Small modified monopole antenna for UWB application

In this paper, we present a novel modified printed monopole antenna (PMA) for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The proposed antenna consists of a truncated ground plane and radiating patch with two tapered steps, which provides wideband behaviour and relatively good matching. Moreover, the effects of a modified trapezoid-shaped slot inserted in the radiating patch, on the impedance matching and radiation behaviour is investigated. The antenna has a small area of 14 x 20 mm² and offers an impedance bandwidth as high as 100% at a centre frequency of 7.45 GHz for S₁₁ < -10 dB, which has a frequency bandwidth increment of 18% with respect to the previous similar antenna. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that it exhibits good radiation behaviour within the UWB frequency range.     

Metamaterial-Based Compact Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for 5G and Beyond

In this paper, a unit cell of a single-negative metamaterial structure loaded with a meander line and defected ground structure (DGS) is investigated as the principle radiating element of an antenna. The unit cell antenna causes even or odd mode resonances similar to the unit cell structure depending on the orientation of the microstrip feed used to excite the unit cell. However, the orientation which gives low-frequency resonance is considered here. The unit cell antenna is then loaded with a meander line which is parallel to the split bearing side and connects the other two sides orthogonal to the split bearing side. This modified structure excites another mode of resonance at high frequency when a meander line defect is loaded on the metallic ground plane. Specific parameters of the meander line structure, the DGS shape, and the unit cell are optimized to place these two resonances at different frequencies with proper frequency intervals to enhance the bandwidth. Finally, the feed is placed in an offset position for better impedance matching without affecting the bandwidth The compact dimension of the antenna is 0.25 λL × 0.23 λL × 0.02 λL, where λL is the free space wavelength with respect to the center frequency of the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. Experimental results reveal that the modified design gives monopole like radiation patterns which achieves a fractional operating bandwidth of 26.6%, from 3.26 to 4.26 GHz for |S11|<−10 dB and a pick gain of 1.26 dBi is realized. In addition, the simulated and measured cross-polarization levels are both less than −15 dB in the horizontal plane.     

Comparison of bandwidths of mushroom-type electromagnetic bandgap surfaces and corrugated and strip-type soft surfaces when used as narrow ground planes

The authors compare different types of corrugated and strip-loaded soft surfaces and mushroom-type electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) surfaces in terms of the bandwidth of a system-related performance parameter, when they are used as narrow ground planes to reduce back radiation. To this aim an incremental electrical source on an infinitely long ground plane of finite width is analysed. The strip-loaded soft surfaces are improved with periodic via holes (like in mushroom-type EBGs) behaving as conducting walls and making the strips appear as tilted horizontal corrugations. The via period as well as their locations either in the centre or at the edge of each strip are investigated. This is also done for mushroom-type EBGs. The results show that the surfaces with the largest bandgap do not necessarily have the largest bandwidth. Still, the size of the bandgap seems to be an upper limit for the bandwidth. The results show that corrugations have better performance (in terms of bandwidth and lower level of back radiation) than both strip-loaded and mushroom-type EBG surfaces, and that wide ground planes behave better than narrow ones. In addition, strips with vias are seen to have similar performance as mushrooms with via holes for TM case with respect to the surface normal, that is, transverse polarisation relative to length axis of ground plane, whereas the strip version has larger bandwidth than the mushrooms for TE case, that is longitudinal polarisation.     

Internal triple-band folded planar antenna design for third generation mobile handsets

A novel internal triple-band folded planar antenna for mobile handsets is introduced, formed by modifying the geometry of a rectangular patch antenna to include a shorting pin, folded sides, a shorted microstrip stub and a notch. The size of the antenna is successfully reduced to a volume of 34 times 34 times 7 times mm³. The antenna is mounted on a finite ground plane of 50times100 times mm². The impedance bandwidth achieved was 29.7% (equivalent to return loss%%10%dB); this covers the DCS1800, PCS1900 and UMTS 2000 bands. The characteristics of the proposed antenna, including impedance bandwidth and far field radiation patterns are discussed theoretically and experimentally; the simulated and measured results show good agreement. The tuning effects of the geometry parameters on impedance matching of the proposed antenna are also investigated.     

