侧限单面渗流冷榨下的菜籽应力应变关系反演

进行了单面渗流下菜籽及脱皮菜籽冷榨的应力、应变试验 ,研究了不同加载速率对应力、应变关系的影响 ,采用川北方程建立菜籽及脱皮菜籽的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系 ,运用改进模拟退火算法反求应力、应变关系参数。结果表明 :在相同压榨应力时 ,单面渗流下的应变小于双面渗流下的应变 ;加载速率对其应力、应变关系的影响均较大 ,应变随加载速率的减小而增加 ;脱皮菜籽的应变大于未脱皮菜籽的应变 ;川北方程能较好地模拟菜籽及其脱皮菜籽的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系。     

侧限单面渗流冷榨下的菜籽应力应变关系反演

进行了单面渗流下菜籽及脱皮菜籽冷榨的应力、应变试验，研究了不同加载速率对应力、应变关系的影响，采用川北方程建立菜籽及脱皮菜籽的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系。运用改进模拟退火算法反求应力、应变关系参数。结果表明：在相同压榨应力时，单面渗流下的应变小于双面渗流下的应变；加载速率对其应力、应变关系的影响均较大，应变随加载速率的减小而增加；脱皮菜籽的应变大于未脱皮菜籽的应变；川北方程能较好地模拟菜籽及其脱皮菜籽的侧限单面排油压榨的应力、应变关系。     

油菜籽及其脱皮冷榨应力应变关系的神经网络模型

进行了单面渗流下油菜籽及其脱皮冷榨的应力、应变试验,研究了不同加载速率对应力、应变关系和出油量的影响,建立了基于BP神经网络的应力、应变关系模拟模型,对油菜籽及其脱皮单面渗流一维冷态压榨下的应力、应变关系进行了模拟.结果表明,在相同压榨应力下,加载速率对其应变关系和出油量的影响均较大,应变和出油量均随加载速率的减小而增加;脱皮油菜籽的应变大于未脱皮油菜籽的应变.BP神经网络模拟油菜籽的应力、应变是一种有效的方法.     

油料冷榨的应力应变关系研究

进行了花生、大豆、芝麻、亚麻籽双面渗流冷榨的应力应变试验.采用川北方程建立了侧限排油压榨的应力、应变关系模型,运用改进模拟退火算法反求模型参数.结果表明:川北方程能较好地模拟花生、大豆、芝麻、亚麻籽的侧限排油压榨的应力、应变关系.     

油茶籽压榨过程中的应力应变特性研究

对油茶籽侧限压榨过程中的应力应变特性进行了试验研究和数学建模。以湖北省的某种油茶籽为压榨对象,使用自制的侧限排油柱塞式压榨装置,分别对3种质量(20、30、40 g)的油茶籽进行了4种加载速率(0. 01、0. 02、0. 04 kN/s和0. 06 kN/s)的压榨,得到了相应的应力应变曲线。使用川北方程进行了数学建模,得到了4种加载速率下的应力应变关系的数学模型。并将数学模型所对应的曲线与试验数据进行比较,结果发现实测的数据散点都在建立的数学模型曲线周围波动,说明使用川北方程所建立的数学模型是比较准确的。     

蓖麻籽直筒式冷态压榨过程中出油应力应变试验

利用自制直筒式液压加载试验装置系统,采集蓖麻籽冷态压榨制油过程中的应力与应变,得到了出油应力及出油应变与加载速度的关系。结果表明:出油应力随着加载速度的增加而增加,而出油应变几乎无变化,其平均出油应变为0.604。压榨效果由出油应变决定,无论加载速度多大,压榨过程必须保证榨筒中蓖麻籽达到平均出油应变以上,才能榨出蓖麻籽油并使其流出榨筒。     

菜籽及菜籽仁出油压力与出油率的试验研究

利用可视化柱塞式压榨试验装置对菜籽和菜籽仁进行压榨试验,揭示了压榨取油的微观机制与过程,提出了出油压力、出油应变概念,并对其进行了试验。结果表明,菜籽的出油压力远大于菜籽仁的出油压力。试验探讨了菜籽和菜籽仁的出油率与出油压力的关系,并得到两者的对数关系。     

油菜籽脱皮低温压榨工艺及在饲料中的应用

介绍了油菜籽脱皮低温压榨工艺及在饲料加工中的应用,并进行了经济效益分析.结果说明,油菜籽脱皮低温压榨在饲养业具有广阔的前景,亦为菜籽蛋白的开发利用提供了新的途径.     

