苦荞可溶性膳食纤维素营养饮品研制

以苦荞可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)和黑苦荞米为原料,运用模糊数学、感官评价及正交试验方法得到苦荞可溶性膳食纤维营养饮品的生产工艺,结果表明:最佳配比为苦荞米焙炒温度110℃、时间3 min、炒制苦荞米与浸取热水的比例1∶6.67、苹果多酚0.10%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.08%。研制出的苦荞可溶性膳食纤维饮品营养丰富、风味浓郁。     

家制四川汤圆

四川汤圆是有名的传统小吃,品种很多,深受人们喜爱.这里,我们向大家介绍两种汤圆的制法.芝麻汤圆面料的制作:将酒米(即糯米)与适量的饭米(即普通大米)混合(10斤糯米可加2斤饭米,若糯米质差,可少加饭米)水浸泡1～2天后,用磨磨细,放入布袋内,悬空吊浆,制成面粉.馅心的制作:将适量的白糖、麻酱、桃仁(压碎)、芝麻(压碎)、     

高抗性淀粉苦荞乳饮料制备工艺研究

以苦荞米为原料,添加脱脂奶粉、甜赛糖、复合稳定剂等辅料,采用烘焙、浸泡、磨浆、预糊化、液化、糖化、普鲁兰酶处理、过滤、调配、均质等一系列工艺过程制备出高抗性淀粉含量的苦荞乳饮料。以抗性淀粉含量为指标,通过糊化米水比、糊化时间、普鲁兰酶处理用量及时间的一系列单因素实验,确定出苦荞乳饮料最佳工艺条件为糊化米水比1:8、糊化时间40min、普鲁兰酶用量0.06m L、酶处理时间30min;此工艺条件下,苦荞乳饮料中抗性淀粉含量达到最大,为10.97%。以感官得分为指标,通过正交实验,确定出了苦荞乳饮料的最佳配方为苦荞米10%、奶粉2.5%、甜赛糖0.15%、复合乳化剂0.1%(均为质量分数比)。     

苦荞摊饭法甜型黄酒发酵工艺研究

以苦荞米和糯米(1∶1)为原料,通过单因素及正交试验,得出苦荞摊饭法甜型黄酒的最佳发酵工艺为:酒药用量0.4%,麦曲用量5%,投酒酒度45%vol,投酒量与原料量之比为1∶1(V∶m),发酵温度30℃,主发酵时间11d。该条件下酿造的苦荞甜型酒,经贮存后口味绵软、润滑,色泽黄色、清亮透明、富有光泽,醇香浓郁,具有苦荞甜型黄酒的独特风格。     

麦类杂粮米饭的黏弹性及其影响因素的研究

苦荞、荞麦、燕麦3种杂粮都具有一定的功能和营养价值,研究将3种杂粮添加到米饭中,利用硬度黏度仪测定其对米饭黏弹性的影响.结果表明,苦荞的添加使米饭的硬度上升,黏度、平衡度下降;荞麦、燕麦对米饭的硬度影响较小,黏度、平衡度有不同程度的下降.不同蒸煮条件实验结果表明,浸泡时间和蒸煮时间对苦荞饭黏弹性没有显著影响.通过预糊化处理降低苦荞的硬度,结果表明:浸泡温度80℃、煮制时间15 min、蒸制时间10 min、烘干温度为50℃,对于降低苦荞硬度最佳.     

酶联免疫法测定苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1

用酶联免疫法（ELISA）测定不同苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1,对如何防控苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1进行探讨。在分析的4类产品中,苦荞营养粉的黄曲霉毒素B1含量最低,其次是苦荞速溶片和苦荞醋,苦荞米茶中最高。方法的检测灵敏度为0.1 μg/kg,平均回收率在84.70~84.95%,相对标准偏差小于5%。结果表明,酶联免疫法测定准确,稳定性和重现性好,可广泛应用于苦荞及其制品中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测。     

苦荞米及萌动苦荞米加工工艺研究

研究了苦荞米及萌动苦荞米加工过程中浸泡和蒸煮时间对熟化度,以及熟化后苦荞含水量对脱壳率和整米率的影响。结果表明：苦荞浸泡时间≥4h,蒸煮≥30min和浸泡时间≥5h,蒸煮≥20min的各处理,熟化度都能达到100%;当熟化后的苦荞水分含量在24.0%～26.0%时,脱壳率达到100%,整米率〉90%。萌动苦荞米与苦荞米的加工工艺,可以采用相同的熟化条件和脱壳条件。苦荞及萌动苦荞脱壳工艺条件的研究为苦荞米及萌动苦荞米的加工提供了一定的科学依据。     

