净化沼气池处理公厕污水的研究

采用净化沼气池处理公厕污水(10 m~3/d),设计池容44.3 m~3,水力停留时间(HRT)4天,容积负荷0.25～0.40 m~3/(m~3.d)。经过3个月的启动,系统稳定运行,2年的监测结果表明,净化沼气池能削减大部分有机污染物、寄生虫卵和病原菌。COD去除87％,BOD5去除66％左右,寄生虫卵沉降91.3％,大肠菌群去除99％。污染物主要在沉淀发酵池去除。净化沼气池容积产气率0.05～0.15 m~3/(m~3.d),沼气产量2～6 m~3/d左右。与污水集中处理厂相比,净化沼气池在运行费用、运行管理、占地、能耗方面具有优势,而在处理效果、投资方面不及污水集中处理厂。     

生活污水净化沼气池高水位施工方法研究

本文根据近年来的施工实践与研究,对解决高地下水位生活污水净化沼气施工的常规沉井排水法,简易井点排水法,底层连通排水法的玉要工艺流程或施工方法分别作了简要阐述。     

温州市生活污水净化沼气池技术与推广

介绍了浙江省温州市生活污水净化沼气池的技术特点,工艺流程,技术参数,效果分析及技术推广过程中应该做的工作。     

城镇生活污水净化沼气池后处理池的设计

随着城乡经济的发展和人民生活质量的提高，厌氧消化技术已经成为城镇生活污水分散净化处理的有效途径，并以其高效的功能和广泛的适应性，获得了规划、环保、防疫部门的欢迎和重视。目前，各地用厌氧消化技术处理城镇生活污水的工程正在蓬勃兴起。但由于该项技术起步晚、时间短，其中有些具体技术还有待于研究和提高，尤其是后处理池的工艺流程和技术设计，如何做到结构合理、效果好、使用方便、造价低测是我们研究的重点。现就我们几年来的研究结果简述如下。l净化沼气池的Xi艺流程与参数工艺流程：预处理他～厌氧发酵池（I）一厌氧发酵…     

综合式净化沼气池处理生活污水的研究

城镇生活污水净化沼气池又称净化池。它将生物厌氧消化技术与好氧处理相结合，是集生物、化学、物理处理于一体的工艺装置，主要由预处理、厌氧发酵、兼氧发酵及后处理好氧过滤等四部分组成。针对我省水质变差，环境污染严重，污水、废水排放乱的情况，我们积极吸取兄弟省的经验，因地制宜进行探索和实践，根据我省地下水位高、地质承载力差等水文地质条件，研究和推广了综合式处理生活（生产）污水、废水的净化沼气池。实践证明综合式污水净化沼气池不仅技术先进，工艺流程合理，投资省，处理效果好，而且取得了显著的环保、社会和经济效益…     

有关生活污水净化沼气池的水质检测

为了评价生活污水净化沼气池对污水净化效益的高低，需对污水测定内容，项目检测合理性及准确性作出阐述，以示推广的社会效益．     

生活污水净化沼气池高水位施工方法

根据近年来的施工实践与研究,对解决高地下水位生活污水净化沼气池施工的常规沉井排水法、简易井点排水法、底层连通排水法的主要工艺流程或施工方法分别作了简要阐述。     

淮安市生活污水净化沼气池技术应用效益分析

从对生活污水处理效果、资金投入等方面的计算，比较了建设净化沼气池、普通化粪池与污水处理厂集中处理3种方法的优劣，介绍了淮安市生活污水净化沼气池推广应用情况，重点对淮安市净化沼气池推广效益进行了分析。     

扬中市生活污水无害化处理情况调查

对扬中市历年来所建的净化池进行调查,研究,提出相应的推广措施和几点推广建议。     

台州市净化沼气池的建设现状及发展对策

随着经济的发展,许多城镇出现了粪便清运难,粪便污水已成为城镇环境水质的主要污染源之一。处理生活污水,改善环境卫生,保护水质,是城镇建设中必须解决的一个突出问题。 净化沼气池是一种以环保为主,环保与能源结合的小型污水处理系统。多年的推广实践表明,它是分散处理城镇生活污水的有效途径,也是处理分散居住者生活污水的良好方法。现就我市净化沼气池的建设现状、存在问题和发展对策,谈一些看法。     

Biogas purification from anaerobic digestion in a wastewater treatment plant for biofuel production

The main objective of this investigation consists in the biogas purification coming from the anaerobic digestion of sludges in a wastewater treatment plant, in order to be used later as biofuel for vehicles. This article consists of the optimization of the biogas desulphurization. In our case, this process was achieved in a chemical way. Besides the scrubbing towers, the pilot plant used included filters of activated carbon at the end of the line. The H₂S inflow concentrations were quite high. The effluent biogas from the scrubbing towers presented an H₂S concentration less than 1 ppm and zero or undetectable values were obtained for up to 58 analyzed trace elements.     

