeds above 600?m/min. Tool wear is located at the tool nose radius for lower cutting speeds, whereas it slides toward the secondary edge when cutting speed increases. An analysis of chips indicates also an important decrement in chip thickness for cutting speeds above 450?m/min. This study concludes that there is an unexplored range of cutting speeds very interesting for high-performance machining. In this range, the behavior of stainless steels is very favorable although tool wear rate is also significant. Nevertheless, nowadays the cost of tool inserts can be considered as secondary when comparing to other operation costs, for instance the machine hourly cost for high-end multitasking machines.     

切削加工油雾散发特性及影响因素研究*

机械加工过程中,金属切削液通过高速旋转的主轴雾化,产生大量油雾颗粒。为研究矿物油特性对机械加工油雾散发的影响,采用一种环境舱实验方法,在不同转速下分别对2种不同物性的切削液在切削过程中产生油雾颗粒的散发率、粒径分布、质量中值直径和索特平均直径进行研究。结果表明:由离心作用产生的油雾颗粒总散发率与主轴转速呈二次方关系;主轴转速越大各个粒径的油雾颗粒散发率越大,但主轴转速对粒径分布、各粒径占比、质量平均直径和索特平均直径的影响不大;黏度越大的切削液,油雾颗粒的散发率、质量平均直径和索特平均直径也越大。     

STUDY ON THE CORRELATION OF WORKPIECE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FROM COMPRESSION AND CUTTING TESTS

Abstract

Metal cutting tests were conducted on annealed and cold-worked 1100-grade aluminum and 33000-grade leaded brass at a sufficiently slow speed (254 mm/min) that thermal influences on workpiece material properties could be neglected. The mechanical properties of the materials were evaluated in compression using conventional low strain rate test procedures. The material behavior during metal cutting and compression was consistent when the work hardening and strain rate hardening response of these materials was considered. The values of strain rate sensitivity coefficient are in reasonable agreement with literature values. These results support previous data indicating that the material response during metal cutting is consistent with the mechanical behavior determined using conventional material test procedures.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SURFACE INTEGRITY OF END MILLING NICKEL-BASED ALLOY— INCONEL 718

Inconel 718 is a typical difficult-to-machine material, and its high speed end milling process has wide applications in manufacturing parts from aerospace and power industry. Surface integrity of these parts greatly influences the final characteristics. This paper presents an experimental investigation to evaluate surface integrity behaviors in high speed end milling of Inconel 718 with finishing cutting parameters in terms of surface topography, surface roughness Ra, residual stresses, subsurface microstructure, and microhardness. The results show that abraded marks can be observed on the machined surfaces, and high cutting speed is advisable to get better surface topography and roughness quality. Due to high cutting temperature, residual stress is mainly high tensile stress. After increasing the cutting speed beyond 80m/min, the cutting forces hardly increased and the chips take away more cutting heat, which leads to that the residual stress barely increases. Microstructures in subsurface layers have only slight deformations after high speed milling, and there was also no obvious difference when the cutting speed increased beyond 80m/min against the microhardness in subsurface increases together with the cutting speed.     

纳米K2Ti4O9晶须增强型固体润滑涂层在切削加工中的应用

为了减少切削加工中切削液的排放 ,改善环境 ,本研究用固体润滑剂代替切削液。在高温摩擦试验机上对四种固体润滑剂进行了摩擦试验和效果对比 ,筛选出纳米钛酸钾增强型复合固体润滑剂 ;将其涂覆在刀具表面进行 4 0Cr钢切削试验 ,干切削中切削速度为 14 0m/min时涂层刀具的后刀面磨损量是未涂层刀具的 1/ 6 ,比使用切削液时的磨损量也略有降低 ;随着切削速度的升高 ,涂层刀具的后刀面磨损量有所增加 ,但仍比未涂层的低 ,比使用润滑液的有所增高。AFM、SEM和EDX对摩擦表面的分析结果表明 :固体润滑膜涂覆在刀具表面 ,可改善刀具的润滑状况 ,有效地防止切屑和刀具的粘附 ,明显减少刀具的磨损     

Blend of sharpness and strength on a ball nose endmill geometry for high speed machining of Ti6Al4V

The applications of titanium alloys are increasingly common at marine, aerospace, bio-medical and precision engineering due to its high strength to weight ratio and high temperature-withstanding properties. However, whilst machining the titanium alloys using the solid carbide tools, even with application of high pressure coolant, reduced tool life was widely reported. The generation of high temperatures at the tool–work interface causes adhesion of work material on the cutting edges, and hence, shorter tool life was reported. In order to reduce the high tool–work interface temperature-positive rake angle, higher primary relief and higher secondary relief were configured on the ball nose endmill cutting edges. Despite of careful consideration of tool geometry, after an initial working period, the growth of flank wear accelerates the high cutting forces followed by work material adhesion on the cutting edges. Hence, it is important to blend the strength, sharpness, geometry and surface integrity on the cutting edges so that the ball nose endmill would exhibit an extended tool life. This paper illustrates the effect of ball nose endmill geometry on high speed machining of Ti6Al4V. Three different ball nose endmill geometries were configured, and high speed machining experiments were conducted to study the influence of cutting tool geometry on the metal cutting mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The high speed machining results predominantly emphasize the significance of cutting edge features such as K-land, rake angle and cutting edge radius. The ball nose endmills featured with a short negative rake angle of value ?5° for 0.05～0.06 mm, i.e. K-land followed by positive rake angle of value 8°, has produced lower cutting forces signatures for Ti-6Al-4V alloy.     

纳米尺度单晶铜材料表面切削特性分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究单晶铜材料表面纳米切削特性。通过对单晶铜纳米切削过程进行分子动力学建模、计算与分析,研究了不同切削速度及切削厚度对单晶铜材料表面纳米切削过程中微观接触区域原子状态和切削力变化的影响规律。研究结果发现：在单晶铜表面纳米切削过程中,切削速度越高,切屑堆积体积越大,切屑里原子的排列越紧密,位错缺陷分布区域越大;在同种切削速度下,切削厚度越大,在刀具前方堆积的切屑体积越大,位错缺陷越多。不同切削速度及切削厚度下,切削力曲线均在切削初期呈上升趋势,达到稳定切削状态后围绕稳定值进行波动,但在切削初期,切削速度及切削厚度越大,切削力上升幅度越大;达到稳定切削状态后,切削速度、切削厚度越大,切削力越大。