多时相遥感影像变化检测算法研究

本文首次将非下采样Contourlet变换和上下截集模糊Kohonen聚类网络相结合,提出了一种无监督的多时相遥感影像变化检测算法。该算法采用非下采样Contourlet变换提取与对数比图像中的每个像素相对应的多尺度和多方向纹理,并采用上下截集模糊Kohonen聚类网络将这些多尺度和多方向纹理分为变化类与未变化类两类,最终得到变化检测图像。实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,对于高斯和斑点噪声,该算法具有更高的抗噪性能和检测精确度。     

一种新的无监督的卫星影像变化检测算法

提出了一种基于主分量分析(PCA)和上下截集模糊Kohonen聚类网络(UDSFKCN)的、无监督的、不同时相的和卫星影像的像素级变化检测新算法.将PCA和UDSFKCN两种方法结合,并将它应用于不同时相的卫星影像的变化检测.该方法结合每个像素的邻域信息,利用PCA,产生每个像素对应的基于邻域信息的特征向量;又将变化区...     

Automatic analysis of the difference image for unsupervised changedetection

One of the main problems related to unsupervised change detection methods based on the “difference image” lies in the lack of efficient automatic techniques for discriminating between changed and unchanged pixels in the difference image. Such discrimination is usually performed by using empirical strategies or manual trial-and-error procedures, which affect both the accuracy and the reliability of the change-detection process. To overcome such drawbacks, in this paper, the authors propose two automatic techniques (based on the Bayes theory) for the analysis of the difference image. One allows an automatic selection of the decision threshold that minimizes the overall change detection error probability under the assumption that pixels in the difference image are independent of one another. The other analyzes the difference image by considering the spatial-contextual information included in the neighborhood of each pixel. In particular, an approach based on Markov Random Fields (MRFs) that exploits interpixel class dependency contexts is presented. Both proposed techniques require the knowledge of the statistical distributions of the changed and unchanged pixels in the difference image. To perform an unsupervised estimation of the statistical terms that characterize these distributions, they propose an iterative method based on the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of both proposed techniques     

An adaptive semiparametric and context-based approach tounsupervised change detection in multitemporal remote-sensingimages

A novel automatic approach to the unsupervised identification of changes in multitemporal remote-sensing images is proposed. This approach, unlike classical ones, is based on the formulation of the unsupervised change-detection problem in terms of the Bayesian decision theory. In this context, an adaptive semiparametric technique for the unsupervised estimation of the statistical terms associated with the gray levels of changed and unchanged pixels in a difference image is presented. Such a technique exploits the effectivenesses of two theoretically well-founded estimation procedures: the reduced Parzen estimate (RPE) procedure and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Then, thanks to the resulting estimates and to a Markov random field (MRF) approach used to model the spatial-contextual information contained in the multitemporal images considered, a change detection map is generated. The adaptive semiparametric nature of the proposed technique allows its application to different kinds of remote-sensing images. Experimental results, obtained on two sets of multitemporal remote-sensing images acquired by two different sensors, confirm the validity of the proposed approach.     

A Context-Sensitive Technique for Unsupervised Change Detection Based on Hopfield-Type Neural Networks

In this paper, we propose a context-sensitive technique for unsupervised change detection in multitemporal remote sensing images. This technique is based on a modified Hopfield neural network architecture designed to model spatial correlation between neighboring pixels of the difference image produced by comparing images acquired on the same area at different times. Each spatial position in the considered scene is represented by a neuron in the Hopfield network that is connected only to its neighboring units. These connections model the spatial correlation between neighboring pixels and are associated with a context-sensitive energy function that represents the overall status of the network. Change detection maps are obtained by iteratively updating the output status of the neurons until a minimum of the energy function is reached and the network assumes a stable state. A simple heuristic thresholding procedure is presented and adopted for initializing the network. The proposed change detection technique is unsupervised and distribution free. Experimental results carried out on two multispectral and multitemporal remote sensing images confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique     

基于ICA和FCM的多时相SAR图像变化检测

针对多时相合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像提出了一种非监督的变化检测方法,首先利用独立成分分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)抑制相干斑噪声和减少混合像元,提高图像的分类性能.然后对独立分量图像构造差值图像进行非监督的变化检测,最后采用加入空间邻域信息的模糊C-均值聚类(Fuzzy C-Means)方法把差异图像分为变化类和非变化类,以此克服需要选择统计模型的影响.实验结果证实了该算法能有效抑制了变化检测中的虚警.     

