槲寄生总黄酮微波提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化提取槲寄生总黄酮的最佳工艺条件及测定其体外抗氧化活性。方法：以产品中总黄酮的质量分数为指标,正交试验L9(34)对槲寄生的微波辅助萃取工艺参数进行优化,并测定其体外抗氧化活性。结果：槲寄生总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为乙醇溶液体积分数70%、微波萃取功率500W、固液比1:40(g/mL)、萃取温度70℃,提取率达1.88%。其体外清除DPPH 自由基及·OH 的IC50 值分别为0.036mg/mL 和0.572mg/mL。结论：槲寄生总黄酮抗氧化活性明显,且最佳工艺操作简单快捷,适用于工业化大批量提取槲寄生总黄酮。     

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacities of 10 Common Edible Flowers from China

The free and bound phenolic compounds in 10 common Chinese edible flowers were investigated using reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Their antioxidant capacities were evaluated using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity, 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical‐scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). Free factions were more prominent in phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than bound fractions. Paeonia suffruticosa and Flos lonicerae showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) 235.5 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g of dry weight and total flavonoid content 89.38 mg rutin equivalents/g of dry weight. The major phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin. P. suffruticosa had the highest antioxidant capacity in the DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays, which were 1028, 2065, 990 μmol Trolox equivalents/g of dry weight, respectively, whereas Rosa chinensis had the highest FRAP value (2645 μmol Fe²⁺ equivalents /g of dry weight). The P. suffruticosa soluble phenolics had the highest CAA, with the median effective dose (EC₅₀) 26.7 and 153 μmol quercetin equivalents/100 g of dry weight in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and no PBS wash protocol, respectively. TPC was strongly correlated with antioxidant capacity (R = 0.8443 to 0.9978, P < 0.01), which indicated that phenolics were the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of the selected edible flowers.     

苕子蜜总酚酸和总黄酮含量测定及抗氧化活性的研究

以市售5 个样本苕子蜜为研究对象,在测定其总酚酸及总黄酮含量的基础上,研究苕子蜜对DPPH 自由基的清除作用,并测定苕子蜜的还原力。结果表明：5 个样本苕子蜜总酚酸含量在9.323～21.982mg/100g 之间,总黄酮含量在0.842～2.295mg/100g 之间。各样本苕子蜜均有一定的抗氧化活性,呈现量效关系。总酚酸含量、还原能力与抗氧化能力三者成正相关,表明蜂蜜的抗氧化活性可能与其所含的总酚酸有关。总黄酮和总酚酸含量与还原能力、抗氧化能力之间无明显相关性。     

Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Extensively Used Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka

The burden of chronic diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide. Diet and nutrition are important factors in the promotion and maintenance of good health throughout the entire life course. Physiological and biochemical alterations in the human body may result in overproduction of free radicals leading to oxidative damage to biomolecules (e.g. lipids, proteins, DNA). Use of medicinal plant based products has increased recently because of their exerted beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities. The present study was designed to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of ten medicinal plants which are extensively used in the Ayurvedic treatment systems in Sri Lanka. Water extracts were prepared and evaluated for their free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity using a number of chemical assays; DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The total Phenolic (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) were also assessed. The TPC and TFC values of the extracts varied from 295.94±3.65 – 5.22±0.08 (mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight) and 115.01±1.69 – 0.97±0.002 (mg Catechin Equivalent (CE)/g dry weight) respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were higher for the Nelli (Phyllanthus emblica) extract while the least activity was observed in Venivel (Cosciniumfenestratum) extract. The FRAP activity of the extracts was well proved with the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. A positive, significant linear relationship between antioxidant activity and TPC and TFC content showed that phenolic compounds and flavonoids were the dominant antioxidant components in the medicinal herbs studied.     

南瓜苗总黄酮的提取及清除自由基能力研究

目的：提取南瓜苗总黄酮并研究其抗氧化活性。方法：用乙醇提取南瓜苗总黄酮,采用DPPH法、水杨酸法检测其对DPPH自由基和 ·OH的清除作用。结果：最佳提取条件为提取温度70℃、提取时间4h、乙醇体积分数85%、料液比1:25(g/mL)。在该条件下南瓜苗总黄酮得率最高,达到2.56%。南瓜苗总黄酮清除DPPH自由基和 ·OH的EC50(半抑制质量浓度)分别为0.017mg/mL和0.019mg/mL。结论：南瓜苗中含有丰富的黄酮,并且其具有较强的清除自由基能力。     

