网络控制系统时变采样周期的建模与切换控制*

针对具有双边随机时延和丢包的网络控制系统,首先采用了主动时变采样周期的方法,利用事件和时间驱动相结合方式,传感器的采样周期可实时地跟随网络延时和丢包的变化而改变,克服了长时延和数据包错序的问题。然后将系统建立为统一的切换系统模型,结合基于平均驻留时间的方法,给出了系统状态满足指数稳定的条件,并且描述了其指数衰减率和丢包率之间的定量关系。最后通过数值例仿真验证了本文所提方法的有效性。     

具有双边随机时延和丢包的网络控制系统稳定性分析

针对具有双边随机网络时延和丢包的网络控制系统,首先基于Markov的随机过程描述系统丢包的特性;然后利用系统增广矩阵的方法建立参数不确定的离散时间跳变系统模型,在考虑Markov链转移概率矩阵中部分元素未知甚至完全未知的条件下,采用Lyapunov稳定理论和随机理论的分析方法,设计依赖于丢包特性且满足系统均方稳定要求的时变控制器;最后通过数值算例仿真表明所提出方法的有效性.     

长时延和丢包的网络控制系统保性能控制

为了研究具有长时延和丢包的网络控制系统保性能控制问题,假设传感器由时钟驱动,控制器和执行器由事件驱动,网络时延在两个采样周期之间,丢包具有马尔科夫跳变特性,利用状态增广的方法,把具有长时延和丢包的网络控制系统建模为具有两种运行模式的离散时间马尔可夫跳变系统,把网络时延转化为系统参数矩阵的不确定性.在此基础上,利用马尔可夫线性跳变系统理论和线性矩阵不等式方法,推导出使网络控制系统随机稳定的保性能控制律存在的充分条件,并给出了设计方法.数例仿真说明了所用方法的有效性.     

具有时延和丢包的网络控制系统H_∞状态反馈控制

研究了具有时延和数据包丢失的网络控制系统H∞状态反馈控制问题.考虑了网络控制系统中同时存在时延和数据包丢失的情况.将丢包过程建模为有限状态的马尔可夫过程.在此模型的基础上,利用Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式方法.给出了保持系统均方稳定且满足H∞性能的控制器存在的充分条件,并给出了相应的设计方法.最后数例仿真结果表明了控制器设计方法的有效性.     

时延丢包网络控制系统的分析与控制

针对网络控制系统中同时存在时延和丢包问题,基于零阶保持器的工作机制,将同时受时延和丢包影响的网络控制系统建模为输入带有时延的控制系统,根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论和时滞系统理论得出控制系统的时滞相关稳定性条件,进一步基于锥补线性化的方法给出控制器的设计方法,有效解决了网络控制系统中同时存在时延和丢包的控制问题。仿真算例表明所提方法的有效性。     

网络控制系统的时延相关状态反馈控制器设计

研究了具有时延、丢包和数据包时序错乱的网络控制系统镇定问题.为了有效提高系统的控制性能,本文根据网络控制系统的特点提出一种时延相关状态反馈控制方法,并将闭环网络控制系统建模为离散时间切换模型.在此基础上,通过构造依赖于参数的Lyapunov函数给出了闭环网络控制系统的稳定条件和镇定控制器设计方法.仿真结果和实验结果表明所提方法的有效性和可用性.     

具有多通道数据传输的飞行器网络控制系统故障检测

研究具有多通道数据传输的飞行器网络控制系统故障检测滤波器(FDF)设计问题.考虑每个通道存在各自的网络时延,且丢包符合Markov随机过程.首先,将系统建模为转移概率部分已知的离散Markov跳变线性系统,并设计了基于观测器的故障检测滤波器,将故障检测问题转化为H∞滤波问题;然后,利用LMI工具给出了FDF的可解条件和求解方法;最后,通过某飞行器网络控制系统的数值仿真实验验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

主动式通信网络性能自动监测方法

为有效感知网络吞吐量变化、时延以及丢包等态势,科学地量化分析网络性能,提出基于时间域的主动式通信网络性能自动化监测方法。构建基于时间域的三级网络性能自动化监测结构,依据网络通信目的、分布式监控以及集中控制节点采集网络监控数据,将吞吐率、时延、丢包率作为衡量主动式通信网络性能的时间域指标,通过网络吞吐率、时延与时延抖动计算以及基于EM-MLE算法的丢包率计算,实现网络性能自动化监测。经实验验证：该方法针对网络吞吐率、丢包率与时延监测结果均与实际情况较为接近,能精确监测不同月份网络链路的可用率与优良率变化。     