A Novel Approach to Unsupervised Change Detection Based on a Semisupervised SVM and a Similarity Measure

This paper presents a novel approach to unsupervised change detection in multispectral remote-sensing images. The proposed approach aims at extracting the change information by jointly analyzing the spectral channels of multitemporal images in the original feature space without any training data. This is accomplished by using a selective Bayesian thresholding for deriving a pseudotraining set that is necessary for initializing an adequately defined binary semisupervised support vector machine classifier. Starting from these initial seeds, the performs change detection in the original multitemporal feature space by gradually considering unlabeled patterns in the definition of the decision boundary between changed and unchanged pixels according to a semisupervised learning algorithm. This algorithm models the full complexity of the change-detection problem, which is only partially represented from the seed pixels included in the pseudotraining set. The values of the classifier parameters are then defined according to a novel unsupervised model-selection technique based on a similarity measure between change-detection maps obtained with different settings. Experimental results obtained on different multispectral remote-sensing images confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于分割窗的无监督多通道遥感图像变化检测

在遥感图像中,当变化区域的面积比例相对较大或较小时,一般的变化检测方法并不能准确地检测出变化信息。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于分割窗的无监督多通道遥感图像变化检测方法。该方法将差异图像分割成子图像,通过求子图像的局部阈值来确定差异图像的整体阈值。实验结果表明,该方法能较好地解决变化区域相对较大或较小时一般变化检测方法无法进行准确的变化检测的问题,相对于一般变化检测的方法,检测精确度明显提高。     

卫星影像在热红外场景仿真中的应用

针对早期热红外场景模拟基于机载热像仪图像或随机产生场景的情况,提出针对高分辨率卫星图像进行热红外场景模拟的方法。基于高分辨率卫星图像,采用ISODATA法进行非监督分类,得到土地分类专题图,通过地物光谱数据库获得场景地物温度及发射率,以及大气辐射传输软件MODTRAN对其进行大气修正,从而获得地面场景辐亮度图像。场景仿真结果表明：利用高分辨率卫星图像进行热红外场景模拟是一种全新而有益的尝试,对伪装效果检验等相关研究工作具有一定的参考价值。     

基于可见光光谱图像的红外多光谱图像仿真生成

阐述了红外多光谱图像仿真技术的意义和原理,研究了一种红外多光谱图像的仿真生成方法.提出了一种基于可见光/近红外波段多光谱、超光谱图像数据的地面场景建模方法,以及无监督分类方法和有监督分类方法相结合的地物像元分类、匹配、标记的策略,可以高效地解决像元地物自动匹配标记的问题.利用RGB彩色图像验证了这一方法,在将图像分割后为每类像元赋予相应的红外发射率数值,生成了4个红外波段的多光谱仿真图像,验证了该方法的可行性,指出了多光谱、超光谱图像数据在仿真应用中的各自特点.从仿真结果可以看出:不同波段图像中目标和背景之间呈现不同的特征.该方法可以生成空间形貌和辐射特征接近真实环境的红外多光谱仿真图像,对长波红外波段的多光谱成像探测仪器的研制和目标、背景光谱特征分析与探测算法的研究具有一定意义.     

基于快速EM算法和模糊融合的多波段遥感影像变化检测

提出了一种基于快速EM(expectation maximization)算法和模糊融合的多波段遥感影像无监督变化检测方法.该方法首先对各波段差异影像采用基于直方图分析的快速EM迭代算法获取变化分类阈值和变化信息,随后对各波段的变化信息进行模糊融合和判决,生成最终的变化检测图.利用真实的多波段遥感影像进行了实验,本文方法在运行时间和检测效果两个方面都具有优越性.     

Detecting scene changes using synthetic aperture Radar interferometry

In repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), man-made scene disturbances are commonly detected by identifying changes in the mean backscatter power of the scene or by identifying regions of low coherence. Change statistics such as the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and the sample coherence, however, are susceptible to high false-alarm rates unless the change in the mean backscatter power is large or there is sufficient contrast in scene coherence between the changed and unchanged regions of the image pair. Furthermore, as the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and sample coherence measure different properties of a SAR image pair, both change statistics need to be considered to properly characterize scene changes. In this paper, models describing the changed and unchanged regions of a scene are postulated, and the detection problem is expressed in a Bayesian hypothesis-testing framework. Forming the log-likelihood ratio gives a single sufficient statistic, encoding changes in both the coherence and the mean backscatter power, for discriminating between the unchanged- and changed-scene models. The theoretical detection performance of the change statistic is derived and shows a significant improvement over both the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and sample coherence change statistics. Finally, the superior detection performance of the log-likelihood change statistic is demonstrated using experimental data collected using the Defence Science and Technology Organisation's Ingara X-band airborne SAR.     

卫星观测火箭尾喷焰红外动态场景生成研究

建立了一种星载吸收波段红外传感器连续观测助推段火箭飞行的场景生成模型。提出了一种基于神经网络生成MODIS数据中第22、23波段高分辨率地表发射率图像的方法,生成了分辨率达到百米量级的地表发射率图像,并利用谱段关联计算了4.18~4.5 μm的地表光谱发射率;同时采用Runge-Kutta法生成火箭助推段的飞行轨迹,利用LOS方法计算尾喷焰气体的辐射传输,生成火箭尾喷焰图像。建立了尾喷焰、地表点和传感器的几何关系,对尾喷焰和背景投影成像,合成了卫星观测火箭尾喷焰的动态场景。对辐亮度图像序列进行分析发现,地面背景的辐亮度得到了压制,同时结合轨迹数据对不同时刻的目标辐亮度对比度和所占像元数进行了分析。此外,分析了不同场景下尾喷焰总辐射强度曲线的差异。结果表明,场景生成方法准确可靠,可为基于卫星图像序列的目标检测跟踪等研究提供数据基础和目标特性支撑。     