松嫩草原罗布麻茎叶总黄酮抗氧化活性动态变化的研究

通过测定对二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH.)和.OH的清除活性,研究不同生长发育时期松嫩草原野生罗布麻茎叶总黄酮抗氧化活性的动态变化。结果表明:茎总黄酮对DPPH.的清除活性在营养期、花末期和落叶期较强,对.OH的清除活性在营养生长期、盛花期、花末期和种子成熟期较强;叶总黄酮对DPPH.的清除活性从返青期到营养生长期开始增强后一直维持较高的水平,种子成熟期后开始下降,对.OH清除活性在盛花期和种子成熟期达到2个顶峰。罗布麻叶总黄酮的抗氧化活性强于茎。     

广枣黄酮清除自由基能力及抗氧化性能的细胞模型法评价

利用制备色谱将广枣黄酮分离成F1和F2两个组分。分别测定广枣黄酮、F1和F2的总抗氧化能力、清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基（•OH）以及超氧阴离子自由基（O2－•）的能力,并与常见的抗氧化剂VC进行对比。结果表明：广枣黄酮具有良好的抗氧化效果,总黄酮的抗氧化能力介于F1和F2之间;F1对DPPH自由基的清除能力以及F1和F2对•OH的清除能力均高于VC,而在总抗氧化能力以及清除O2－•方面F1和F2的效果均弱于VC。另外,细胞模型法评价结果显示,广枣黄酮可清除小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7内的活性氧,表现出明显的抗氧化活性。     

DPPH法评价抗氧化活性研究进展

植物化合物或植物提取物的抗氧化活性的体外评价是研究功能因子的一个重要方面。1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）法常用于评价化合物或植物提取物的抗氧化活性,但由于没有一个标准化的方法,因而不同实验的结果难于相互比较。本文从DPPH法的原理、测定方法、检测波长、DPPH初浓度、反应时间、清除率计算公式、结果表达、评价指标等几个方面对DPPH法做归纳总结,分析几种外界因素对DPPH法的影响,有助于研究者提高认识,从而准确的开展研究工作。     

蒲公英花中总酚酸和总黄酮含量测定及其抗氧化性能研究

测定蒲公英花75%乙醇提取液中总酚酸和总黄酮含量,并测定该提取液对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和油脂自氧化的清除作用。结果表明：蒲公英花中总酚酸平均含量为4.09%,总黄酮平均含量为3.65%。提取液对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和油脂自氧化均有较好的清除效果,并在供试质量浓度范围内呈现量效关系。对超氧阴离子自由基的半数抑制率IC50为96.1μg/mL,对羟自由基的IC50为7.7μg/mL。蒲公英花提取液可使花生油的过氧化值(POV)显著降低,其效果与在花生油中添加0.10%的VC相当。     

蒙古绣线菊六个化合物及其挥发油化学成分和清除DPPH自由基活性、抗菌活性的测定分析

通过GC/MS对水蒸气蒸馏法提取的蒙古绣线菊枝、叶挥发油化学成分进行分析。挥发油的主要成分为脂肪酸及其衍生物,其中棕榈酸乙酯占挥发油总含量38.631%、反亚油酸乙酯23.576%、亚麻酸乙酯14.634%。通过硅胶柱色谱法分离和核磁鉴定,白桦脂醇(1)、羽扇豆醇-3,20-二醇(2)、1β-羟基-6,9-二烯-8-羰基-11-降-11-二酮(3)、3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙醛(4)、豆甾醇(5)、β-谷甾醇(6)六个化合物从蒙古绣线菊枝、叶中分离出来。对它们清除DPPH自由基活性、抗菌活性也分别进行了测定。试验结果表明挥发油有良好的清除DPPH自由基活性(IC50=900 μg/mL),对所选菌株没有明显的抗菌活性。化合物(4)显示出较强的清除DPPH自由基活性(IC50=13 μg/mL),对黄曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌均有明显的抑菌活性。化合物(3)清除DPPH自由基活性微弱,对黄曲霉和枯草芽孢杆菌显示明显的抑菌活性,这些研究结果对传统中草药的研究和新药物的研制具有一定的意义。     

蜂蜜中酚类物质及其抗氧化活性研究进展

酚类物质是蜂蜜中重要的生物活性成分,包括酚酸、黄酮及其衍生物,具有抗氧化活性,可以清除超氧阴离子自由基、过氧亚硝酸盐自由基、脂质过氧化自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS＋ ·、羟自由基等。本文综述了国内外蜂蜜中酚类物质的提取、检测、主要成分及其抗氧化活性的研究进展,旨在为蜂蜜中酚类物质的开发及应用提供依据。     