信元调度问题中有优先级的排队系统研究

本文根据排队理论和实际应用对带有优先级的信元调度问题进行了定量分析研究,推导出了每个级别的信元平均时延以及丢包率的计算公式,并进行了计算机仿真。将理论公式与仿真结果进行了对照分析,得出了要降低平均时延、减少丢包率就必须提高服务率（在缓冲区大小既定的情况下）的结论。由已得到的公式,我们可以确定将平均时延及及丢包率控制在所允许的范围内的服务率的具体数值。本文所采用的分析方法克服了以往计算平均时延和丢包率的概率母函数法以及数值叠代计算方法的复杂性。     

离散线性切换系统的一致有限时间稳定分析和反馈控制及其在网络控制系统中的应用

研究了一类离散线性切换系统的一致有限时间稳定性分析和反馈镇定．基于线性矩阵不等式技术,给出了在任意切换信号作用下,离散线性切换系统有限时间稳定和有限时间有界的充分条件,并给出了离散线性切换控制系统一致有限时间状态反馈控制器的设计方法．将上述分析结果应用于一类丢包有界的网络控制系统,得到了保证其有限时间稳定的反馈控制器．最后,通过两个数值仿真例子验证了所提方法的有效性．     

具有Markovian时延与丢包的离散系统的状态估计

网络化控制系统中经常会因网络带宽有限而导致数据包在网络中传输时产生时延甚至丢失.本文主要研究具有Markovian时延与丢包的离散线性系统的状态估计问题.通过在估计器端设置适当长度的缓存器,把具有多状态Markovian时延与丢包的离散定常系统建模成数据包到达过程为两状态Markovian模型的离散时变系统,并基于跳跃线性估计器的思想提出了一类特殊的估计器,即限定接收历史估计器 (FRHE).在最大时延已知时,给出了可选增益的最优RHE设计策略.该策略虽然是次优,却能提供简便的计算.通过与时变Kalman估计器 (TVKE)的仿真对比,表明所提策略的有效性.     

同时考虑量化误差的网络化控制系统鲁棒H∞完整性设计

针对同时存在时变时延、丢包和信息量化的参数线性不确定网络化控制系统,在执行器失效故障和外界有限能量扰动共存的情形下,基于状态多时延模型,通过构造时滞且量化误差依赖的Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,给出了使不确定网络化控制系统具有鲁棒H∞完整性的判决准则和控制器的设计方法。还进一步讨论了故障网络化控制系统稳定运行的最大允许时延和最大允许量化误差,并以此为依据对H∞性能指标进行了优化,给出了鲁棒H∞最优容错控制器设计方法。由于模型中考虑了时延下界,证明过程引入适当自由权矩阵变量且未进行模型转换,使得其结果具有较少保守性。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Robust H∞ control for networked systems with transmission delays and successive packet dropouts under stochastic sampling

This paper is concerned with the H_∞ performance analysis for networked control systems with transmission delays and successive packet dropouts under stochastic sampling. The parameter uncertainties are time‐varying norm‐bounded and appear in both the state and input matrices. If packet loss is considered the same as time delay, when models the networked control systems with successive packet dropouts and delays as ordinary linear system with input‐delay approach, due to sampling period is stochastic, then the delay caused by packet losses is a stochastic variable, which leads to difficulties in the stability analysis of the considered system. However, if we can transform the system with stochastic delay into a continuous system with stochastic parameter, we can solve the problem. In this paper, by assuming that the network packet loss rate and employing the information of probabilistic distribution of the time delays, the stochastic sampling system is transformed into a continuous‐time model with stochastic variable, which satisfies a Bernoulli distribution. By linear matrix inequality approach, sufficient conditions are obtained, which guarantee the robust mean‐square exponential stability of the system with an H_∞ performance. What's more, an H_∞ controller design procedure is then proposed, and a less conservative result is obtained by taking the probability into consideration. Finally, a numerical simulation example is employed to show the effectiveness of the obtained results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于平均变化率和空闲长度的丢包概率模型

