非结构化网格下求解二维浅水方程的和谐Roe格式

为保证底坡源项和重力梯度项的平衡离散,采用把底坡源项分解为两不同部分单独处理的方法,在非结构化网格上建立了求解带复杂地形的二维浅水方程数值模型.采用Roe格式的计算界面通量,隐式求解摩擦力源项以增加格式的稳定性,并给出计算格式在非结构化网格上满足和谐性条件的证明.通过实例验证了此格式是和谐的,并具有良好的间断捕捉能力和稳定性.     

基于自适应网格的二维水动力模型

为准确地模拟流域洪水传播和淹没情况,基于自适应网格技术,以有限体积法为离散格式构建数值模型.模型以二维浅水方程为控制方程,采用HLL格式近似黎曼解计算界面通量,采用WAF格式对计算的通量进行加权修正,保证时间和空间上的二阶精度,并使其满足TVD条件,减小数值振荡.底坡源项采用水深差分重构,摩阻源项采用半隐式格式,保证数...     

浅水方程源项处理的研究进展

浅水方程由纳维-斯托克斯方程推导而来,是一种描述具有自由表面的浅水体在重力作用下流动的数学模型.实际浅水流动不可能是完全理想的情况,必须考虑底坡和摩阻等源项的存在,它们影响计算的稳定性和精确性,如果处理不当还会造成格式的不和谐,因此源项处理是求解浅水流动方程的关键,也是国内外学者研究的一个重要方向.介绍目前求解浅水方程...     

无质量误差的具有复杂地形的浅水问题

本文提出了一种处理带有干湿界面的非恒定浅水流动的无质量误差方法.以Roe格式的近似Riemann解为基础,采用非结构化网格的有限体积法,对底坡源项采用特征分解保证和谐性,摩擦力源项采用半隐式格式增加格式的稳定性.采用适当的干湿界面处理技术以满足静水问题,同时对有干湿界面的复杂地形的非恒定流动达到无质量误差.应用的算例表明对于处理洪水演进及溃坝问题,本文的方法是行之有效的.     

复杂地形上非恒定浅水二维流动数值模拟

该文针对复杂地形条件下浅水流动数值模拟在干、湿边界附近面临计算失稳和格式和谐性差等难题,建立了非统一结构网格下二维浅水方程的高精度、高分辨率的有限体积模型.以基于水位的改进浅水方程为水流控制方程,采用能够有效捕获激波的HLLC近似黎曼算子计算界面通量;采用MUSCL-Hancock预测-校正法获得了在空间和时间上都具有二阶精度的Godunov格式;通过构造底坡修正项,保证了计算格式的和谐性;采用改进的半隐式格式解决摩阻项可能引起的刚性问题,提高了格式的稳定性.并通过算例研究,结果表明,该模型具有很好的和谐性与稳定性,适应干、湿界面计算,能有效模拟复杂地形条件下的水流运动.     

基于自适应结构网格的二维浅水动力学模型

基于有限体积法建立了二维浅水动力学模型,提出了能够随着水波演进动态变化结构网格自适应算法,并依据网格自适应准则局部加密和消去网格,保证模型在计算效率与求解精度间取得平衡.空间上,采用水深-水位变量同时重构法定义界面底高程,引入梯度限制器策略,利用近似Riemann的HLLC型求解器计算界面数值通量;时间上,采用多步时间格式Runge-Kutta法.采用底坡项中心近似,并引入附加源项,保证数值格式的和谐性.运用改进的半隐式格式处理阻力源项,提高模型稳定性.经典型算例模拟结果表明,数值模型稳定性与和谐性较好,有较好的地形自适应能力,能够推广应用于复杂地形下水流计算.     

浅水间断流动数值模拟研究进展

分析浅水方程的基本特性及其求解的困难,回顾国内外求解大尺度间断流动的关键技术问题,包括计算格式、守恒型控制方程中压力项与底坡源项的"和谐"处理方法,以及间断流动条件下的动边界模拟方法。     

三角形网格下求解二维浅水方程的KFVS格式

以Boltzmann方程为基础，建立了求解二维浅水方程的KFVS(Kinetic Flux Vector Splitting)格式。为保证计算格式的和谐性，通量计算中考虑了底坡源项的作用。在此基础上，采用特殊的底坡源项处理技术，建立了三角形网格下二阶精度的KFVS和谐格式。经典型算例和钱塘江涌潮计算验证，证明本文提出的方法分辨率高，边界适应性强，并具有模拟间断流动的能力。     

二维浅水方程的高阶松弛格式求解

利用松弛方法,将二维浅水方程转化为松弛方程组,并用逐维五阶WENO重构和显隐式Runge-Kutta方法对松弛方程组的空间和时间方向进行离散,建立了求解二维浅水方程的五阶松弛格式。WENO重构方法的引入既提高了格式的精度,又可保证格式是无振荡的。应用该格式对圆柱溃坝等问题进行了数值模拟,计算结果与用其它方法所得结果吻合,表明了方法的有效性。     

具有复杂计算域和地形的二维浅水流动数值模拟

本文采用非结构化网格的有限体积方法，对具有复杂计算域和地形的二维河道进行数值模拟。采用Roe格式的近似Riemann解计算界面通量，对地形变化源项采用特征分解平衡界面通量以保证格式的和谐性，对摩擦力源项采用隐式或半隐式求解以增加格式的稳定性。通过与混合流算例理论解比较，验证了格式是和谐性的并具有良好的间断捕捉能力与稳定性。应用此方法对地形复杂，存在多处险滩和深潭的某河段进行了实际模拟，数值计算结果和模型试验结果吻合较好。     

Two-dimensional shallow water equations with porosity and their numerical scheme on unstructured grids

In this study, porosity was introduced into two-dimensional shallow water equations to reflect the effects of obstructions, leading to the modification of the expressions for the flux and source terms. An extra porosity source term appears in the momentum equation. The numerical model of the shallow water equations with porosity is presented with the finite volume method on unstructured grids and the modified Roe-type approximate Riemann solver. The source terms of the bed slope and porosity are both decomposed in the characteristic direction so that the numerical scheme can exactly satisfy the conservative property. The present model was tested with a dam break with discontinuous porosity and a flash flood in the Toce River Valley. The results show that the model can simulate the influence of obstructions, and the numerical scheme can maintain the flux balance at the interface with high efficiency and resolution.     

