新型耐蚀塑料模具钢的组织和性能

 研究了w(C)=039%和w(C)=053%的2种Cr17Mo型耐蚀塑料模具钢的组织、力学性能及耐蚀性能。实验结果表明：2种钢材经适当的淬、回火处理后,均具有较高的硬度和强度;在弱酸和氧化性酸(醋酸和硝酸)中,均具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

固溶处理对0.16C-10Ni-14Co-1Cr-1Mo钢和0.23C-12Ni-14Co-3Cr-1Mo钢组织与性能的影响

适当提高淬火温度，由于未溶碳化物（M23C6）的减少可使韧性得到改善，16NiCo（0．16C－10Ni－14Co－1Cr－1Mo）钢的淬火温度超过860℃，510℃回火的冲击韧性和断裂韧性将出现缓慢下降。23NiCo（0．23C－12Ni－14Co－3Cr－1Mo）钢的淬火温度超过950℃，482℃回火冲击韧性大幅度降低。     

淬-回火温度对高强度钢30NCD16组织和性能的影响

试验了电渣重熔高强度钢30NCD16(％:0．31C、1．41Cr、4.01Ni、0．52Mo)840-930℃淬火、350-625℃回火时的组织和力学性能。结果表明,高强度钢30NCD16最佳热处理工艺为840-870℃淬火+560℃回火,可获得细致均匀的索氏体组织,钢的抗拉强度≥1 200 MPa,冲击功A_KU5≥50 J。     

热处理对Cr8Mo2WSiV工模具钢组织和性能的影响

试验了淬、回火温度对成分为(％)：0．95C，0．93Si，7．94Cr，1．93Mo，0．92W，0．25V的工模具钢Cr8Mo2WSiV的组织和硬度的影响。结果表明Cr8Mo2WSiV钢1050℃淬火组织为马氏体、块粒状碳化物和少量残余奥氏体，1050℃淬火，520℃回火后，钢的HRC硬度值可达63，并具有较好的韧性。     

热处理对DT300低合金超高强度钢组织和性能的影响

试验和分析了840—960℃油淬的DT300钢（％：0．33C、1．78Si、0．76Mn、5．78Ni、1．10Cr、0．65Mo、0．12V）的马氏体转变和ε-碳化物的析出以及淬火温度对300℃回火后钢的机械性能的影响。结果表明，DT300钢经860-920℃1h油淬＋300℃2h回火可获得较完全的板条马氏体和优良的强韧性（Rm1860MPa，Rp0．21500MPa，A12％，AKU258J）。     

0Cr16Ni5Mo钢Ф120~160mm棒材成分和力学性能的回归分析

0Cr16Ni5Mo钢由6 t真空感应炉+电渣重熔工艺冶炼,并锻造成Φ120~160 mm钢材,终锻温度≥900℃,力学性能试样经950℃1 h空冷+520℃4 h回火处理。对该钢47炉次的棒材回归分析,得到了0Cr16Ni5Mo钢材成分与力学性能的定量回归关系式:σ_s=-1043.3+5507.6[C]-1 177.0[Si]+212.6[Ni]+1 160.3[Mo];σ_b=-648.2+4 136.7[C]-424.7[Si]+137.2[Ni]+1 018.4[Mo];A=11.9-137.6[C]+25.1[Si]-4.9[Ni]-2.5[Cr]-29.9[Mo];A_(kv)=-473.3-451.3[Si]+103.3[Ni]+321.3[Mo],其显著性水平为0.1。     

热处理对1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN马氏体耐热钢组织和性能的影响

试验1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN钢（/%:0.13C,0.16Si,0.70Mn,11.42Cr,2.78Ni,1.67Mo,0.30V,0.0360N）的冶金流程为30t EAF-LF-VD-3t ESR-锻造成Φ350mm材。研究了950~1100℃淬火和200~700℃回火对1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN钢组织与性能的影响以及500℃,500~10000h时效的拉伸性能。结果表明,淬火温度950~1100℃对1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN钢力学性能的影响不明显;该钢的回火脆性区在600℃左右,但对钢的塑性的影响较小。经1040℃淬火、540℃回火的1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN钢,在500℃时效500h后,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别下降了7.7%和5.8%,时效10000h后,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别下降了13.4%和14.6%,断面收缩率下降了40%,主要原因是杂质元素在晶界处偏聚以及碳化物在晶界处析出。     

