改进的CK-means优化及并行策略

针对大数据背景下K-means存在选取质心导致的局部最优解、聚类速度慢的问题,提出一种Flink平台下的CK-means聚类优化及并行策略。从算法优化层面,采用Canopy算法确定聚类数目◢k◣并选取初始质心;从并行化加速层面,基于Flink平台设计了一种面向CK-means的并行加速策略,并分析不同并行度对计算耗时的影响。经实验,相较于K-means算法,CK-means算法的准确率与迭代次数间的比值更高,算法性能更优,在iris数据集中性能比提升44.79%,在wine数据集中性能比提升32.03%;同时证明了不同并行度下CK-means算法的聚类耗时呈现先下降后上升的趋势,其聚类耗时的最小值与数据集的大小相关。     

基于K-Means改进算法在微博话题发现中的应用研究

在传统的K-means算法中,聚类结果很大程度依赖于随机选择的初始聚类中心点以及人工指定的k值.为了提高聚类精度,本文提出了利用最小距离与平均聚集度来对初始聚类中心点进行选取,将层次聚类CURE算法得到的聚簇数作为k值,从而使聚类精度得到提高.最后,将改进后的K-means算法应用到微博话题发现中,通过对实验结果分析,证明该算法提高了聚类结果精度.     

一种改进的动态K-means聚类算法

针对初始聚类中心对传统K-means算法的聚类结果有较大影响的问题,提出一种依据样本点类内距离动态调整中心点类间距离的初始聚类中心选取方法,由此得到的初始聚类中心点尽可能分散且具代表性,能有效避免K-means算法陷入局部最优。通过UCI数据集上的数据对改进算法进行实验,结果表明改进的算法提高了聚类的准确性。     

基于距离和权重改进的K-means算法

K-means聚类算法简单高效,应用广泛。针对传统K-means算法初始聚类中心点的选择随机性导致算法易陷入局部最优以及K值需要人工确定的问题,为了得到最合适的初始聚类中心,提出一种基于距离和样本权重改进的K-means算法。该聚类算法采用维度加权的欧氏距离来度量样本点之间的远近,计算出所有样本的密度和权重后,令密度最大的点作为第一个初始聚类中心,并剔除该簇内所有样本,然后依次根据上一个聚类中心和数据集中剩下样本点的权重并通过引入的参数[τi]找出下一个初始聚类中心,不断重复此过程直至数据集为空,最后自动得到[k]个初始聚类中心。在UCI数据集上进行测试,对比经典K-means算法、WK-means算法、ZK-means算法和DCK-means算法,基于距离和权重改进的K-means算法的聚类效果更好。     

基于Spark的K-means改进算法的并行化实现

针对传统K-means算法在处理海量数据时,存在计算复杂度高和计算能力不足等问题,提出了SKDk-means （Spark based kd-tree K-means）并行聚类算法.该算法通过引入kd-tree改善初始中心点的选择,克服传统K-means算法因初始点的不确定性,易陷入局部最优解的问题,同时利用kd-tree的最近邻搜索减少K-means在迭代中的距离计算,加快聚类速度,并在Spark平台上实现了该算法的并行化,使其适用于海量数据聚类,最后通过实验验证了算法具有良好的准确率和并行计算性能.     

基于密度的K-means聚类中心选取的优化算法

针对传统的K-means算法对于初始聚类中心点和聚类数的敏感问题,提出了一种优化初始聚类中心选取的算法。该算法针对数据对象的分布密度以及计算最近两点的垂直中点方法来确定k个初始聚类中心,再结合均衡化函数对聚类个数进行优化,以获得最优聚类。采用标准的UCI数据集进行实验对比,发现改进后的算法相比传统的算法有较高的准确率和稳定性。     

基于余弦距离选取初始簇中心的文本聚类研究

文本聚类是文本信息进行有效组织、摘要和导航的重要手段,其中基于余弦相似度的K-means算法是最重要且使用最广泛的文本聚类算法之一。针对基于余弦相似度的K-means算法改进方案设计困难,且众多优异的基于欧氏距离的K-means改进方法无法适用的问题,对余弦相似度与欧氏距离的关系进行探讨,得到标准向量前提下二者的转化公式,并在此基础上定义一种与欧氏距离意义相近关系紧密的余弦距离,使原有基于欧氏距离的K-means改进方法可通过余弦距离迁移到基于余弦相似度的K-means算法中。在此基础上理论推导出余弦K-means算法及其拓展算法的簇内中心点计算方法,并进一步改进了聚类初始簇中心的选取方案,形成新的文本聚类算法MCSKM++。通过实验验证,该算法在迭代次数减少、运行时间缩短的同时,聚类精度得到提高。     

一种改进K-means聚类的近邻传播最大最小距离算法

针对初始聚类中心不合理的选择会导致K-means算法的聚类结果局部最优,且降低聚类算法收敛速度的问题,提出一种基于近邻传播算法和最大最小距离算法联合计算初始聚类中心的算法(APMMD).该算法通过近邻传播算法从整个样本集中获得Kap(Kap>k)个具有代表性的候选中心点,再利用最大最小距离算法从Kap个候选中心点中选择k个初始聚类中心.在多个UCI数据集上实验,结果表明APMMD算法获得初始聚类中心应用于K-means聚类,迭代次数明显降低,聚类结果稳定且具有较高准确率.     

基于K-means的私人微博聚类算法改进

针对私人微博内容进行聚类研究,结合私人微博的内容和结构特点提出了基于K-means的改进聚类算法。通过添加引用和评论内容丰富了文本内容,降低了短文本矩阵向量严重稀疏性带来的聚类算法准确性降低的影响;通过甄别"微话题"内容和改进相似度的计算,找到初始化类别并进行初步计算得到合适的类别数目和初始中心点,解决了K-means算法中聚类数目K需人工指定和初始中心点选取随机性的问题。实验结果表明,改进后的算法不仅可以自适应地得到K值,较普通的K-means算法在聚类的准确率上有所提高。     

基于MapReduce的K-means聚类算法的优化

针对传统的聚类算法K-means对初始中心点的选择非常依赖,容易产生局部最优而非全局最优的聚类结果,同时难以满足人们对海量数据进行处理的需求等缺陷,提出了一种基于MapReduce的改进K-means聚类算法。该算法结合系统抽样方法得到具有代表性的样本集来代替海量数据集;采用密度法和最大最小距离法得到优化的初始聚类中心点;再利用Canopy算法得到粗略的聚类以降低运算的规模;最后用顺序组合MapReduce编程模型的思想实现了算法的并行化扩展,使之能够充分利用集群的计算和存储能力,从而适应海量数据的应用场景;文中对该改进算法和传统聚类算法进行了比较,比较结果证明其性能优于后者;这表明该改进算法降低了对初始聚类中心的依赖,提高了聚类的准确性,减少了聚类的迭代次数,降低了聚类的时间,而且在处理海量数据时表现出较大的性能优势。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.