湿热处理对裸燕麦复配米方便米饭品质的影响

燕麦属于粗杂粮,具有极高的营养价值。为了改善目前市场上方便米饭多以粳米为原料,加之在生产工艺中造成米饭营养流失而引起的方便米饭营养不足,以裸燕麦米为原料,与粳米以适当比例配合,制作裸燕麦复配米方便米饭,确定方便米饭加工工艺最佳工艺参数。试验结果表明,将裸燕麦用沙滚碾米机进行碾磨后与粳米以适当比例复配,裸燕麦米与粳米的最佳比例为1∶2,湿热处理最佳工艺为在35℃恒温水浴锅中将米浸泡30 min,蒸煮米水比1∶1,蒸煮时间8 min,蒸煮压力0.05 MPa,此条件下裸燕麦复配米方便米饭的复水率为2.20,糊化度91.2%,感官评分27.1,综合值140.3。     

浸泡和糊化工艺对半干米粉品质的影响

目的:优化半干米粉的浸泡工艺和糊化工艺。方法:分析浸泡温度、浸泡时间、糊化温度、糊化时间、水添加量对半干米粉吐浆率和质构特性的影响,并优化浸泡工艺和糊化工艺。结果:最佳工艺条件为浸泡温度40℃,浸泡时间2 h,糊化温度90℃,糊化时间8 min,水添加量7 0%,在最佳工艺下制得的半干米粉具有较好的蒸煮品质和质构特性。结论:通过优化半干米粉的浸泡工艺和糊化工艺可提升半干米粉的品质。     

米类制品风味小吃三例

米类是我国传统面点的一个重要组成部分,米类制品的花色品种与麦类的制品不相上下。其一是直接用粳米、籼米、糯米等制成饭、粥、粽子、糯米烧卖、八宝饭、糯米素烧鹅、糍饭、糕等;其二是把米磨成粉,调成团再制成各色成品,如干松糕、乌缸豆糕、麻球、艾饺等,也可用干粉与湿粉制     

荞麦米线加工工艺研究

研究荞麦米线的加工工艺,单因素试验确定影响荞麦米线品质的主要因素为荞麦粉∶早籼米、面粉粒径、含水量和复蒸时间4个因素,正交试验确定产品的最佳工艺条件为荞麦粉∶早籼米为1∶4,面粉粒径为80目,含水量为45%,复蒸时间为4 min。此工艺生产的荞麦米线具有加工工艺简单,营养丰富,口感爽滑等特点。荞麦米线的研制为改良传统食品提供新思路。     

小米米线制作工艺的研究

以小米为原料研磨成粉制作小米米线.通过单因素试验选择马铃薯改性淀粉、早籼米粉、水分添加量和蒸制时间的范围.以指标权值小米米线弹性0.2、咀嚼性0.2、拉伸性0.3、感官评分0.3、加工性0.2为小米米线品质的评价指标做正交试验.经试验,小米米线的制作条件为:食盐0.4％、焦磷酸钠0.03％、马铃薯改性淀粉12％、早籼米粉8％、含水量60％、蒸制时间6min.以此得到的小米米线综合加权评分为67.205,感官评定为8.7,口感较好、米线光泽好.由此可预测,小米米线的加工具有一定可行性.     

Changes in the vitamin content of various cereals during storage

Thiamine and niacin losses were studied in various cereals (grinding millet, non-grinding oatmeal, fine-ground corn, grinding rice, wheat Poltavskaya, buckwheat, pearl-barley, and grinding pea) stored in sacks at store-houses in two different climatic areas of the USSR - with a temperate and with a dry hot climate, as well as at a constant temperature of 10 degrees C, during 6-29 months. Vitamin losses in grinding millet, non-grinding oatmeal and grinding rice were evaluated considering their treatment with methyl bromide and cereal cooking. It was found that during the storage under conditions of a dry hot climate thiamine and niacin losses comprised 37.8, after methyl bromide treatment - 44.0, and after cooking - 28.6%. Lower vitamin losses were recorded after the cereals storage at a constant temperature of 10 degrees C.     

