三维网格模型的图像化表示

为使三维网格模型能被GPU进行渲染,提出了一种适用于GPU的针对零亏格的三角网格模型的绘制框架.传统的方法生成几何图像一般是从原始网格逐步切割至平面域,但是这样会产生复杂接缝的问题.论文通过对参数化后的球面进行映射,从而间接生成几何图像,避免了对原始网格进行复杂的切割.首先,将已经球面参数化后的球面信息映射至立方体,立方体平铺开即构成一个二维几何图像;然后,将二维纹理信息传输至GPU,利用GPU来还原三角网格模型.此文采用OpenGL和CUDA相结合的方式来实现最终效果,实验结果表明该绘制框架是可行的,参数化效果和还原效果较好.     

一种基于三角网格模型的空洞填补方法

为解决三角网格模型的空洞填补问题,提出一种识别、提取、分离空洞边缘的方法流程,并且利用一种改进的三维多边形三角化算法进行空洞填补。首先,根据网格模型空洞边缘的固有性质,对网格模型的边界边进行提取;然后,对提取的边界边集合进行包括孤立点、非封闭边等异常值的消除;再利用空洞边缘封闭的性质单独分离每个空洞边缘;最后,利用一种改进的三维多边形三角化算法对每个分离出来的空洞边缘进行填补。与通常的空洞填补算法相比,所提出的方法具有更好的鲁棒性,能够处理更复杂更大的空洞边缘和三角网格模型,并且能够最大限度地保持原型,同时对空洞有较平滑的填补效果,在恢复医学三维模型以及数字三维扫描模型的完整性中有很好的应用。     

三维网格模型的球面分割几何压缩算法

首先对单位球面进行均匀分割,构造出规则球面网格,然后依次对球面网格点进行编号,用半径和球面网格点编号近似表示每个顶点的三维坐标.对这些编号排序后,用相邻编号的差值来表示球面网格点编号,实现了只用一个浮点数和一个网格点编号差值来表示一个顶点的3个坐标值.浮点数表示的半径可以量化为整数,进一步压缩存储空间.该算法的最大优点是与模型的拓扑性质无关,只需要利用模型的顶点坐标.实验结果显示,文中算法有较好的压缩效果,虽然该算法是针对三角面片网格来说明的,但是其基本思想也可以应用到其他形式的网格模型中.     

基于三角网格模型的局部纹理映射

局部纹理映射可以增添三维模型的局部细节,加强模型的真实感。为了实现对三维模型的局部特征描写,增强局部纹理映射的用户可交互性,提出一种基于区域增长和平面投影的方法来实现三角网格模型的局部纹理映射。区域增长是以指定的三角面片为初始种子面片,搜索与种子面片共顶点的增长规则扩散出待映射区域。算法不仅保证了选取区域的完整性,不会出现缺角的情况;同时用户可以改变待映射区域的位置和大小。采用平面投影法对待映射区域进行纹理映射,将三维顶点投影到基准平面上,建立二维坐标系与纹理坐标系的关系,从而确定三维顶点和纹理坐标的对应关系。算法成功应用于实验,表明该方法的可行性。     

三维网格的边界强度分割算法

提出一种新的基于网格边界几何信息的快速分割算法,首先按照原始网格模型面片的拓扑关系建立对偶图,并根据网格面片的几何信息设定顶点权和边权;使用k-way 多级分割方法在对偶图上进行快速分割,得到预分割区域以及各分割区域的初始边界;然后定义分割片的特征边界和边界强度函数,用以表示各预分割区域边界上的形变模型;通过最小化形变模型的能量函数,推动初始边界向特征边界运动,最终得到符合最小值法则的有意义的子网格.实验结果表明,该算法快速有效,适用于各种局部边缘特点较显著的三角网格模型.     