菜籽及菜籽仁出油压力与出油率的试验研究

利用可视化柱塞式压榨试验装置对菜籽和菜籽仁进行压榨试验，揭示了压榨取油的微观机制与过程，提出了出油压力、出油应变概念，并对其进行了试验。结果表明，菜籽的出油压力远大于菜籽仁的出油压力。试验探讨了菜籽和菜籽仁的出油率与出油压力的关系，并得到两者的对数关系。     

菜籽脱皮冷榨的理论和实践

介绍了对菜籽脱皮和冷榨工艺的研究结果。结果显示,脱皮冷榨毛菜籽油的质量与脱胶油相同,类似于中和后的油,同时压榨饼在相同能量供给试验中,对家禽饲养较不脱皮菜籽饼表现出一更高的增重率。由于脱皮冷榨菜籽油不需精炼即可食用,因此,该工艺也许可叫做绿色油脂加工工艺,它不仅避免了对食用油的热和化学处理,同时提高了压榨饼对家禽的增重率。     

The Effect of Additives on the Regain of Wool

The changes in pressure, velocity, and energy of a liquid particle emanating from a submerged jet and flowing towards and through a porous medium are predicted. An expression is developed for the volumetric rate of flow of a liquid from a jet entering a porous medium, and the rate is shown to vary less than 20% when the distance from the jet nozzle to the porous medium is doubled. The pressure at any level in a compressible porous medium subjected to an initial uniform flow is determined. The distribution of flow within a layer of wool that is impinged upon by a submerged jet is found to be Gaussian, and photographic evidence shows the spread of the flow as it emerges from the downstream surface.     

基于孔隙度的冷榨菜籽仁饼微观结构研究

菜籽仁饼微观结构的特性将主要控制和影响实际压榨过程效率.运用扫描电镜和图像分析仪测试分析侧限单轴冷态压榨条件下菜籽仁饼的微观结构,测试出6种压力下菜籽仁饼的孔隙度,并采用回归分析方法建立了孔隙度的经验公式.结果表明,仁饼微观结构各向异性明显,孔隙度与压力的关系可用指数函数描述.     

Velocity effects on fullerene and oxide nanoparticle deposition in porous media

Products of nanochemistry have been proposed in a number of applications ranging from soil stabilization and cosmetics to groundwater remediation. A fundamental understanding of the transport properties of these materials is essential to assess their efficacy and environmental impact in such applications. In this work, we consider the effect of flow on nanoparticle transport and deposition in porous media. The transport of three aqueous suspensions of fullerenes in a well-characterized porous medium is compared with that of two oxide nanomaterials at two flow rates. Despite significant differences in surface chemistry and size, the fullerenes exhibited an unexpected and similar breakthrough behavior at the higher flow rate. A striking characteristic of the fullerene breakthrough curves obtained at the higher Darcy velocity was an initial enhancement in nanoparticle deposition shortly after the passage of the first pore volume of suspension, followed by an increase in passage. This velocity-sensitive "affinity transition" in the initial deposition of nanoparticles in the porous medium was observed for fullerene-based materials only at the higher velocity and was in no case observed for silica or titania nanoparticles. The removal of fullerene-based nanoparticles was observed to converge to a level that was independent of flow velocity, suggesting that under these conditions time scales for attachment or reorganization on the surface are greater than the time scale for transport to collector surfaces.     