Optimization of Process Parameters for Decortication of Finger Millet Through Response Surface Methodology

Decorticated finger millet is prepared by hardening the endosperm by hydrothermal processing and polishing the processed grains. The yield of the decorticated grains is of paramount importance in the millet industry. Milling yield depends on the grain moisture content and incipient moisture conditioning during milling. It was found that steaming conditions such as steaming time and steam pressure significantly influenced the milling yield. Hence, studies were undertaken to determine the influence of moisture and steaming conditions on the yield of decorticated millet. Steaming conditions were optimized through response surface methodology. The responses studied were hardness, milling yield, porosity and water uptake of hydrothermally processed millet. The studies indicated that hydrothermally processed millet with 16±1% moisture content, tempered with 5% added water at I stage and 4% water in the II stage milling, resulted in a yield of 64.6%. The relationship of milling yield, hardness and porosity of the millet was quadratic with the severity of steaming conditions, while water uptake of the steamed millet exhibited a linear relationship. Based on the regression analysis, optimum conditions estimated for steaming time and pressure were 17.5 min and 313.8 kPa, respectively. At this condition, the milling yield, water uptake, porosity and hardness values were also predicted and the values were 68.33 g/100 g, 63.43 g/100 g, 52.23% and 204.01 N, respectively. The studies indicate that steaming the millet at elevated pressure and temperature increases the milling yield and steaming beyond the threshold level has a detrimental effect on the yield of head grains.     

我国特种黄酒的生产工艺及产品特征

特种黄酒是企业针对市场需要所研制开发的一类低度新型黄酒。该文将近几年国内生产低度饮料酒和加香饮料黄酒开发情况加以汇总，叙述了新型特种黄酒中的低醇黄酒、果味型黄酒和功能性保健黄酒的生产工艺及产品特征。     

发芽苦荞绿茶复合饮料的工艺研究

通过模糊综合评价和正交实验方法,对发芽苦荞汁和绿茶汁的浸提以及调配工艺条件进行了优化,得出最佳的工艺条件与配比。结果表明:苦荞麦芽汁浸提的最佳浸提条件为100℃下温火煮制2h;绿茶汁浸提最佳条件为茶水比1:60,80℃下浸提15min;发芽苦荞绿茶复合饮料的最优配方为:发芽苦荞汁和绿茶汁的比率为1:1,加糖量为2.5%,VC添加量为0.015%,柠檬酸添加量为0.10%。     

蒸煮对小米营养成分及抗氧化活性的影响

以内蒙赤峰峰红谷为研究原料,研究蒸和煮2种加工方式对小米维生素、多酚、黄酮以及抗氧化活性的影响。与生小米相比,蒸和煮2种加工方式显著性降低了小米VB1、VB2和植酸含量(P0.05),且煮小米中VB1保留率较高,蒸小米中VB2和植酸保留率较高。与蒸小米相比,煮小米中总酚的保留率较高,其含量是蒸小米总酚含量的1.39倍,且煮小米中含有较丰富的香草酸和肉桂酸;基于1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除实验、2,2'-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基清除实验、铁离子还原能力实验和氧化自由基吸收能力的实验表明,抗氧化活性大小为生小米煮小米蒸小米,因此煮是较好的一种加工方式。     

川法小曲白酒生产技术(八)

小麦酿制小曲酒的工艺包括原料浸泡、蒸煮、加曲入箱培菌糖化、装桶发酵、烤酒等；粳稻谷酿制小曲酒的主要工艺包括原料蒸煮、培菌糖化、发酵、蒸馏等；米麦混酿的主要工艺包括蒸粮、培菌、发酵、蒸馏；稻麦混酿的主要工序包括蒸粮、培菌、发酵、蒸馏；高粱小麦混酿的主要工序包括蒸粮、培菌、发酵、蒸馏；因各小曲白酒的生产原料和工艺不同，则生产过程的工艺技术控制参数也不同。（孙悟）     

EFFECT OF ARTISANAL PARBOILING METHODS ON MILLING YIELD AND COOKED RICE TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

ABSTRACT

One of the main objectives of artisanal rice parboiling is to reduce the levels of broken grains (brokens) on milling. Rice samples that had been parboiled using different regimes of soaking temperatures and steaming times were analyzed for their physical properties and cooked rice textures. It was established that inappropriate soaking and steaming regimes resulted in greater levels of brokens than raw‐milled paddy. Consequently, in artisanal parboiling, the initial soaking temperature should be about 90C and the steaming time should be more than 8 min, ideally, about 12 min. On cooking, more severely parboiled rice samples had firmer textures than mildly parboiled samples. The commercially parboiled sample and the more severely laboratory‐parboiled samples required a rice‐to‐water ratio of 1:3, while the raw‐milled sample and the mildly parboiled ones required a 1:2½ rice‐to‐water ratio for optimum cooking.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Artisanal rice parboiling is carried out mainly to reduce the levels of broken grains and increase the yield of milled rice in many countries. If this is carried out very well, there are economic benefits as more rice of better quality is available to be sold. This study provides information on optimum processing conditions, i.e., initial soaking temperature of about 90C and a steaming time of about 12 min. The study also provides recommendations on optimum cooking conditions, i.e., rice‐to‐water ratio, for the variably parboiled rice samples.