From piggery wastewater nutrients to biogas: Microalgae biomass revalorization through anaerobic digestion

Microalgae grown in swine wastewater were used as a promising strategy to produce renewable energy by coupling wastewater bioremediation and biomass revalorization. The efficiency of a microalgae consortium treating swine slurry at different temperature (15 and 23 °C) and illumination periods (11 and 14 h) was assessed for biomass growth and nutrient removal at two NH₄⁺ initial concentrations (80 and 250 mg L⁻¹ NH₄⁺). Favourable culture conditions (23 °C and 14 h of illumination) and high ammonium loads resulted in higher biomass production and greater nutrients removal rates. The initial N–NH₄⁺ load determined the removal mechanism, thus ammonia stripping and nitrogen uptake accounted similarly in the case of high NH₄⁺ load, while nitrogen uptake prevailed at low NH₄⁺ load. Under favourable conditions, nitrogen availability in the media determined the composition of the biomass. In this context, carbohydrate-rich biomass was obtained in batch mode while semi-continuous operation resulted in protein-rich biomass. The revalorization of the resultant biomass was evaluated for biogas production. Methane yields in the range of 106–146 and 171 ml CH₄ g COD⁻¹ were obtained for the biomasses grown in batch and semi-continuous mode, respectively. Biomass grown under favourable conditions resulted in higher methane yields and closer to the theoretically achievable.     

厌氧消化过程氨抑制研究进展

随着厌氧消化理论研究的不断深入,厌氧消化工艺的研发和应用取得了迅速的发展,但处理效率低和!运行稳定性差是厌氧消化中普遍存在的问题,其中氨积累引发氨抑制是主要原因之一。文章简述了厌氧消化过程中氨抑制产生的机理及氨抑制的主要影响因素,介绍了氨抑制过程中微生物变化规律研究现状,总结了消除和缓解氨抑制的方法,并提出了厌氧消化氨抑制的重点研究方向。     

常温下厌氧消化技术处理柑橘皮渣的研究

以新鲜榨汁柑橘渣添加30%猪粪为原料,室温下进行批次厌氧发酵,周期30 d。结果表明,平均室温20℃时,6%投料浓度可正常启动发酵。发酵温度的变化对日产气量有显著的影响,18℃以上方能产气,稳定、较高的温度有利于发酵的顺利进行。物料TS、VS产气潜力分别为44.45、51.06 mL·g^-1,每天的池容产气率为0.088 mL·mL^-1,CH4含量约58.7%。TS、VS利用率分别为20.70%、13.79%,COD去除率41.50%。     

A review of simple to scientific models for anaerobic digestion

To fully model the anaerobic digestion process, biological and physico-chemical background, the kinetics of bacterial growth, substrate degradation and product formation have to be taken into account. The presented approaches differ depending on the requirements and the developer of the model. Important parameters affecting the process such as temperature, which can cause great inaccuracy, are rarely included in the models. Simple calculators are also available that estimate the applicability of the process to a specific farm and provide information to a farmer or a decision maker. Six simple calculators are presented in this study: AD decision support software, Anaerobic Digestion Economic Assessment Tool, BEAT₂, BioGC, FarmWare and GasTheo. The simpler calculators mainly use the relation that exists between volatile solids and biogas production. A tested case of 100 dairy cows and 50 sows was applied to the simple calculators to compare the results.     

近中温厌氧发酵工艺在畜禽养殖场废水治理中的应用

指出了畜禽养殖场废水危害的严重性与治理的必要性,分析了常见的畜禽养殖场废水处理工艺的特点,认为利用发酵过程中产生的沼气加热废水进行近中温发酵是一种比较理想的处理工艺,具有研究开发和推广的现实意义。     

我国城市生活垃圾厌氧消化处理的探讨

分析了我国城市生活垃圾处理现状及存在问题,探讨了以厌氧消化技术为主的城市生活垃圾处理方式,为解决我国的城市生活垃圾问题提供参考。     

餐厨垃圾特性及其厌氧消化性能研究

以校园餐厨垃圾为原料,分析测定了早餐、午餐和晚餐餐厨垃圾的总固体(TS)、挥发性固体(VS)、碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪含量以及无机盐离子浓度,并通过批式厌氧发酵试验对3种餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,早餐餐厨垃圾特性与午餐/晚餐餐厨垃圾差异较大,Na+,Ca2+和Cl-含量高于后两者。餐厨垃圾不同特性对其厌氧消化产气及有机物去除率都有一定影响,早餐、午餐和晚餐餐厨垃圾的累积甲烷产量分别为212.2,331.6和362.4 ml/g,早餐餐厨垃圾产气量比午餐和晚餐餐厨垃圾分别低36%和41.4%,其中Cl-含量高可能是造成其产气量低的主要原因。     

Biohydrogen generation from anaerobic digestion of food waste

Biohydrogen generated from the anaerobic digestion of a synthetic food waste with constant composition and a real food waste collected in Hong Kong were studied. This study aims at using a monoculture to increase biohydrogen production and determining optimum conditions for maximum biohydrogen production. Among the nine bacteria screened for biohydrogen production, Escherichia cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes produced the largest amount of biohydrogen from the anaerobic digestion of synthetic food waste. The optimum anaerobic digestion conditions were determined: initial pH of 7, a water to solids ratio of 5 (w/w), a mesophilic temperature (37 ± 1 °C), and in the presence of 40 mg/L FeSO₄·7H₂O. Anaerobic digestion at the optimum operating conditions using collected food waste with E. cloacae as the bacterial source was also performed. By adjusting the pH in the range of 5–6, a specific biohydrogen production of 155.2 mL/g of volatile solids (VS) in food waste was obtained.