求解非平底一维浅水方程的 KFVS 格式

以Boltzmann方程为基础，本文提出了求解非平底浅水方程的KFVS（Kinetic Flux Vector Splitting)格式。因通量计算中考虑了底坡项的作用，计算方法和谐，即在非平底静水计算中始终能保持流速为零，水位为常数。数值试验表明，无论是计算恒定流还是非恒定流，该方法具有健全性和高分辨率等特点。     

AN UNSTRUCTURED FINITE-VOLUME ALGORITHM FOR NONLINEAR TWO-DIMENSIOAL SHALLOW WATER EQUATION

An unstructured finite-volume numerical algorithm was presented for solution of the two-dimensional shallow water equations, based on triangular or arbitrary quadrilateral meshes. The Roe type approximate Riemann solver was used to the system. A second-order TVD scheme with the van Leer limiter was used in the space discretization and a two-step Runge-Kutta approach was used in the time discretization. An upwind, as opposed to a pointwise, treatment of the slope source terms was adopted and the semi-implicit treatment was used for the friction source terms. Verification for two-dimension dam-break problems are carried out by comparing the present results with others and very good agreement is shown.     

Comparison of depth-averaged concentration and bed load flux sediment transport models of dam-break flow

This paper presents numerical simulations of dam-break flow over a movable bed. Two different mathematical models were compared: a fully coupled formulation of shallow water equations with erosion and deposition terms (a depth-averaged concentration flux model), and shallow water equations with a fully coupled Exner equation (a bed load flux model). Both models were discretized using the cell-centered finite volume method, and a second-order Godunov-type scheme was used to solve the equations. The numerical flux was calculated using a Harten, Lax, and van Leer approximate Riemann solver with the contact wave restored (HLLC). A novel slope source term treatment that considers the density change was introduced to the depth-averaged concentration flux model to obtain higher-order accuracy. A source term that accounts for the sediment flux was added to the bed load flux model to reflect the influence of sediment movement on the momentum of the water. In a one-dimensional test case, a sensitivity study on different model parameters was carried out. For the depth-averaged concentration flux model, Manning's coefficient and sediment porosity values showed an almost linear relationship with the bottom change, and for the bed load flux model, the sediment porosity was identified as the most sensitive parameter. The capabilities and limitations of both model concepts are demonstrated in a benchmark experimental test case dealing with dam-break flow over variable bed topography.     

SOLUTION OF 2D SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS BY GENUINELY MULTIDIMENSIONAL SEMI-DISCRETE CENTRAL SCHEME

1. INTRODUCTION This paper deals with the numerical solution of the 2D Shallow Water Equations (SWE). The SWE are an important tool to simulate a variety of problems such as dam-break flows, hydraulic jump, tidal flows in estuaries, flood waves, etc. There are many numerical methods to solve the SWE. Finite volume Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) methods have been reported in Refs.[1,2]. The water level formulation in combination with the Godunov schemewas proposed in Ref. [3]. …     

大名泛区洪水演进数值模拟

利用结构化网格的有限体积法,建立了二维浅水方程的高精度、低计算负荷的数值计算模型。对结构化网格的处理采用一种自适应网格加密方法,提出四叉树的网格构造,以提高网格对地形和水力变化的敏感度。推导出一种具有激波捕捉能力的二维浅水方程的守恒形式,采用单元中心式有限体积离散。方程的离散采用Godunov格式,利用近似Riemann解求解界面通量,并介绍和采用了具有二阶精度的HLLC算法。对在此基础上,建立大名泛区二维洪水演进模型,获取了不同时段的淹没范围栅格图像、不同时刻淹没水深、洪泛区的蓄水量变化过程以及泛区内点的水力要素信息,为泛区的防洪规划和实时洪水预报提供理论参考。     

THE SLOP FLUX METHOD FOR NUMERICAL BALANCE IN USING ROE＇S APPROXIMATE RIEMANN SOLVER

Imbalance arises when the Roe’s method is directly applied in the shallow water simulation.The reasons are different for the continuity equation and the momentum equations.Based on the Roe’s method,a partial surface method is proposed for a perfect balance for the continuity equation.In order to generate a mathematically hyperbolic formulation,the momentum equations are split,which causes incompatibility in the calculation of the momentum equations.In this article a numerical approach named the Slop Flux Method(SFM)is proposed to balance the source terms and the flux gradient based on the finite volume method.The method is first applied to shallow water equations.The model is verified by analytical results of classical test cases with good agreement.Finally the method is applied to a steady flow simulation over a practical complicated topography and the result shows good balance and conservation.     

二维溃坝波传播和绕流特性的高精度数值模拟

本文建立了二维浅水方程的高分辨率差分模型，即将浅水方程作空间差分分裂，分别沿x、y方向应用组合型的通量限制二阶TVD格式，采用Van Leer的MUSCL型限量函数，用以解决二维溃坝的计算问题.首先分别与一维理论解和其它二维结果的比较，表明本文的方法非常成功.然后对全溃和部分溃情况下的溃坝波传播和绕流问题进行了数值研究，给出了精细的数值结果，揭示了其复杂的运动特性.