针对RED队列丢包概率模型在计算丢包概率时精确性不足且未考虑网络流量的自相似性问题,提出了基于数据包入队速率平均变化率和队列空闲长度的队列丢包概率模型（DRED）,给出了相应的实现算法。DRED将网络流量状态引入到丢包概率的计算过程中,丢包概率随着网络流量状态的变化而变化,克服了RED队列丢包概率模型在平均队列长度大于队列最大阈值小于队列最大长度时直接将到达的数据包全部丢弃的弊端。实验结果表明,与RED相比,DRED丢包概率的计算更加精确,丢包率有所降低,吞吐量相对提高,端到端时延虽稍有增大,但时延抖动较小,网络的整体性能有一定提高。     

编解码和时延约束下的网络化控制系统最优跟踪性能

本文研究了具有丢包、时延、编解码等通信资源受限下多输入多输出离散时间网络控制系统的最优跟踪性能. 基于频域方法, 采用二元随机过程来模拟数据包丢失, 并假设信道噪声是加性高斯白噪声(AWGN), 推导了在丢包、信道噪声、时延和编解码影响下的跟踪性能极限. 采用单参数补偿器(SDOF), 利用互质分解、Youla参数化等工具得到了编解码和时延约束下的网络控制系统最优跟踪性能的显式表达式. 结果表明, 跟踪性能与对象的固有特性(非最小相位零点与不稳定极点的位置和方向)、时延、丢包率和AWGN 功率谱密度密切相关.     

A new delay system approach to network-based control

This paper presents a new delay system approach to network-based control. This approach is based on a new time-delay model proposed recently, which contains multiple successive delay components in the state. Firstly, new results on stability and H_∞ performance are proposed for systems with two successive delay components, by exploiting a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and by making use of novel techniques for time-delay systems. An illustrative example is provided to show the advantage of these results. The second part of this paper utilizes the new model to investigate the problem of network-based control, which has emerged as a topic of significant interest in the control community. A sampled-data networked control system with simultaneous consideration of network induced delays, data packet dropouts and measurement quantization is modeled as a nonlinear time-delay system with two successive delay components in the state and, the problem of network-based H_∞ control is solved accordingly. Illustrative examples are provided to show the advantage and applicability of the developed results for network-based controller design.     

Port partitioning and dynamic queueing for IP forwarding

With the increase of internet protocol (IP) packets the performance of routers became an important issue in internet/working. In this paper we examine the matching algorithm in gigabit router which has input queue with virtual output queueing. Dynamic queue scheduling is also proposed to reduce the packet delay and packet loss probability. Port partitioning is employed to reduce the computational burden of the scheduler in a switch which matches the input and output ports for fast packet switching. Each port is divided into two groups such that the matching algorithm is implemented within each pair of groups in parallel. The matching is performed by exchanging the pair of groups at every time slot. Two algorithms, maximal weight matching by port partitioning (MPP) and modified maximal weight matching by port partitioning (MMPP) are presented. In dynamic queue scheduling, a popup decision rule for each delay critical packet is made to reduce both the delay of the delay critical packet and the loss probability of loss critical packet. Computational results show that MMPP has the lowest delay and requires the least buffer size. The throughput is illustrated to be linear to the packet arrival rate, which can be achieved under highly efficient matching algorithm. The dynamic queue scheduling is illustrated to be highly effective when the occupancy of the input buffer is relatively high.Scope and purposeTo cope with the increasing internet traffic, it is necessary to improve the performance of routers. To accelerate the switching from input ports to output in the router partitioning of ports and dynamic queueing are proposed. Input and output ports are partitioned into two groups A/B and a/b, respectively. The matching for the packet switching is performed between group pairs (A, a) and (B, b) in parallel at one time slot and (A, b) and (B, a) at the next time slot. Dynamic queueing is proposed at each input port to reduce the packet delay and packet loss probability by employing the popup decision rule and applying it to each delay critical packet.The partitioning of ports is illustrated to be highly effective in view of delay, required buffer size and throughput. The dynamic queueing also demonstrates good performance when the traffic volume is high.     

非线性时滞系统的抖振削弱自适应滑模控制

针对一类非线性时滞系统的鲁棒自适应滑模控制器设计问题,提出了一种基于偏微分变换的自适应滑模控制方法,该方法能够有效地削弱系统的输入抖动．基于自适应滑模控制技术和Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ稳定方法,克服了时滞影响,不但保证系统状态可以在有限的时间内到达滑模面,而且保证了系统的渐近稳定特性．最后给出的仿真结果验证了该控制方案的有效性．