正交空时分组码在瑞利衰落信道下的性能分析

基于典型的多输入—多输出无线通信系统,推导了在瑞利衰落信道下正交空时分组码的瞬时接收信噪比和抗噪声性能的一般表达式,并在MATLAB环境中对不同发送天线、接收天线、调制方式、传输速率下正交空时分组码的误码率性能进行了仿真与结果比较分析,得出误码率性能与分集增益、编码速率、比特传输率和调制方式存在内部关联。     

扩频通信系统仿真与分析

利用Systemview软件作为平台,对通信系统中最典型的工作方式——扩频系统进行仿真分析。建立直扩通信系统模型,利用该模型仿真分析,结果表明扩频系统的抗干扰能力随着扩频增益的增大,系统的误码率越小;同时扩频系统性能的好坏很大程度上还取决于扩频码的特性。     

基于之型分量码的系统非规则GLDPC码

首先提出了一种新型的编码结构—基于之型分量码的系统非规则GLDPC码;其次在加性高斯白噪声信 道下利用基于高斯近似的密度进化理论设计G}ICI工DPC码的度分布序列;最后对G}IGI_DPC码进行了性能分析。 仿真结果表明,中等码长的ZS-IGLDPC码在误码率性能方面有一定的优势。     

Performance of quasisynchronous scale time code division multiple access for AWGN channel

We analyze bit error rate performance of a recently proposed multiple access system called scale time code division multiple access (STCDMA) for quasisynchronous communication over an AWGN channel. STCDMA depends on code, time and scale orthogonality introduced by spreading sequences and wavelets. Wavelets are employed as an orthogonal set of symbols for signaling, and their orthogonality over scale and time is exploited. The channel is partitioned into different scales, and each scale into different time slots. Each user is assigned a specific scale, time slot, and spreading code. Information symbols of each user are encoded by the Haar wavelet in its scale and time slot, and then they are spread by its spreading code. Complex-valued Hadamard sequences are used as spreading sequences and conventional detector (i.e. matched filter) is used at the receiver. Results show that the performance of STCDMA gets much better than that of CDMA over the quasisynchronous AWGN channel as the number of scales increases.     

Multiple level orthogonal codes and their application in MC-CDMA systems

This paper proposes the use of multiple level orthogonal (MLO) codes in multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems. It is extremely challenging to improve system error probability performance of MC-CDMA systems with binary spreading codes in multi-user conditions, since attainable-diversity performance is severely degraged by multi-user interference (MUI) in frequency-selective fading channel conditions, even with the use of optimum multi-user detection (MUD) methods. MLO codes are shown to improve system error probability performance in heavily-loaded or fully-loaded systems, in comparison to binary codes. Some widely used MLO code generation methods are summarized, and a new generation method is also provided. The performance advantage of MLO codes over binary codes is analyzed by treating the spreading process in MC-CDMA as a coding process and via analysis of pair-wise sequence error probability. Rules for choosing desirable MLO codes for multi-user MC-CDMA are also given. Numerical results show that MLO codes can provide a substantial performance improvement in fully-loaded systems. For example, for a K = 4 user system with spreading gain L = 4, our system can obtain a diversity order of 3, whereas the binary code system diversity order is only slightly larger than 1. The MLO code application provides a new way to compensate for multi-user interference (MUI) and makes MC-CDMA more attractive for future high data-rate transmission systems.     

基于混沌与自编码相融合的扩频码构造方法

针对传统扩频码周期短及安全性差的不足,提出混沌映射与自编码相融合的扩频码构造方法。该方法首先将Logistic混沌映射产生的序列进行同态均匀映射以获取高平衡度伪随机序列,其次与其不等长子序列复合重复迭代并生成长度随迭代次数呈几何级数增加的复合符号序列,最后与自编码序列经二维Henon映射相融合产生高质量复合随机序列。以混沌和自编码为基础分析该方法的有效性,并与现有扩频码进行仿真测试比较,结果表明新扩频码具有良好的相关特性和较高的复杂性,并能获得较低的扩频误码率。     

时空混沌混合跳扩通信系统

针对跳扩通信系统中直扩和跳频的二维性,提出了一种时空混沌跳扩通信系统.通过时空混沌,不仅可以增强系统的保密性,又能同时产生实时的直扩序列和跳频图案序列,减小了系统实现的复杂度.此外,文中产生的PN序列和跳频图案序列的周期易于控制,可以任意改变.使系统更加灵活,保密性更高.文中对新构建系统的误码率性能进行了分析,仿真结果表明,该系统具有理想的误码率性能,抗多址干扰能力强,具有非常广阔的应用前景.     