热处理对0.14C-1.25Cr-0.5Mo钢的抗氢蚀能力的影响

试验研究了经不同温度正火和回火后，0．14C—1．25Cr—0．5Mo钢中M3C、M23C6碳化物中Cr、Mn、Mo的含量以及充氢前后淬火和回火温度对钢的力学性能的影响。结果得出，经890-980℃正火、670-710℃回火，该钢具有良好的抗氢蚀能力，520～620℃回火后试样充氢后的强度明显下降。     

高温不锈轴承钢Crl4M04的热处理、组织和性能

试验研究了电渣重熔Cd4Mo4钢（％：1．03C、14．36Cr、3．98Mo）φ22mm热轧材750～950℃退火、950-1200℃淬火、450—550℃回火后钢的组织和性能。结果表明，（890±20）℃退火后钢的HB硬度值207—255；1100—1120℃淬火500—525℃四次回火后钢的组织由细针状回火马氏体、残余奥氏体和碳化物组成，HRE硬度值61，断裂韧性Kic。为31．5—32．1MPa·m^1/2；Crl4Mo4钢200℃高温接触疲劳寿命L，0为1．1×10^5，并且Crl4Mo4钢具有较好的耐磨性能。     

热处理对高强度易切削沉淀硬化不锈钢2Cr16Ni3Mo2CuN力学性能的影响

高强度易切削沉淀硬化不锈钢2Cr16Ni3Mo2CuN在退火状态下有优良的切削性能。研究了经过一级退火温度710~800℃和二级退火温度570~620℃处理后2Cr16Ni3Mo2CuN钢的布氏硬度(HB)值,以及1 050~1 085℃45 min油冷,-70℃2 h,150,170℃回火后的力学性能。试验结果表明,710~740℃5 h空冷+620℃5 h空冷处理后,2Cr16Ni3Mo2CuN钢HB值在321以下;1 050~1 085℃淬火,150~200℃回火处理后,该钢强度极限σ_b≥1 520 MPa,δ₅≥12%,冲击功A_KU≥40 J。2Cr16Ni3Mo2CuN钢具有明显的二次硬化特征,二次硬化峰温度范围为480~520℃。     

冷轧中间辊用半高速钢16Cr5D 的组织和性能

试验研究了20kg中频感应炉冶炼的半高速钢16Cr5D(%:0.50～0.56C,0.36~0.39Mn,0.95~ 1.03Si,5.34～5.68Cr,0.31~0.41Ni,1.00～1.04Mo,0.29～0.30V)的铸态组织以及880～1060℃淬火、200～750 ℃回火后的锻态组织和机械性能。试验结果表明,该钢最佳淬火温度为970～1000℃,在500 ℃回火有明显 的二次硬化,淬回火后具有良好的综合机械性能,是优良的冷轧中间辊材质     

含铜1Cr13 型低碳马氏体抗菌不锈钢的组织和性能

研究了成分(%)为0.11~0.13C、13.46Cr、0～4Cu 的低碳马氏体不锈钢1100 ℃ 15 min油淬, 600℃5h 回火处理后的抗菌性、硬度和耐蚀性。实验结果表明,当钢中含2%～4% Cu时,钢淬回火后的组 织为索氏体基体上弥散分布富铜相,当钢中铜含量从2%增加至4%时,淬回火后钢的HRC 硬度值从38增加 到48,大肠杆菌的杀菌率从42%增加到95%,在5%硫酸中致钝电流和电压减少,使钢易于钝化。     

445M铁素体不锈钢缝隙腐蚀性能的研究

研究了445M铁素体不锈钢(%:0.004～0.005C、22.24～22.29Cr、1.10～1.65Mo、0.015～0.016P、0.003～0.004S、0.012～0.016N、0.22～0.38Ti)和316L奥氏体不锈钢(%:0.022C、16.80Cr、10.19Ni、2.02Mo、0.025P、0.001S、0.046N)在40～60℃氯离子浓度(250～5 000)×10^-6的氯化钠溶液的缝隙腐蚀性能。结果表明,445M铁素体不锈钢的耐缝隙腐蚀性能优于316L奥氏体不锈钢;当445M钢中的Mo含量由1.10%提高至1.65%时,钢的耐缝隙腐蚀性能明显提高,表明点蚀当量Cr+3.3Mo是衡量不锈钢耐点蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀的重要指标。     

奥氏体化温度对30Cr3SiMnNiWMo钢组织性能的影响

试验研究了860～980℃奥氏体化处理对30Cr3SiMnNiWMo钢(%:0.28C、0.74Mn、1.04Si、2.70Cr、1.15Ni、0.45Mo、1.04W、0.07V、0.05Al)组织以及260℃回火后钢的力学性能的影响。结果表明,30Cr3SiMnNiWMo钢860～920℃淬火组织中存在大量M6C碳化物,对回火钢的韧性不利;950℃淬火后,钢中M6C碳化物基本溶解,原奥氏体晶粒开始长大,回火后钢的强度降低;30Cr3SiMnNiWMo钢经920℃1h油淬+260℃2h回火可以获得具有少量残余奥氏体和未溶碳化物的板条马氏体组织,并具有优良的强韧性(Rm=1680 MPa, Rp0.2=1330 MPa,A=13%, Z=58.5%, AKU=85 J) 。     