Compact wideband Koch fractal printed slot antenna

A compact wideband printed slot antenna, suitable for wireless local area network (WLAN) and satisfying the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications, is proposed here. The antenna is microstrip-fed and its structure is based on Koch fractal geometry where the resonance frequency of a conventional triangular slot antenna is lowered by applying Koch iterations. The antenna size inclusive of the ground plane is compact and has a wide operating bandwidth. The proposed second iteration Koch slot antenna operates from 2.33 to 6.19 GHz covering the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The antenna exhibits omnidirectional radiation coverage with a gain better than 2.0 dBi in the entire operating band. Design equations for the proposed antenna are developed and their validity is confirmed on different substrates and for different slot sizes.     

应用于相干布居囚禁原子钟的低相位噪声微波频率综合器

相干布居囚禁(CPT)原子钟作为微波原子钟的一种类型,由于不需要微波谐振腔即可实现微波探询,可极大降低体积和功耗,从而实现芯片级、低功耗的原子钟。CPT原子钟性能指标的主要限制因素之一是微波综合器的相位噪声,为了提升CPT原子钟的性能,研制了一种应用于CPT原子钟的低相位噪声频率综合器。实验结果表明,频率综合器在200Hz处的绝对相位噪声为108dBc/Hz。微波综合器由于Dick效应对原子钟频率稳定度的限制为8.2×10^-14,可以完全满足CPT原子钟的性能指标要求。此频率综合器也可更广泛地用于其它高性能微波原子精密测量系统以及计量标准器。     

Wideband multilayered microstrip antennas fed by coplanar waveguide-loop with and without via combinations

Coplanar waveguide (CPW)-loop fed wideband multilayered microstrip antennas with and without via combinations are presented. The antenna consists of two dielectric substrates, CPW-loop on the ground plane layer, main patch on the middle layer and four asymmetric parasitic patches on the upper layer. The feed consists of a CPW, a loop on a ground plane and a via between main patch and feeding strip on the ground plane layer. Using via, the gain flatness over the impedance bandwidth and return loss are improved. The proposed antenna with four feeding structures is also studied. The 10 dB return loss bandwidths of the antenna with and without via are 34% (3.12? 4.41 GHz) and 33.7% (3.18 ?4.47 GHz), respectively. The measured gain is >5.0 dBi over the impedance bandwidth.     

Microstrip-fed dual-frequency annular-slot antenna loaded by split-ring-slot

A compact dual-band annular-slot antenna loaded by a concentric split-ring-slot is presented. A stepped microstrip feedline enables the control of the coupling and provides good matching. The annular-slot is connected to the split-ring-slot by a rectangular slot, which increases the surface of the current path, thus notably reducing the resonant frequency for a given size. The embedded split-ring-slot structure allows many resonant modes to be realised. By tuning the key parameters, these operating modes and their bandwidths can be controlled. A wide bandwidth can be realised for either the lower band, upper band or both bands simultaneously, depending on the application. Measured results show that the bandwidths in the region of 45?15% and 32?8.4%, can be provided for the lower and upper bands, respectively. For the case where a wideband response is required for both bands, it is shown that 26 and 32% can be realised. A 30% miniaturisation is also achieved compared with conventional annular ring slot antennas.     

Bandwidth enhancement of stacked dielectric resonator antennas excited by a coaxial probe: an experimental and numerical investigation

An experimental and numerical investigation about bandwidth enhancement of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) using multiple DRAs, arranged according to a 'stacked' configuration is reported. The antenna consists of two cylindrical discs of the dielectrics Cr ^{Fe O (CRFO) and Fe Cu Ti O (FCTO) stacked vertically, placed above a ground plane and excited by a coaxial probe. The lateral edge of the cylinder should be placed against the feed probe, which excites the HEM11d mode. The numerical procedure is performed through a software package based on the finite-element method. An excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results is observed. The concept of increasing the bandwidth of the DRA by stacking is verified. For the first time, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (t ) was also measured for CRFO and FCTO ceramics.}     

Reconfigurable Compact Wideband Circularly Polarised Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wireless Applications

In this work, a novel compact wideband reconfigurable circularly polarised (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is presented. The L-shaped Dielectric resonator antenna is excited by an inverted question mark shaped feed. This arrangement of feed-line helps to generate two orthogonal modes inside the DR, which makes the design circularly polarised. A thin micro-strip line placed on the defected ground plane not only helps to generate a wideband response but also assist in the positioning of the two diode switches. These switches located at the left and right of the micro-strip line helps in performing two switching operations. The novel compact design offers the reconfigurability between 2.9–3.8 GHz which can be used for different important wireless applications. For the switching operation I, the achieved impedance bandwidth is 24% while axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is 42%. For this switching state, the design has 100% CP performance. Similarly, the switching operation II achieves 60% impedance bandwidth and 58.88% ARBW with 76.36% CP performance. The proposed design has a maximum measured gain of 3.4 dBi and 93% radiation efficiency. The proposed design is novel in terms of compactness and performance parameters. The prototype is fabricated for the performance analysis which shows that the simulated and measured results are in close agreement.     