全分集高速率复正交空时分组码设计

基于典型的多输入-多输出无线通信系统,研究了一种适用于任意发射天线数的高速率复正交空时分组码设计方法。证明了采用该算法所设计的复正交空时分组码能达到满发送分集度和未对信号进行线性处理时的最大码率（m+1）/2m（m为自然数）。在此基础上,对不同发送天线数（n=2,3,4,5,6,7,8）的复正交空时分组码进行了蒙特卡洛仿真,从而验证了算法的有效性,并得出发射天线数与系统误比特率性能呈正比,且随着发射天线数目的增加,误比特率性能改善的程度越来越小。     

LDPC码的错误平层研究*

摘要：为了更好的研究LDPC码的错误平层现象,本文提出了一种利用重要抽样信息的仿真方法。在AWGN信道下,当误比特率极低时,该方法相比于传统的蒙特卡洛方法在保证仿真质量不变的情况下,取得了极高的仿真增益。利用该方法可以仿真到传统蒙特卡罗方法无法仿真到的仿真区域。仿真结果表明,对于一个码长为2000,码率为1/2的LDPC码字,当误比特率为10-20 时,该方法取得1014以上的仿真增益。     

BIAWGN信道中改进的LT码优化方法

在二进制输入加性高斯白噪声信道中传输LT码时,采用高斯近似方法预测置信传播译码算法的误比特率性能不够准确。为此,提出一种改进的高斯近似方法,其中,输入节点度分布采用泊松分布,相应的软信息为高斯混合物,在此基础上给出一种LT码度分布优化方法。仿真结果证明,该方法相比同类方法性能更优越。     

基于SPECK和Turbo码的鲁棒图像传输

针对信源与信道编码各自的特点,提出了一种基于SPECK（set partitioned embedded block coder）算法和Turbo码相结合的信源信道联合编码方案.由于图像经SPECK算法编码后的数据流对信道噪声非常敏感,所以可采用此方案来提高图像对信道错误的鲁棒性.该方案通过SPECK算法来产生具有不同容错性的子流,信道编码采用删余Turbo码,用不同码率的信道编码来对这些子流进行非平等保护,以改善数据流抗信道差错的整体性能.这种方案充分利用了信源编码后的数据流的特性,从而使误码率与码长达到了一个较好的平衡.实验结果表明,该方案不仅能够在较高的压缩比下,使解码图像具有较高的峰值信噪比,并且由于Turbo码的优异性能,使得图像在较低信噪比条件下进行传输仍具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于误码率与中断概率约束的femtocell网络分布式功率控制

家庭基站(femtocell)网络可有效改善无线通信业务的室内覆盖性能,提高信道容量.然而,复杂的动态通信环境导致信道的不确定性,影响用户服务质量.基于此,研究双层femtocell网络在快衰落信道环境下基于误码率约束的功率控制问题;考虑信号传输的中断概率,以及服务质量指标–误码率等方面的要求,构造在此约束下的优化问题;最大化双层femtocell网络的净收益,使得网络系统的通信性能最优;通过对概率约束进行数学处理,将其转化为确定性形式,并提出分布式鲁棒优化算法对等价的确定性优化问题进行求解,从而获得最优功率分配策略.最后,通过仿真验证了所提出算法的收敛性和有效性.     

Blind parameter estimation of turbo convolutional codes: Noisy and non-synchronized scenario

Blind estimation of forward error correction code parameters at the receiver plays a significant role in non-cooperative communication, adaptive modulation and coding systems, and reconfigurable receiver systems. Turbo convolutional codes, a parallel concatenation of multiple convolutional codes, are used in digital communication and storage systems to achieve low bit error rate. The present paper proposes innovative algorithms for the blind estimation of code parameters and reconstruction of turbo convolutional encoder over noisy scenario. The turbo convolutional code is designed using two component codes along with an interleaver. Recursive systematic convolutional codes are used as component codes. Any imperfection in synchronization of received data for the proposed code parameter estimation algorithm is compensated through a bit position adjustment parameter. The performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of parameter estimation accuracy is investigated for different modulation order, code rate, and constraint length values. It is observed that the performance improves with decrease in modulation order and constraint length values.     

一种支持OVSF码重分配的下行带宽分配算法

WCDMA的下行链路中,OVSF码被用作区分不同物理信道的信道化码,以最大程度降低UE的多址接入干扰(MAI),并提供对可变速率的支持。所以OVSF码的分配策略及算法直接影响网络的整体性能。该文分析了DCA算法的不足之处并提出了一种支持重分配的多码分配算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能在保持下行链路带宽利用率的同时,有效地减少OVSF码树的碎片并减轻重分配给系统带来的影响。     