三维网格模型水印自适应调节算法

为提高三维网格模型嵌入水印的透明性,提出一种基于模型局部几何特征的自适应水印强度调节算法。将网格模型分割为若干局部区域,根据各区域内几何数据的波动情况对水印嵌入强度进行调节。几何误差和视觉失真误差评价结果表明,与非自适应嵌入方法相比,该方法嵌入的水印透明性较高。     

一种三角网格模型的边界提取快速算法

针对三角网格数据,提出一种边界提取的快速算法。建立边栈,将所有边索引压入边栈中,并初始化一个空的边池。从边栈中弹出一个边索引与池中的所有边索引进行比较,如果2条边索引相同则视该边为内边,从池中删除;否则留在池中。继续执行该过程,直到边栈为空,结束边界提取,边池中的边即边界边。实验结果表明,该算法易于实现,具有较高的计算效率。     

三角网格模型的补洞算法研究

提出了一种三角网格模型的空间孔洞修补算法.首先根据网格中的点、边和三角形之间的关系提取孔洞边界,然后根据孔洞区域的夹角的顺序在空间中依次填补三角形直至修补完全,接着对新增加的高度弯曲的三角形进行细分,最后对修补后的孔洞网格进行几何形态调整,光顺化整个孔洞曲面.实验结果证明,该算法简单、有效,孔洞修补效果好.     

三维网格模型的快速拓扑重建算法

为了提高重建三维网格模型拓扑的速度,选择半边结构作为表示实体模型拓扑关系的结构模型,设计了新的用于加快顶点合并的索引方法。在顶点合并时直接定位到欲查找的顶点位置上,无须借助AVL等辅助查找表。拓扑重建的时间复杂度由原来的O(n log n)降低至O(n)。通过SMF格式文件进行的测试结果表明,在普通PC上重建含有10万个三角面片模型的拓扑结构也只需1s。     

基于三维网格模型的双重数字盲水印算法

为提高一重三维模型数字水印的安全性,提出一种基于三维网格模型的双重数字盲水印算法。通过改变三角网格顶点在其一环相邻顶点所确定的局部几何空间中的位置和三角面片顶点排列顺序,嵌入双重水印,使模型能抵抗严重的剪切攻击及一定程度的噪声攻击。算法在提取水印时无需原始模型。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效抵抗平移、旋转、均匀缩放、顶点乱序、多边形乱序及剪切等攻击,具有嵌入可读水印的不可见性。     

Sculptured surface machining using triangular mesh slicing

In this paper, an optimized procedure for tool path generation in regional milling is presented. The proposed procedure computes tool paths by slicing a CL-surface (Cutter Location surface), which is a triangular, mesh containing invalid triangles. Tool path generation consists of two steps: firstly, it obtains a set of line segments by slicing the triangular mesh with two-dimensional geometric elements (slicing elements), and, secondly, it extracts a valid tool path from the line segments by removing invalid portions. Two algorithms based on the slicing elements are presented: a ‘line projection’ algorithm based on the plane sweeping paradigm, which works efficiently by using the characteristics of a monotone chain; and a ‘curve projection’ algorithm for the projection of curves, which transforms the curve projection problem into a line projection problem by mapping the XYZ-space of the cylinder surface to the TZ-plane of the unfolded cylinder. The proposed procedure has been implemented and applied to tool path generation in regional milling. Performance tests show the efficiency of the proposed procedure.     

Registration of CAD mesh models with CT volumetric model of assembly of machine parts

X-ray CT (computed tomography) has experienced tremendous growth in industrial application in recent years, and acquiring information about the mechanical parts from CT data has been a great challenge for researchers. This paper presents a new method for the registration of a CT volumetric model of an assembly of parts with a CAD mesh model of a part of the assembly using ICP (iterative closest point) registration method. A few steps to extract feature points should be done as a preprocessing step of the volumetric model and the mesh model before applying the ICP registration algorithm, since the volumetric model and the mesh model are different in their data representation. This preprocessing step is important in order to unify the input of the ICP algorithm, and contributes to the robustness and the speed of the registration process.     

散乱点云的三角网格重构

基于增量扩散法的思想,提出并实现了一个散乱点云的三角网格重构算法,算法首先利用体素网格的散列表对散乱点进行组织,然后在确定了初始种子三角形的基础上,基于活动边扩展规则构造新的三角形,使网格不断向周围扩展直到活动边表空为止,最后算法合并棱边并计算每个三角形的顶点法矢,最终构造出散乱点云的三角网格。     