Superconducting Point Defect in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

This paper presents the tunability of the high temperature superconducting (SC) point defect modes in a two-dimensional photonic crystal composed of circular cylinders on a square lattice. By some modifications on the plane wave expansion method, we have shown that the properties of the SC point defect modes strongly depend on the temperature and external magnetic fields. The superconductor type and the nearest-neighbor of the defect effects are further investigated. Comparison between SC and conventional defects show that the SC one has only a monopole profile for different values of the defect size, and has very low sensitivity on the disorders, which is an important feature from a manufacturing point of view.     

低交叉极化高隔离的双极化天线

设计了一种应用于WLAN的具有低交叉极化和高隔离度的双极化天线.天线由3层功能层和2层介质基板间隔层叠而成.3层功能层分别为1个方形辐射贴片,2个带有发夹谐振器的馈电网络和1个刻蚀H形缝隙的接地板.发夹谐振器和辐射贴片构成一个二阶滤波天线用以展宽天线的带宽.通过在接地板上蚀刻H形缝隙降低了天线端口间的耦合电流,改善了天...     

A piezoelectric double-mode filter using the complex-branch-type energy trapping

A piezoelectric double-mode filter using the complex-branch-type energy trapping, that is caused by contributions from the complex branches of dispersion curves is proposed, and its theoretical and experimental results are presented for the width-extensional modes in a thin piezoelectric ceramic strip. Characteristics of the symmetric and antisymmetric trapped-energy modes in this filter have some interesting features different from those of the usual trapped-energy modes, such as noticeable undulations in the resonant frequency spectrum and sinusoidally oscillating decay of displacement in the unelectroded region. Based on these results, double-mode filters with a center frequency of about 1 MHz and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 3% are constructed. The filters of this type are useful in the medium frequency range below several megahertz because of the miniature size and the ease of supporting.     

Compact microstrip band-pass filters based on semi-lumped resonators

A new design approach for compact microstrip band-pass filter based on semi-lumped resonators are proposed. The resonators, which are coupled through quarter wavelength meander lines acting as admittance inverters, are shunt connected to the line. They consist of parallel combination of a grounded (inductive) stub and a narrow metallic strip followed by a capacitive patch to ground. With this topology, the necessary degree of flexibility to design narrow and broad-band-pass filters with compact dimensions and good out-of-band performance was obtained. Another key advantage of the devices, as compared to previous lumped or semi-lumped element- based structures reported by the authors, is the absence of ground plane etching. To illustrate the potentiality of the proposed approach, a third-order (30% fractional bandwidth) and a nineth-order (35% fractional bandwidth) Chebyshev band-pass filters have been designed and fabricated. The measured frequency responses are very symmetric and exhibit low in-band losses as well as good out-of-band rejection up to approximately 3f_o. Filter dimensions are as small as 0.40lambda times 0.12lambda (third-order prototype) and 0.62lambda times 0.16lambda (nineth-order prototype), lambda being the guided wavelength at f_o. With these dimensions and performance, and the possibility to synthesise microstrip filters with controllable bandwidth over a wide margin, it is believed that the reported approach can be of actual interest for the design of planar filters at microwave frequencies.     

