INCOMPRESSIBLE MULTI-RELAXATION-TIME LATTICE BOLTZMANN MODEL IN 3-D SPACE

Multi-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Method(MRT LBM) is of better numerical stability and has attracted more and more research interests.The previous MRT LBM included artificial compressible effects.To overcome the disadvantage,an incompressible MRT LBM has been proposed in two dimensions recently.In this article,we present incompressible MRT LBMs in 3-D space,with example of nineteen-velocity.The equilibria in momentum space are derived from an earlier incompressible Lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook(LBGK) ...     

LATTICE BGK MODEL FOR THE INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION

1 .　INTRODUCTIONInthelastdecadeorso ,theLatticeBoltz mann (LB)methodhasemergedasanewandef fectivenumericaltechniqueofComputationalFluidDynamics (CFD) [1 3] ,especially ,theLBGKmodelhasachieved greatsuccessinsimulationsoffluidflowsandinmodeling physicsinfluids[4 9] .ButLBGKmodelshouldbeviewedasanarticicialcompressibleschemetosimulateincompressiblefluid[10 ] .Inotherwords,throughmultiscalingex pansionandChapman Enskog procedure[11] ,thecompressibleNavier Stokesequationscanberecov …     

Lattice Boltzmanm方法在计算流体力学中的应用

Lattice Boltzmanm方法(简称LBM)是一种基于分子运动论和统计力学理论的流体计算方法。详细分析了LBM的基本理论,系统介绍了曲线固体边界处理的新方法。与Navier-Stokes方程相比较,LBM在算法及复杂边界处理等方面更具有优势。该方法在多相流、多组分流、热传导、颗粒悬浮、紊流及微小流束等问题的模拟中已得到广泛应用。     

APPLICATION OF LBM-SGS MODEL TO FLOWS IN A PUMPING-STATION FOREBAY

A 2-D Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) coupled with a Sub-Grid Stress (SGS) model is proposed and validated by flows around a non-submerged spur dike in a channel. And then the LBM-SGS model is further applied to flows in a pumping-station forebay. Shallow water equations are numerically solved by the LBM and the turbulence can be taken into account and modeled efficiently by the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. The bounce-back scheme of the non-equilibrium part of the distribution function is used at the inlet boundary, the normal gradient of the distribution function is set as zero at the outlet boundary and the bounce-back scheme is applied to the solid wall to ensure non-slip boundary conditions. Firstly, the model successfully predicts the flow characteristics around a spur dike, such as circulating flow, velocity and water depth distributions. The results are verified by the experimental data and compared to the results obtained by conventional Smagoringsky Model (SM) of LES. Finally, the LBM-SGS model is used to further predict the flow characteristics in a forebay, such as secondary flow and water level. The comparisons show that the model scheme has the capacity to simulate complex flows in shallow water with reasonable accuracy and reliability.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WALL WETTABILITIES AND TOPOGRAPHY ON DRAG REDUCTION EFFECT IN MICRO-CHANNEL FLOW BY LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

The dynamics of two-phase flows with a constant driving force inside a micro-channel is studied by using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and the Shan-Chen multiphase model in this article. Flow regimes under different wall wettabilities and over smooth and grooved geometric surfaces are investigated. It is found that flow behaviors are strongly affected by the wall wettability and topography. Our results show that the LBM is efficient and accurate, and has very good application prospect in the study of drag reduction of microscopic seepage of reservoir.     

LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD WITH DOUBLE MESHES

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔ ｙｅａｒｓ ,ｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＬａｔｔｉｃｅＢｏｌｔｚｍａｎｎｍｅｔｈｏｄ (ＬＢＭ )ｈａｖｅｍａｄｅｒａｐｉｄ ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ ,ｍａｋｉｎｇＬＢＭｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｖｅｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｉｎＣｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌＦｌｕｉｄＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓ (ＣＦＤ )ａｎｄａｎａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｗａｙｔｏｓｉｍｕ ｌａｔｅｔｈｅｆｌｕｉｄｆｌｅｌｄ[1] .ＴｈｅｋｅｙｉｄｅａｂｅｈｉｎｄＬＢＭｉｓｔｈ…     

SIMULATION OF THE TWO PHASE FLOW OF DROPLET IMPINGEMENT ON LIQUID FILM BY THE LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

A Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) with two-distribution functions is employed for simulating the two-phase flow induced by a liquid droplet impinging onto the film of the same liquid on solid surface.The model is suitable for solution of twophase flow problem at high density and viscosity ratios of liquid to vapor and phase transition between liquid and its vapor.The roles of the vapor flow,the density ratio of liquid to vapor and the surface tension of the droplet in the splashing formation are discussed.It is concluded that the vapour flow induced by the droplet fall and splash in the whole impinging process may affect remarkably the splash behaviour.For the case of large density ratio of liquid to vapor a crown may engender after the droplet collides with the film.However,for the case of small density ratio of liquid to vapor a "bell" like splash may be observed.     

LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS OF TRIAGULAR CAVITY FLOW AND FREE-SURFACE PROBLEMS

The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was investigated to solve triangular cavity flow and free-surface problems in hydraulic dynamics. Some cases of triangular cavity flow and backward step flow were simulated to show the efficiency and stability of this method. Two-dimensional partial dam breaking problem and the propagation and diffraction of dam-break wave around rectangular and circular cylinder were numerically studied successfully. Excellent agreement was obtained between numerical predictions and available results.     

WALL EFFECTS ON FLOWS PAST TWO TANDEM CYLINDERS OF DIFFERENT DIAMETERS

Flows past two tandem cylinders of different diameters placed centrally in a channel with fixed centre-to-centre spacing 6D and diameter ratio are simulated based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM).In all the simulations,the diameter of the smaller cylinder is chosen as the characteristic length.The Reynolds number based on the average inflow velocity is 20-120 and studies are over the range of blockage ratio 2-8.In both Small-Big Arrangement(SBA)and Big-Small Arrangement(BSA),the effects of the channel width and Reynolds number on the flow structures and force coefficients are studied.Results show that the flows in BSA are more regular than those in SBA for the same flow fields.In BSA with and,the force coefficients all fluctuate with constant amplitudes and a coupled frequency,the coupled frequency becomes small as the blockage ratio decreases and by an exact test we give out the relation of the blockage ratio and Strouhal number.As the blockage ratio decreases to 2,there exist pitchfork bifurcations in both SBA and BSA,and results show that the critical Reynolds numbers of pitchfork bifurcations for SBA and BSA are both between 60 and 80.In SBA with,the flow structure has a static asymmetric mode.It is found that the channel width has also an effect on the critical spacing where the flow changes from single body mode into co-shedding mode.By an accurate survey on flows past two cylinders with equal diameters placed inside a channel with the width,the relation between channel width and the critical spacing is given and results show that the critical spacing increases as the channel width increases.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of solute transport in a single rough fracture

In this study, the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） was used to simulate the solute transport in a single rough fracture. The self-affine rough fracture wall was generated with the successive random addition method. The ability of the developed LBM to simulate the solute transport was validated by Taylor dispersion. The effect of fluid velocity on the solute transport in a single rough fracture was investigated using the LBM. The breakthrough curves （BTCs） for continuous injection sources in rough fractures were analyzed and discussed with different Reynolds numbers （Re）. The results show that the rough frac~＇e wall leads to a large fluid velocity gradient across the aperture. Consequently, there is a broad distribution of the immobile region along the rough fracture wall. This distribution of the immobile region is very sensitive to the Re and fracture geometry, and the immobile region is enlarged with the increase of Re and roughness. The concentration of the solute front in the mobile region increases with the Re. Furthermore, the Re and roughness have significant effects on BTCs, and the slow solute molecule exchange between the mobile and immobile regions results in a long breakthrough tail for the rough fracture. This study also demonstrates that the developed LBM can be effective in studying the solute transport in a rough fracture.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID TRANSPORT IN A SINGLE FILLED FRACTURE BY LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

In this article,the Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid(NAPL)transport in the single filled fracture was studied with the Shan-Chen multi-component multiphase Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with special consideration of wettability effects.With the help of the model,the contact angle of the non-wetting phase and wetting phase interface at a solid wall could be adjusted.By considering a set of appropriate boundary conditions,the fractured conductivity was investigated in condition that the NAPL blocks the channels in the single filled fracture.In order to study the wettability effects on the NAPL transport,a constant driving force was introduced in the Shan-Chen multi-component multiphase LBM.Flow regimes with different wettabilities were discussed.Simulated results show that the LBM is a very instrumental method for simulating and studying the immiscible multiphase flow problems in single filled fracture.     

A LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR SIMULATION OF A THREE- DIMENSIONAL DROP IMPACT ON A LIQUID FILM

A single-phase free surface tracking model based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method （LBM）, which has capability of simulating liquid-gas system with the assumption that the gas phase has only negligible influence on the liquid phase, is utilized to simulate the flow of a drop impacting on a liquid film. Three typical outcomes in the flows, i.e., deposition, crown and splash, which have been observed in the previous experiments, are obtained in the present three dimensional numerical simulations. The numerical results are consistent with the experimental and analytical results available.     