非合作区域星载遥感图像的车辆目标检测

针对非合作区域遥感图像中复杂背景下车辆目标检 测困难的问题, 提出一种改进形态学重建的车辆目标检测方法。首先,利用遥感图像的近红外和红色波段的 信息,获取场 景的归一化植被指数(NDVI),去除植被背景的干扰;其次,设计方向模板, 对全色图像进行滤波,使人 造物背景得以完整保留,并生成标记图像,利用标记图像重建得到人造物背景;最后,利用 原图和重建背 景之间的差异,进行车辆检测,有效消除了复杂背景的干扰。将本文提出的方法应用于实际 遥感图像的车 辆目标检测,结果表明,检测效果好,鲁棒性强,无需先验信息,可用于大幅面遥感 图像的车辆目标自动提取。     

Change detection in synthetic aperture radar images based on image fusion and fuzzy clustering

This paper presents an unsupervised distribution-free change detection approach for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images based on an image fusion strategy and a novel fuzzy clustering algorithm. The image fusion technique is introduced to generate a difference image by using complementary information from a mean-ratio image and a log-ratio image. In order to restrain the background information and enhance the information of changed regions in the fused difference image, wavelet fusion rules based on an average operator and minimum local area energy are chosen to fuse the wavelet coefficients for a low-frequency band and a high-frequency band, respectively. A reformulated fuzzy local-information C-means clustering algorithm is proposed for classifying changed and unchanged regions in the fused difference image. It incorporates the information about spatial context in a novel fuzzy way for the purpose of enhancing the changed information and of reducing the effect of speckle noise. Experiments on real SAR images show that the image fusion strategy integrates the advantages of the log-ratio operator and the mean-ratio operator and gains a better performance. The change detection results obtained by the improved fuzzy clustering algorithm exhibited lower error than its preexistences.     

基于视觉注意机制的UWB SAR叶簇隐蔽目标变化检测

在超宽带合成孔径雷达叶簇隐蔽目标检测中,传统的UWB SAR图像变化检测方法易受图像灰度值起伏和成像条件变化的影响,致使现有的变化检测算法的性能下降.本文根据人类视觉系统的生理结构和认知特点,提出了一种基于视觉注意机制的叶簇隐蔽目标变化检测算法.该方法使用视觉注意模型,将图像的多尺度特征信息融合为单幅视觉显著图像,并利用图像局部邻域信息和目标的空间相关特性对视觉显著图中视觉注意焦点进行分层筛选和变化检测.实验结果表明:本文中基于视觉注意机制的变化检测方法可以有效检测多时相UWB SAR图像中的叶簇隐蔽目标,较之传统的基于统计原理的变化检测方法,其检测速度更快,且对场景复杂的UWB SAR图像亦具有鲁棒性.     

多通道SAR图像滤波的向量总变分模型

提出了一种无监督SAR图像变化检测算法,利用数据聚类思想,通过进化算法寻找最小均方误差,得到变化检测结果.在原有Memetic算法基础上,针对图像自身特点,提出全新的搜索策略并根据当前检测结果动态调整局部搜索算法,实现了粗细结合的搜索过程.算法不受分布模型限制,不需要先验知识,适用性较强.将改进的算法与GA、ICSA及原MA进行比较,实验证明,该算法可以快速收敛.对真实SAR图像进行检测,可以得到较好的检测结果.     

基于Memetic算法的SAR图像变化检测

提出了一种无监督SAR图像变化检测算法,利用数据聚类思想,通过进化算法寻找最小均方误差,得到变化检测结果.在原有Memetic算法基础上,针对图像自身特点,提出全新的搜索策略并根据当前检测结果动态调整局部搜索算法,实现了粗细结合的搜索过程.算法不受分布模型限制,不需要先验知识,适用性较强.将改进的算法与GA、ICSA及原MA进行比较,实验证明,该算法可以快速收敛.对真实SAR图像进行检测,可以得到较好的检测结果.     

利用多尺度融合的SAR图像变化检测方法

为充分利用图像的细节信息,提高变化检测算法的鲁棒性和稳健性,本文融合了多个尺度间的特征,提出了一种自适应SAR图像变化检测方法。首先采用小波函数对对数比差异图进行多尺度分解,而后采用独立重构的方式,得到不同尺度下的重构图像。接着采用均值循环迭代分割算法,以甄别变化区域与未变化区域。最后将不同尺度下的判别结果,采用马尔科夫随机场融合的方式,来获取最终的变化二值图。通过对不同尺度下的图像进行融合,该方法不仅有效地利用了尺度信息,而且对边缘的检测更加细致。实验结果表明该算法能够有效地提高SAR图像变化检测的精度和鲁棒性。