大型三维几何模型在分布式协同设计中实时传输的关键技术

针对网络环境和分布式协同设计的实时性要求,在充分对比CAD模型和三角网格模型特性的基础上,提出了基于三角网格模型进行分布式协同设计,并讨论大型网格模型实时传输的关键技术,以有效的多分辨率模型为基础,在客户机／服务器环境下通过增量传输、选精化和特征映射,实现客户端驱动的产品3D模型的远程实时动态观察和特征参数的在线讨论与修改,系统可跨平台支持多个异地设计节点协同。     

Triangular mesh intersection

This paper proposes an efficient algorithm for finding self-intersections of a triangular mesh. It is very important to restrict, as much as possible, when and where the basic triangle-to-triangle intersection (TTI) algorithm is applied by taking advantage of the geometry and topology of a triangular mesh. To reduce the number of triangle pairs to be checked for intersection, the suggested algorithm employs the visibility information of triangles together with a conventional space-partitioning method. The visibility method works by topology, while the space-partitioning method works by geometry. The complementary nature of the two techniques enables additional improvement of the triangular mesh intersection process. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested with various examples. Some examples have been provided to illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.     

A fast robust algorithm for the intersection of triangulated surfaces

The use of discrete data to represent engineering structures as derivatives from intersecting components requires algorithms to perform Boolean operations between groups of triangulated surfaces. In the intersection process, an accurate and efficient method for the determination of intersection lines is a crucial step for large scale and complex surface intersections. An algorithm based on tracing the neighbours of intersecting triangles (TNOIT) is proposed to determine the intersection lines. Given the node numbers at the vertices of the triangles, the neighbour relationship is first established. A background grid is employed to limit the scope of searching for candidate triangles that may intersect. This will drastically reduce the time of geometrical checking for intersections between triangles, making the surface intersection and mesh generation a quasi-linear process with respect to the number of elements involved. In the determination of intersection between two triangles, four fundamental cases are identified and treated systematically to enhance robustness and reliability. Tracing the neighbours for the determination of intersection lines not only greatly increases the efficiency of the process, it also improves the reliability as branching and degenerated cases can all be dealt with in a consistent manner on the intersecting surfaces concerned. Five examples on a great variety of surface and mesh characteristics are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.     

A piecewise hole filling algorithm in reverse engineering

While scanning a complex part in reverse engineering, it is not possible to acquire all part of the scanned surface. Data are inevitably missing due to the complexity of the scanned part or imperfect scanning process. Missing scanned data cause holes in the created triangular mesh, so that a hole-free mesh model is prerequisite for fitting watertight surfaces. Although a number of hole filling algorithms have been investigated, they enable to fill holes only on the smooth regions of a model. They are not always robust in the regions of high curvature. This paper proposes a novel methodology that can automatically fill complex polygonal holes with a piecewise manner. It incrementally splits a complex hole into several simple holes with respect to the 3D shape of the hole boundary, and then it consecutively fills each divided simple hole with planar triangulation method until the entire complex hole is firmly closed. Finally smoothing and subdivision techniques are applied for enhancing the hole triangles. The newly created vertices and triangles are added to their respective lists and the topology information is updated. The method has proven to be robust and effective from the result of test with a variety of complex holes. Examples are given and discussed to validate the methodology.     

基于三角面模型的虚拟轮廓铣削仿真研究

针对基于三角面片构建的带内腔毛坯模型,在轮廓铣削仿真时,由于在不完全被切除的三角面片中未被切除顶点的不移动,所造成被切削轮廓面不光顺的问题,提出了沿刀具切削包络面的法向,未被切除的顶点移动到包络面上的方法,解决了轮廓面不光顺的问题;而对于仿真铣削带内腔毛坯时,就内外表面如何关联的问题,首先提出了判断刀具进出模型内外表面的算法,然后给出了轮廓面与内腔面关联的方法,完善地解决了这一问题.基于本研究提出的方法,通过VirtoolsDev开发平台,对带内腔的三角面片模型,获得了具有光顺切削表面的仿真效果.同时,使得铣削仿真精度也得到了根本性的改善.     

极大熵条件下的动态搜索优化图象重建方法

提出一种满足多种准则的动态搜索优化图象重建方法。从图象场的本质出发,设立了３个准则函数。熵函数的导数是非线性的,本文将其变换为近似的线性公式以获得迭代公路。动态搜索则尽可能避免很多算法在迭代过程中对图象校正过量或不足的问题。