LATTICE BOLTZMANN SCHEME TO SIMULATE TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLUID TRANSIENTS

ＮＯＭＥＮＣＬＡＴＵＲＥｐα ———ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｐ(0 )α ———ｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｅα———ｌｏｃａｌｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｔｒｅａｍｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｒ———ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｇｒｉｄｎｏｄｅδｔ ———ｔｉｍｅｉｎｃｒｅｍｅｎｔτ———ｔｈｅＢＧＫｒｅｌａｘａｔｉｏｎｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒα———ｉｎｄｅｘｏｆｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｔｒｅａｍｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｂ———ｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐａ…     

HYDRODYNAMICS OF FRACTAL FLOCS DURING SETTLING

The settling and hydrodynamic properties of 3-D fractal flocs in quiescent water are investigated with a numerical model based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), with considering the settling velocity, hydrodynamic drag force and infra-floc flow. The comparisons of floc settling velocities and effective densities indicate that the numerical results present good agreements with observations in field and at laboratory. The results show that the drag force FD increases with the floc size df according to the relationship FD∝df3. Moreover, the intra-floc flow field and movement of the pore water provide a better understanding of the intra-floc flow from the microscopic viewpoint. The results also indicate that the lattice Boltzmann method is a promising approach to reveal the mechanisms of the flocculation in aquatic environments.     

Orientation of the fiber suspending in the flow through a tube containing a sphere

Fiber suspensions flow through a tube containing a sphere in the dilute and concentrated regimes is simulated numerically with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The numerical results of fiber orientation distribution based on a statistical scheme are obtained and agree qualitatively with the experimental ones for the flow through a parallel plate channel containing a cylinder. The results show that the sphere in the tube results in a change in the fiber orientation distribution downstream of the sphere along the flow and transverse directions. The influences of the sphere on the fiber orientation distribution are more significant for the concentrated suspensions than for the dilute one. The effect of the initial fiber orientations on the fiber orientation distribution is significant upstream of the sphere but small downstream of the sphere.     

SIMULATION OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN A PARALLEL SINGLE FRACTURE WITH LBM/MMP MIXED METHOD

This article deals with the solute transport in a single fracture with the combination of the Lattice Boltzmann Method （LBM） and Modified Moment Propagation （MMP） method, and this mixed method is proved to have several advantages over the LBM and Moment Propagation （MP） mixed method which leads to negative concentrations under some conditions in computation. The disadvantage of LBM/MP has been overcome to a certain extent. Also, this work presents an LBM solution of modeling single fractures with uniformly or randomly distributed grains, which can provide a new path of applying the LBM in solute transport simulation in fractures.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN APPARENT SLIP LENGTH AND CONTACT ANGLE BY LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD

The apparent slip between solid wall and liquid is studied by using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and theShan-Chen multiphase model in this paper. With a no-slip bounce-back scheme applied to the interface, flow regimes under differentwall wettabilities are investigated. Because of the wall wettability, liquid apparent slip is observed. Slip lengths for different wallwettabilities are found to collapse nearly onto a single curve as a function of the static contact angle, and thereby a relationshipbetween apparent slip length and contact angle is suggested. Our results also show that the wall wettability leads to the formation of alow-density layer between solid wall and liquid, which produced apparent slip in the micro-scale.     

排沙漏斗悬移质泥沙运动数值模拟

排沙漏斗是一种利用立轴旋涡实现水沙分离的二级排沙设施。为了探明排沙漏斗悬移质泥沙运动特征和排沙机理,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法模拟了排沙漏斗水气沙三相流动,其中水相和气相采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)和VOF方法描述,悬移质泥沙用颗粒轨道模型描述。通过对计算的悬移质含沙量垂向分布与实验结果的对比,验证了数学模型的可靠性。计算结果表明:在漏斗室外侧区域含沙量分布整体上较均匀,在漏斗室内侧区域的近底部存在一个明显的高浓度带。作者认为,上述排沙漏斗悬移质泥沙含沙量分布特征主要是由排沙漏斗内的二次流引起的。     

土石坝漫顶过程水力特性分析

土石坝漫顶过程极其复杂,溃决过程研究成果存在诸多争议。采用标准k~ε紊流模型和VOF方法对土石坝水流漫顶过程进行了水气两相流数值模拟,对漫顶过程水流流态、流速分布等进行了详细分析,揭示了坝面切应力分布规律。该规律的发现可以用于解释笔者先前提出的"落点冲蚀"猜想及"剪剥式"冲蚀理论,即漫顶条件下最先发生冲蚀的部位可能在坝坡中上部,漫顶冲蚀以台阶式冲蚀为溃决的主要特征。     

基于LES的亚临界和超临界圆球绕流数值研究

三维圆球绕流是流体力学中的经典问题,国内外学者曾对此进行过许多研究,但大多局限于较低雷诺数。该文采用基于动力亚格子模型的大涡模拟对亚临界雷诺数(Re=10~4)和超临界雷诺数(Re=1.14×10~6)等高雷诺数下的圆球绕流进行了数值仿真计算。计算结果表明,得到的阻力时均值和经典Re-Cd曲线相吻合,相比于亚临界雷诺数,超临界雷诺数下近球面回流区剧烈收缩,阻力系数锐减;圆球尾流场明显偏离了中心轴(x轴),导致了侧向力的存在;球后有大尺度的规则涡从圆球表面脱落。