穿孔管消声器横截面模态及消声特性的有限元分析

将有限元法应用于计算穿孔管消声器的横截面模态频率,推导了相应的有限元公式并编写了计算程序。对于圆形同轴结构的模态频率,有限元法计算结果与解析法计算结果吻合良好,表明了有限元法预测穿孔管消声器横截面模态的准确性。之后将有限元法应用于计算和分析孔径、穿孔率和穿孔管偏移对直通穿孔管消声器横截面模态和消声特性的影响。结果表明,穿孔率低于40%时,孔径减小或穿孔率增大均能使(0,1)阶模态频率升高,消声器中频消声效果变好;穿孔率高于40%后,孔径和穿孔率对(0,1)阶模态频率影响较小。对于非同轴结构,平面波截止频率为第2阶模态频率,对于给定的孔径和穿孔率,穿孔管偏移对第2阶模态频率影响较小。     

Bandwidth estimation for multimode optical fibers using the frequency correlation function of speckle patterns

In this paper we present a new method for estimating the bandwidth of multimode optical fibers based on the frequency correlation function of the speckle patterns generated by the interference of fiber modes. This technique, which does not require a pulse or signal generator, can be utilized to estimate the bandwidth of a multimode fiber using a relatively short length of fiber. By applying this method to a test fiber we obtained a bandwidth of approximately 36 MHz km which is in relatively good agreement with the approximately 44-MHz x km bandwidth measured by a conventional pulsed technique.     

基于最优复Morlet小波的结构密集模态参数识别

针对结构密集模态参数识别精度不高的问题,提出了一种小波Shannon熵与最小标准差相结合来优化复Morlet小波参数的方法。首先理论推导了中心频率与带宽参数的取值范围,其次采用两个最小原则对中心频率与带宽参数同时进行优化,通过仿真算例和模型实验的参数识别,验证了参数优化后的Morlet小波可准确地识别结构的密集模态参数,并且具有一定的抗噪性能。     

A Compact Rhombus Shaped Antenna with Extended Stubs for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is highly preferred for short distance communication. As a result of this significance, this project targets the design of a compact UWB antennas. This paper describes a printed UWB rhombus-shaped antenna with a partial ground plane. To achieve wideband response, two stubs and a notch are incorporated at both sides of the rhombus design and ground plane respectively. To excite the antenna, a simple microstrip feed line is employed. The suggested antenna is built on a 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate. The proposed design is very compact with overall electrical size of 0.18λ × 0.25λ (14 × 18 mm²). The rhombus shaped antenna covers frequency ranging from 3.5 to 11 GHz with 7.5 GHz impedance bandwidth. The proposed design simulated and measured bandwidths are 83.33% and 80%, respectively. Radiation pattern in terms of E-field and H-field are discussed at 4, 5.5 and 10 GHz respectively. The proposed design has 65% radiation efficiency and 1.5 dBi peak gain. The proposed design is simulated in CST (Computer Simulation Technology) simulator and the simulated design is fabricated for the measured results. The simulated and measured findings are in close resemblance. The obtained results confirm the application of the proposed design for the ultra-wide band applications.     

Suppression of spurious intermediate frequency modes in under‐integrated elements by combined stiffness/viscous stabilization

Solutions employing perturbation stiffness or viscous hourglass control with one‐point quadrature finite elements often exhibit spurious modes in the intermediate frequency range. These spurious frequencies are demonstrated in several examples and their origin is explained. Then it is shown that by critically damping the hourglass modes, these spurious mid‐range frequency modes can be suppressed. Estimates of the hourglass frequency and damping coefficients are provided for the plane 4‐node quadrilateral and a 4‐node shell element. Results are presented that show almost complete annihilation of spurious intermediate frequency modes for both linear and non‐linear problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

褶皱发展对平面张拉薄膜屈曲后动力特性的影响

剪切位移荷载作用下,平面张拉薄膜经历缺陷、临界褶皱和宏观褶皱3种状态。该文依次分别对处于3种状态的薄膜进行自振特性分析,并明确了3种状态的划分原则。计入平面张拉薄膜的微小抗弯刚度,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA中显式-隐式连续求解的方法对屈曲后薄膜的动力特性进行分析。依据忽略面外变形的理想模型自振特性分析结果,把平面张拉薄膜的振型划分为贯通振型和间断振型,贯通振型又划分为纵向贯通振型和横向贯通振型。研究结果表明:薄膜处于缺陷状态时,面外变形对薄膜自振特性的影响可以完全忽略,受主应力分布的影响,低阶振型中纵向贯通振型更易于出现,纵向贯通振型的波峰或波谷数量随着频率阶数的递增而规律递增。临界褶皱状态,薄膜的各阶频率均随剪切位移的增加而出现大幅波动,面外变形对薄膜振型的影响逐渐增大,横向贯通振型消失,纵向贯通振型的递增规律逐渐破坏;宏观褶皱状态,薄膜的各阶频率趋于稳定,其主应力分布及振型受面外变形的影响显著。