响应面试验优化黏质沙雷氏菌利用菜籽饼粕产灵菌红素工艺

为筛选得到一株产灵菌红素的黏质沙雷氏菌为发酵菌种,采用响应面法优化培养基组分和发酵条件,提高黏质沙雷氏菌生产灵菌红素的效率,结果表明,黏质沙雷氏菌最优培养基组分及发酵条件为玉米粉用量10 g/L、菜籽饼粕用量21.7 g/L、硫酸锌质量浓度0.05 g/L、发酵液初始pH 5.8、接种量5.5%、装液量80 m L/250 m L三角瓶、温度27℃、摇床转速200 r/min,培养24 h后,发酵液中灵菌红素产量达到11.56 g/L。本研究为高温菜籽饼粕原料发酵生产灵菌红素提供理论依据。     

产蛋白酶菌株的筛选及以菜籽粕为氮源的产酶条件优化

从大学食堂污水中筛选出1 株高产蛋白酶菌株CL-10,通过生理生化实验以及16S rRNA测序鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。以廉价菜籽粕为氮源,以蛋白酶活力为指标,通过对培养基成分单因素试验探讨不同因素对发酵产蛋白酶的影响,在此基础上,通过响应面优化菜籽粕、玉米粉、麸皮的含量。结果表明：最优产酶条件为菜籽粕质量分数6.1%、玉米粉质量分数4.4%、麸皮质量分数3.2%、吐温20体积分数0.7%、ZnSO4·7H2O质量分数0.2%,在此条件下,蛋白酶活力的验证值为6 385.1 U/mL,相比基础发酵培养基酶活力提高了1.35 倍,平均氮源成本降低了54.6%。该工艺具有酶活高、成本低、操作简单的特点,为蛋白酶的生产和菜籽粕的资源化利用提供一定的指导。     

Gravitational settling effects on unit cell predictions of colloidal retention in porous media in the absence of energy barriers

Laboratory column experiments for colloidal transport and retention are often carried out with flow direction oriented against gravity (up-flow) to minimize retention of trapped air. However, the models that underlie colloidal filtration theory (e.g., unit cell models such as the Happel sphere-in-cell and hemispheres-in-cell) typically set flow in the same direction as gravity (down-flow). We performed unit model simulations and experimental observations of retention of colloids with different size and density in porous media in the absence of energy barriers under both up-flow and down-flow conditions. Unit cell models predicted very different deposition (e.g., for large or dense colloids with gravity number N(G) > 0.01 at pore water velocity of 4 m/day) under down-flow versus up-flow conditions, which reflect underlying influences of gravity and flow on simulated colloid trajectories that resulted in very different distributions of attached colloids over the model surfaces. The Happel sphere-in-cell model showed greater sensitivity to flow orientation relative to gravity than the hemispheres-in-cell model. In contrast, experimental results were relatively insensitive to orientation of flow with respect to gravity, as a result of the variety of orientations of flow relative to gravity and to the porous media surface that exist in actual porous media. Notably, the down-flow simulations corresponded most closely to the experimental results (for near neutrally buoyant colloids); which justifies the common practice of comparing up-flow experiments to theoretical predictions developed for down-flow conditions.     

混菌固态发酵生产菜籽肽培养基条件优化研究

以工业副产品菜籽粕为原料,通过枯草芽孢杆菌和雅致放射毛霉混菌固态发酵生产菜籽肽。先以肽得率、氮溶解指数和硫甙降解率为指标通过单因素实验初步得到混菌发酵的培养基条件,再根据Box-Benhnken的中心组合实验设计原理,在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面分析法,建立起菜籽肽得率与各影响因素的回归方程,优化混菌固态发酵培养基组成,得出最佳的培养基工艺条件为:菜籽粕中麸皮添加量5%、料液比1:1.35、葡萄糖添加量0.50%、KH2PO4添加量0.36%、初始pH6.5,此条件下发酵产品的菜籽肽得率可达6.85%,同时测得在此优化条件下的硫甙降解率为62.09%。