Si含量对超超临界汽轮机转子钢30Cr2Ni4MoV组织和性能的影响

30Cr2Ni4MoV钢(%:0.15～0.16C、0.03～0.45Si、0.12～0.14Mn、0.005P、0.005～0.006S、1.62～1.72Cr、3.60～3.63Ni、0.52～0.53Mo、0.07V、≤0.005A1)由10kg真空感应炉冶炼,锻后经930℃空冷+900℃空冷+640℃空冷处理,再经850℃水淬+600℃回火调质处理。试验结果表明,当钢中的Si含量由0.03%增加至0.45%时,钢中马氏体量增加,晶粒更为粗大;钢的抗拉和屈服强度分别从922～936 MPa和868～873 MPa增至1015～1028 MPa和950～959 MPa,但平均冲击功由205 J降至154 J。     

Optimizing structure,toughness and wear performance of 15 % Cr cold work cast tool steel

A series of six Cr-, Cr + Mo-, Cr + Mo + V cold work cast tool steels were produced and investigated for microstructure, impact toughness and both experimental and industrial abrasive wear. Grain refinement of the steel matrix even in as-cast condition was obtained on using 2.3 % Mo + 0.9 % V and that ensured increasing impact toughness and abrasion resistance. An optimum impact toughness of about 85 J-cm^?2 was obtained in air quenched (970°C) and tempered (450°C) Mo + V containing steels in which area fraction of carbides reached 38 %. The abrasion resistance improved in case of steels tempered at 250°C and had fine grain structure.     

445J2超纯铁素体不锈钢和316L超低碳奥氏体不锈钢在溴化锂溶液的点蚀分析

445J2铁素体不锈钢由于高的导热率、低的热膨胀系数以及良好的耐蚀性能使得其作为溴冷机中一些部件的良好候选材料,本文采用电化学测试方法对比研究了445J2超纯铁素体不锈钢(/%:0.01C,22.5Cr, 1.9Mo, 0.27Nb, 0.20Ti, 0.09Al, 0.36Cu, 0.015P,0.001S,0.015N)和316L奥氏体不锈钢(/%:0.002C,16.8Cr, 10.19Ni, 2.02Mo, 0.025P,0.0008S)在20～60℃0.1～1M的溴化锂溶液中的点蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)对电化学结果进行表征。结果表明,随着LiBr温度和浓度的升高,两种钢腐蚀电流密度增大,点蚀电位降低,耐点蚀性变差;氧化物和硫化物夹杂会引起两种钢的点蚀;高含量的Cr以及Mo、Ti、Nb、Al等合金元素使445J2钢具有优异的耐点蚀性能。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel 6Crl5MoV

 Martensitic stainless steel containing Cr of 12% to 18% (mass percent) are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel. The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment, especially as Cr and C content. Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance, a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed. The effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel is emphatically researched. Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation; OM, SEM and TEM have been carried out to microstructure observation; hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M23C6 carbide, and the M23C6 carbides finely distributed in annealed microstructure. 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range, the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to HRC 608 to HRC 616 when quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃. Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure, and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain. With the increasing of quenching temperature, the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease. The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃ with tempered at 100 to 150 ℃, and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size. At these temperature ranges, the hardness will retain about HRC 592 to HRC 616 and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 173 to 20 J. A lot of M23C6 carbides precipitated from martensite matrix, at the same time along the boundaries of martensite lathes which leading to the decrease of impact toughness when tempered at 500 to 540 ℃. The M3C precipitants also existed in the martensite matrix of test steel after tempered at 500 ℃, and the mean size of M3C precipitates is bigger than that of M23C6 precipitates.     

淬回火工艺对马氏体不锈钢3Cr17Mo组织和力学性能的影响

试验研究了960~1140℃淬火、200~650℃回火工艺对成分(%)为0.39C,16.73Cr,1.07Mo,0.25V,0.09Cu的塑料模具用马氏体不锈钢3Cr17Mo组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,3Cr17Mo钢的淬火组织为板条马氏体+铁素体+(Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆碳化物;经1000~1060℃淬火、260~300℃或550~600℃回火后,3Cr17Mo钢具有良好的综合力学性能。