误码条件下BCH码的盲识别方法

针对误码条件下的BCH码盲识别问题,提出了一种低复杂度的算法。现有的对BCH码的识别方法多采用通用的线性分组码识别方法,不能同时适用于码长较长、误码率较高时的情况。该算法基于BCH码是汉明码的子空间,通过汉明码的校验矩阵校验BCH码。识别内容包括码长、码字起点和生成多项式。仿真结果表明:对码长为1023的BCH码,在误码率0.5%的条件下,仍能正确识别。     

Error-resilient pattern classification using a combination of spreading and coding gains

An approach that aims to enhance error resilience in pattern classification problems is proposed. The new approach combines the spread spectrum technique, specifically its selectivity and sensitivity, with error-correcting output codes (ECOC) for pattern classification. This approach combines both the coding gain of ECOC and the spreading gain of the spread spectrum technique to improve error resilience. ECOC is a well-established technique for general purpose pattern classification, which reduces the multi-class learning problem to an ensemble of two-class problems and uses special codewords to improve the error resilience of pattern classification. The direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) technique is a spread spectrum technique that provides high user selectivity and high signal detection sensitivity, resulting in a reliable connection through a noisy radio communication channel shared by multiple users. Using DS-CDMA to spread the codeword, assigned to each pattern class by the ECOC technique, gives codes with coding properties that enable better correction of classification errors than ECOC alone. Results of performance assessment experiments show that the use of DS-CDMA alongside ECOC boosts error-resilience significantly, by yielding better classification accuracy than ECOC by itself.     

Adaptive rate coding using convolutional codes for asynchronous code division multiple access communications over slowly fading channels

This paper presents a method of code rate adaptation using punctured convolutional codes for direct sequence spread spectrum communication systems over slowly fading channels. A blind channel estimation technique is used to estimate the nature of the multi-user channel at the detector (before the decoder). The path gains obtained from the channel estimation technique are used to adapt the code rates. Punctured codes derived from a specific rate 1/2 (M = 4) mother code are used to provide error protection corresponding to the actual channel state. The upper and lower bounds on the bit error probability and the upper bound on the error event probability are derived for hard-decision and soft-decision decoding over Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. The throughput gains obtained using the adaptive scheme and the performances of the punctured codes are studied.     

Streaming video over variable bit-rate wireless channels

We consider streaming of video sequences over both constant and variable bit-rate (VBR) channels. Our goal is to enable decoding of each video unit before exceeding its displaying deadline and, hence, to guarantee successful sequence presentation even if the media rate does not match the channel rate. In this work, we show that the separation between a delay jitter buffer and a decoder buffer is in general suboptimal for VBR video transmitted over VBR channels. We specify the minimum initial delay and the minimum required buffer for a given video stream and a deterministic VBR channel. In addition, we provide some probabilistic statements in case that we observe a random behavior of the channel bit rate. A specific example tailored to wireless video streaming is discussed in greater detail and bounds are derived which allow guaranteeing a certain quality-of-service even for random VBR channels in a wireless environment. Simulation results validate the findings.     

Hybrid weighted bit flipping low density parity check decoding

Low density parity check codes (LDPC) exhibit near capacity performance in terms of error correction. Large hardware costs, limited flexibility in terms of code length/code rate and considerable power consumption limit the use of belief-propagation algorithm based LDPC decoders in area and energy sensitive mobile environment. Serial bit flipping algorithms offer a trade-off between resource utilization and error correction performance at the expense of increased number of decoding iterations required for convergence. Parallel weighted bit flipping decoding and its variants aim at reducing the decoding iteration and time by flipping the potential erroneous bits in parallel. However, in most of the existing parallel decoding methods, the flipping threshold requires complex computations.In this paper, Hybrid Weighted Bit Flipping (HWBF) decoding is proposed to allow multiple bit flipping in each decoding iteration. To compute the number of bits that can be flipped in parallel, a criterion for determining the relationship between the erroneous bits in received code word is proposed. Using the proposed relation the proposed scheme can detect and correct a maximum of 3 erreneous hard decision bits in an iteration. The simulation results show that as compared to existing serial bit flipping decoding methods, the number of iterations required for convergence is reduced by 45% and the decoding time is reduced by 40%, by the use of proposed HWBF decoding. As compared to existing parallel bit flipping decoding methods, the proposed HWBF decoding can achieve similar bit error rate (BER) with same number of iterations and lesser computational complexity. Due to reduced number of decoding iterations, less computational complexity and reduced decoding time, the proposed HWBF decoding can be useful in energy sensitive mobile platforms.     

基于卷积码的Turbo码交织器的设计

以（３７,２１）ＰＳＣ码为例,提出对基于卷积码的Ｔｕｒｂｏ码的交织器的设计方案,并推广到一般的ＲＳＣ码．分析了该交织对Ｔｕｒｂｏ码距离谱的影响．给出了动用该交织后分量码的选取原则．可以看到,该交织器设计方案在误比特率为１０＾－５时将产生明显的作用．