High payload multi-channel dual audio watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

Digital watermarking technology is concerned with solving the problem of copyright protection, data authentication, content identification, distribution, and duplication of the digital media due to the great developments in computers and Internet technology. Recently, protection of digital audio signals has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper proposes a new audio watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), and quantization index modulation (QIM) with a synchronization code embedded with two encrypted watermark images or logos inserted into a stereo audio signal. In this algorithm, the original audio signal is split into blocks, and each block is decomposed with a two-level DWT, and then the approximate low-frequency sub-band coefficients are decomposed by SVD transform to obtain a diagonal matrix. The prepared watermarking and synchronization code bit stream is embedded into the diagonal matrix using QIM. After that, we perform inverse singular value decomposition (ISVD) and inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) to obtain the watermarked audio signal. The watermark can be blindly extracted without knowledge of the original audio signal. Experimental results show that the transparency and imperceptibility of the proposed algorithm is satisfied, and that robustness is strong against popular audio signal processing attacks. High watermarking payload is achieved through the proposed scheme.     

A blind audio watermarking based on singular value decomposition and quantization

International Journal of Speech Technology - In this work, we have proposed a robust audio watermarking technique in which a binary image is embedded into a host audio signal for copyright...     

An efficient singular value decomposition algorithm for digital audio watermarking

The singular value decomposition (SVD) mathematical technique is utilized, in this paper, for audio watermarking in time and transform domains. Firstly, the audio signal in time or an appropriate transform domain is transformed to a 2-D format. The SVD algorithm is applied on this 2-D matrix, and an image watermark is added to the matrix of singular values (SVs) with a small weight, to guarantee the possible extraction of the watermark without introducing harmful distortions to the audio signal. The transformation of the audio signal between the 1-D and 2-D formats is performed in the well-known lexicographic ordering method used in image processing. A comparison study is presented in the paper between the time and transform domains as possible hosting media for watermark embedding. Experimental results are in favor of watermark embedding in the time domain if the distortion level in the audio signal is to be kept as low as possible with a high detection probability. The proposed algorithm is utilized also for embedding chaotic encrypted watermarks to increase the level of security. Experimental results show that watermarks embedded with the proposed algorithm can survive several attacks. A segment-by-segment implementation of the proposed SVD audio watermarking algorithm is also presented to enhance the detectability of the watermark in the presence of severe attacks.     

An audio watermarking scheme using singular value decomposition and dither-modulation quantization

Quantization index modulation is one of the best methods for performing blind watermarking, due to its simplicity and good rate-distortion-robustness trade-offs. In this paper, a new audio watermarking algorithm based on singular value decomposition and dither-modulation quantization is presented. The watermark is embedded using dither-modulation quantization of the singular values of the blocks of the host audio signal. The watermark can be blindly extracted without the knowledge of the original audio signal. Subjective and objective tests confirm high imperceptibility achieved by the proposed scheme. Moreover, the scheme is quite robust against attacks including additive white Gaussian noise, MP3 compression, resampling, low-pass filtering, requantization, cropping, echo addition and denoising. The watermark data payload of the algorithm is 196 bps. Performance analysis of the proposed scheme shows low error probability rates.     

基于整数小波变换和SVD的视频水印算法

提出了一种以二值图像为水印的混合整数小波变换和奇异值分解的视频水印盲提取算法。对水印图像进行混沌加密和Arnold置乱处理,选择计算复杂度低的直方图算法将视频分割为若干场景;借助密钥随机选取某些场景的亮度分量进行l级整数小波变换,再对低频子带进行分块的奇异值分解;采用量化的方法,将预处理后的水印图像嵌入奇异值分解后的最大奇异值中。在嵌入了水印的视频场景中提取所有的水印版本之后,利用对提取的所有水印信号版本进行统计求和的方法得到最终提取的水印图像。实验表明,提出的算法具有较好的透明性,对常见的处理具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Audio watermarking in transform domain based on singular value decomposition and Cartesian-polar transformation

This paper presents an audio watermarking scheme in fast Fourier transform (FFT) domain based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and Cartesian-polar transformation (CPT). In our proposed scheme, initially the original audio is segmented into nonoverlapping frames. FFT is applied to each frame and low frequency FFT coefficients are selected. SVD is applied to the selected FFT coefficients of each frame represented in a matrix form. The highest singular values of each frame are selected and are decomposed into two components using CPT. Watermark information is embedded into each of these CPT components using an embedding function. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is highly robust against various signal processing attacks. In addition, the proposed scheme has a high data payload. Moreover, it outperforms state-of-the-art audio watermarking methods in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and data payload.     

自适应小波变换的扩频音频数字水印

在分析了自适应小波变换特性的基础上,提出一种基于自适应小波变换的扩频音频数字水印算法.将二值水印图像降维处理转化为一维序列,再将一维序列与m序列做扩频调制,对音频信号进行分段做自适应小波变换,把经过扩频调制的水印信号经过量化处理嵌入到自适应小波变换后的系数中.模拟实验证明,该方法具有较好的不可感知性和鲁棒性.     

基于复小波域奇异值分解的自适应图像水印

将双树复小波分解的多方向性扣冗余性与奇异值稳定性结合,提出一种新的盲检测数字水印方案.该方案将水印嵌入图像双树复小波分解后各子带系数的分块奇异值中,块长可动态调整.为避免产生块状效应.使用统计学模型来自适应调整量化参数,改善了水印图像的不可感知性和安全性.实验表明,该方案对于通常的几何攻击具有鲁棒性,对JPEG压缩攻击性能较稳定,并有效提高了水印的容量.     