红枣核类黄酮清除DPPH自由基活性研究

将红枣核以60%乙醇提取后,经AB-8大孔吸附树脂吸附分离,首次研究了红枣核类黄酮对DPPH自由基的清除活性。结果表明,红枣核类黄酮对DPPH自由基有很强的清除活性,IC50为6.5μg/ml,对DPPH自由基的清除率有量效关系。     

苹果梨酚类物质抗氧化活性研究

通过对DPPH 自由基、羟自由基(·OH)和亚硝酸根离子的清除能力实验,测定苹果梨幼果和成熟果果皮中提取的酚类物质抗氧化活性。结果表明：苹果梨酚类物质对DPPH 自由基、·OH 和亚硝酸根离子均有较好的清除效果,其中幼果中提取的酚类物质清除效果要好于成熟果果皮。     

全叶青兰提取物抗氧化活性的研究

以全叶青兰经超临界CO2萃取后的萃取物为原料,采用乙醇提取后,根据极性差异经乙醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,对所得提取物的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明,3种提取物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基均具有比较强的抗氧化活性。其清除DPPH自由基的能力比较接近,而对羟基自由基的清除能力三者差异较大。其中,乙酸乙酯和乙醚提取物清除羟基自由基的半数清除率要明显小于同等条件下的对照品芦丁和BHT的清除浓度,正丁醇提取物清除DPPH自由基的半数清除率的浓度明显要小于清除羟基自由基的浓度,乙酸乙酯萃取物和乙醚萃取物在两个体系内的差异较小。     

不同豇豆中酚类含量与抗氧化活性

为深入了解豇豆的营养价值,以11个不同品种的豇豆样品为原料,对其总酚含量、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、·OH清除能力)进行分析,并讨论酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种的豇豆酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性差异显著。在测定的样品中,新杂1号表现出最高的总酚含量(5.59 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(4.12 mg CAE/g)及抗氧化活性(总还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力);豇豆中总酚含量、总黄酮含量与总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力之间有极显著相关性(P0.01),与·OH清除能力之间没有显著相关性。     

Radical Scavenging Capacity and Antioxidant Activity of the E Vitamer Fraction in Rice Bran

ABSTRACT: Radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of an E vitamer fraction from rice bran were investigated. The E vitamer fraction was prepared by a liquid-liquid extraction method. The free radical scavenging capacity of the E vitamer fraction was measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) method at the concentration range of 2.5 to 640 ppm, whereas the antioxidant activities were measured by both the reducing power and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) methods at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 10, 40, and 160 ppm). Radical scavenging capacity of the fraction was effective up to 160 ppm, then remained stable. Also, at a concentration of 160 ppm, it was highly effective in inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation. Similarly, superoxide scavenging and antioxidant activities of the E vitamer fraction were compared with those of the synthetic phenol compounds. Results showed that with a concentration of the E vitamer fraction at 160 ppm, the antioxidant activity was comparable to both butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 160 ppm) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, 160 ppm). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among them. The E vitamer fraction may be a good substitute for the synthetic phenol antioxidants currently used in industry because the former is more natural and comparatively effective in its radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity.     

全谷物酚类化合物抗氧化活性研究进展

全谷物中含有多种生物活性成分,如酚类化合物、β-葡聚糖、膳食纤维等,其中,酚类化合物以其独特的抗氧化功能而备受人们的青睐。本文综述全谷物酚类化合物的组成、存在形式、影响其含量的因素及其抗氧化效果的评价方法,旨为全谷物酚类化合物的研究提供参考。     

玫瑰黄酮的提取及其清除DPPH自由基活性研究

采用正交试验研究玫瑰黄酮的最佳提取条件,同时以VC和VE为对照,评价玫瑰黄酮清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH自由基)的能力。结果表明玫瑰黄酮最佳的提取条件为:乙醇体积分数60%、液料比15:1、浸提温度40℃、提取时间1.5h,此时玫瑰黄酮提取率为40.87%、DPPH自由基清除率为88.28%。玫瑰黄酮对DPPH自由基有明显的清除作用,其对DPPH自由基的清除能力小于VC大于VE。玫瑰黄酮、VC和VE清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制浓度IC50分别为12.50、7.00mg/L和13.95mg/L。