基于约束满足的炼钢批量计划的制定方法

将炼钢批量计划问题转化为一个约束满足问题处理,建立问题的约束满足模型,给出了基于约束满足的求解算法。仿真实验证明了模型和算法是有效的。     

二元约束满足问题求解的结点开销模型

提出了在二元约束满足问题中以搜索结点个数为衡量标准的求解开销模型,该模型被应用于随机二元约束满足问题的求解开销相变分析中,并且比较了模型所导出的理论开销和实际中的搜索结点个数、约束检查次数、求解时间3种衡量标准的开销之间的相似性.在模型的基础上，探讨了求解启发式减少求解开销的作用，给出了一个新的变量选择启发式.     

带有通配符和长度约束的模式匹配问题求解模型

讨论了带有通配符和长度约束的模式匹配(PMWL)问题,其中模式由子模式序列集组成,两个相邻子模式的间隔在一定长度范围内。针对PMWL问题,已有工作包括设计启发式求解算法和对特殊情况进行完备性分析,然而还需要构建问题的基础求解模型。借鉴约束可满足问题框架,构建了由变量、值域和约束组成的三元组求解模型,对PMWL问题的基本概念和基本性质给出了形式化描述。最后,给出了算法求解PMWL问题的特定条件下的完备解。     

有约束无模型控制

研究了有约束无模型控制问题,首先对一般的MISO无模型控制(NMC)给出了一个简单合理的收敛性条件.由于实际应用中完全无约束的控制系统并不存在,为此考虑输入输出有上下界约束的无模型控制问题(NMCC).通过无模型控制方法中的泛模型,将对输出的约束转化为对输入的约束,进一步分析了有约束无模型控制问题的可行条件,并在不可行时给出了对软约束的调整方法,进而得出求解这种约束问题的一般算法.最后给出了一个仿真算例说明了方法的有效性,并在一定条件下给出了约束问题的收敛性证明.     

基于UML与CCSP的产品配置方法

为了有效开发易维护可重用的产品配置模型以及实现配置问题的快速求解,提出了结合面向对象建模技术与条件约束满足问题理论的产品配置方法。给出了条件约束满足问题理论模型;提出了基于统一建模语言和条件约束满足问题的产品配置建模与求解方法;通过定义统一建模语言表示的产品配置概念模型与条件约束满足问题之间的映射规则集,建立了基于条件约束满足问题的产品配置模型。以某可配置医用监测器为应用实例,阐述了所提方法应用于配置模型构建与求解的可行性和有效性。     

约束可满足性中求解RB模型实例的算法综述

约束满足问题是人工智能领域中最基本的NP完全问题之一。多年来,随着约束满足问题的深入研究,国内外学者提出多种实例模型。其中,RB模型是一种能生成具有精确相变的增长域约束满足问题实例,其求解难度极具挑战性。为了寻找其求解的新型高效算法,促进约束可满足问题的RB模型求解算法领域的研究,首先从约束满足问题的模型发展、求解技术进行分析;其次,对各类求解RB模型实例算法进行梳理,将求解的算法文献划分为回溯启发式类、信息传播类和元启发式类相关改进算法,从算法原理、改进策略、收敛性和精确度等方面进行对比综述;最后给出求解RB模型实例算法的研究趋势和发展方向。     

基于极大熵牛顿法求解绝对值方程

针对绝对值方程Ax-|x|=b的求解问题,在假设矩阵A的奇异值大于1时,给出了求解绝对值方程的一个新方法。通过引入一种极大熵函数将绝对值方程进行光滑化处理,进而把绝对值方程转换为光滑非线性方程组,然后利用极大熵牛顿法对其进行求解。数值实验结果表明了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

半在线调度中约束求解算法研究

很多实际调度问题是半在线的. 尝试运用人工智能方法来求解半在线调度问题, 首先简要介绍了半在线调度问题并对其约束模型进行了分类, 通过引入单调性约束扩展的相关概念, 从约束建模角度形式化描述 了一类动态约束扩展, 并在此基础上设计了一个完备动态约束求解算法, 最后给出该算法在半在线离散资源约束调度求解的应用算例. 测试结果表明, 该算法是可行有效的.     

一类含有随机和模糊参数的规划模型

提出一类模糊机会约束的随机期望值规划模型,该模型同时含有随机和模糊参数.对改进的“报童问题”进行的分析,说明了模型的合理性.运用随机模拟与模糊模拟相结合的技术,给出了求解该规划模型的遗传算法.并对改进的“报童问题”进行了数值求解,同时给出了其它数值例子,进一步说明了所给出模型的适用性和有效性.     

含有模糊和随机参数的混合机会约束规划模型

提出一类混合机会约束规划模型，该模型同时含有模糊和随机参数，运用随机模拟与模糊模拟相结合的技术，给出了求解该机会约束规划模型的遗传算法，通过对生产过程最优化决策的典型问题进行分析建模和数值求解，说明了该模型和算法的合理性和有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.