基于奇异值分解的彩色图像水印算法

针对基于量化的嵌入方法不能抵抗亮度增强等攻击而基于关系的嵌入方法抵抗常见的攻击能力较弱等缺点, 提出了一种混合量化和关系嵌入方法的彩色图像水印算法。该算法先对彩色图像的每一分量进行互不重叠的大小为8×8的分块, 借助密钥选取待嵌入水印的分块并对选取的分块进行1级离散小波变换和分别对低频子带与高频子带进行奇异值分解, 在低频和高频子带奇异值分解后的奇异值矩阵分别采用量化和关系的嵌入策略嵌入预处理后的水印。实验表明, 该算法实现简单, 具有较好的不可见性。与其他算法相比, 该算法具有更好的鲁棒性能。     

双正交提升小波和奇异值分解的彩色水印算法研究

在现有彩色图像水印提取技术基础上, 提出一种结合9/7双正交提升小波和图像矩阵奇异值分解的彩色图像水印加密算法。首先将彩色原始图像和彩色水印图像R、G、B分离, 将图像相应分量进行提升小波三级分解得到低频部分, 并将该低频信息进行奇异值分解, 把水印信息视做扰动矩阵按一定的量加在低频信息的对角阵上, 其中彩色水印图像预处理结合了骑士巡游变换和Arnold置乱算法。实验结果表明算法在确保水印不可见性的基础上有效地增强了水印的强度和鲁棒性, 实现了水印图像的盲检验。     

Adaptive singular value decomposition in wavelet domain for image denoising

Image denoising is an important issue in image preprocessing. Two popular methods to the problem are singular value decomposition (SVD) and wavelet transform. Various denoising algorithms based on these two methods have been independently developed. This paper proposes an approach for image denoising by performing SVD filtering in detail subbands of wavelet domain, where SVD filtering is adaptive to the inhomogeneous nature of natural images. Comparisons were made with respect to both SVD-based filtering methods and wavelet transform-based methods.     

基于多维标度和奇异值分解的视频水印算法

针对于网络中的视频资源的知识产权问题,提出一种基于多维标度(MDS)和奇异值分解( SVD)的视频水印算法。该方法首先利用MDS把原始视频各帧投影到二维平面上,然后利用SVD的方法把水印信息嵌入到视频帧与其在二维平面上投影点之间的差值上。实验证明,该算法对随机噪声干扰和诸如旋转、平移、裁剪等空间同步失真的攻击有较强的鲁棒性;另外,该算法对帧丢弃、帧插入等时间同步失真也具有一定程度的鲁棒性。     

A semi-blind digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition

This paper presents a robust watermarking approach for hiding grayscale watermarks into digital images. Plugging the codebook concept into the singular value decomposition (SVD), the proposed method embeds the singular values (SVs) of the original image into the watermark one to attain the lossless objective. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme guarantees the extracted watermark on an average and the worst PSNR values of 24.91 and 19.96 dB, respectively. In addition to the guarantee of the quality of extracted watermark image, the security of the referenced watermark is further strengthened by applying chaos permutation on it in advance. The proposed scheme leads to satisfactory robustness to various attacks and is compared to other well-known grayscale watermarking methods to reveal its efficiency for practical applications.     

基于四元数模型和奇异值分解的图像水印算法

将四元数离散余弦变换（QDCT）和奇异值分解（SVD）相结合,提出了一种在彩色图像中嵌入水印的新方法。首先,借助Arnold置乱对二值水印进行预处理,应用四元数理论将彩色图像进行分块QDCT和SVD;然后,利用Logistic映射随机抽取一批图像块实现水印的嵌入。实验表明,该方法具有较强的抗JPEG压缩能力,对各种噪声和滤波等具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Attack on a semi-blind watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition

In this paper, we show that a recently proposed robust watermarking scheme by Shieh et al. does not bind a cover image to a watermark, therefore cannot be used for proof of ownership applications. The problem lies in the use of singular value decomposition (SVD) for this binding.     

一种基于小波变换的音频脆弱水印算法

数字音频水印算法是水印技术中重要的组成部分,而近年来对音频水印的研究远远少于图像水印,脆弱水印的研究则更加少。提出了一种基于小波变换的音频脆弱水印算法,在音频信号的小波变换域嵌入二值图像水印,采用量化嵌入方法,实现了盲提取。仿真实验结果表明,此算法具有较好的不可闻性、敏感性和安全性。     

A new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

In this paper, a new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme that can be used for copyright protection is proposed. The scheme uses the integer wavelet transform (IWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). The grey image watermark pixels values are embedded directly into the singular values of the 1-level IWT decomposed sub-bands. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of robustness, imperceptibility and capacity due to the IWT and SVD properties. A challenge due to the false positive problem which may be faced by most of SVD-based watermarking schemes has been solved in this work by adopting a digital signature into the watermarked image. The proposed digital signature mechanism is applied to generate and embed a digital signature after embedding the watermarks; the ownership is then authenticated before extracting watermarks. Thus, the proposed scheme achieved the security issue where the false positive problem is solved, in addition to that, the scheme is considered as a blind scheme. A computer simulation is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme and its robustness against various types of attacks and to compare it with some previous schemes. Furthermore, the statistical Wilcoxon signed rank test is employed to certify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

两种基于奇异值分解的图像水印算法的比较研究

奇异值分解在图像水印算法中有着广泛的应用,但是也存在高虚警率的缺陷。讨论分析了空域和变换域中经典的奇异值分解水印算法和最近报道的基于主成分的改进算法。通过实验验证了改进算法的有效性。