硅双结型颜色传感器的研究

硅双结型色敏器件的短路电流比与入射光波长存在线性关系,双结型色敏器件与合理设计的信号处理电路组成的颜色传感器对单色光波长以及颜色差别有良好的分辨能力。     

弱化温湿度变化对气敏传感器影响的方法探究

金属氧化物气敏传感器可以实时检测识别化学气体成分,对不同化学气体成分敏感的传感器组成气敏传感器阵列,可以有效识别多种气味,进一步识别散发气味的物体及物体的状态。相比传统的化学试剂分析方法,气敏传感器阵列具有实时性、高可用性、高性价比等优点。金属氧化物气敏传感器的性能会受到温度、湿度的影响导致传感器输出值波动,对气敏传感器阵列正确识别气味产生干扰。利用温度、湿度与传感器输出值之间的能带关系构建能带模型,通过模型拟合实时温湿度及其变化对传感器输出值产生的影响偏差序列,利用计算得到的偏差值序列校正传感器输出数据,达到弱化传感器与温湿度相关性的目的。该方法应用于传感器数据采集过程后的数据预处理阶段,独立于构建完整气味识别系统中的数据建模过程。实验结果显示该方法有效增强了基于气敏传感器阵列构建的气味识别系统的目标识别率。     

动态CCD驱动电路的设计与实现

本文提出了一种新型线阵CCD驱动电路的设计方法。采用该方法,不改变系统工作主频就可以动态控制CCD光积分时间随着光源强度变化而变化，从而提高了系统精度，解决了CCD输出信号因环境影响引起的饱和失真和背景与物体无法分开的问题。此电路用可编程逻辑器件EPM7032C44实现，已将该方法应用于带钢纵切机组自动对中系统中,获得良好的效果。     

基于Z-力敏元件的测力研究

Z-力敏元件是一种新型的半导体器件,输出为与压力应变有一定对应关系的频率量,该器件具有分散性、非线性、温度特性、零点漂移等特性,须通过硬件或补偿软件才能实际应用。本文对Z-力敏元件的特性进行了研究,通过三次样条插值方法实现力敏元件的线性化,通过二次插值方法实现温度补偿,通过加载时重量突变编程锁定的方法解决零点漂移。实验表明,通过数字化补偿后Z-力敏元件可输出与被测压力应变成正比的线性输出,该研究为Z-力敏元件的实际应用奠定了基础。     

荧光防伪纤维检测仪的设计

针对荧光防伪纤维的荧光信号检测难题,提出一种用于测量荧光光谱信号的设计方案,设计一个基于微处理器PIC30F6014A的荧光防伪纤维检测仪。采取高灵敏度ILX554B作为光电探测器件,光源发出的光照射到被测物体上,由系统内部光路的分光光栅色散后经光电探测器件CCDILX554B转化为模拟电信号。采用单片机对CCDILX554B提供驱动时序,并分析了CCDILX554B的时序控制,该CCD输出的模拟信号经过ADS803E进行A/D转换,再经过IDT7204进行缓存,然后将采集到的数据由微处理器PIC30F6014A经串口传送到上位机处理。     

TiO_2SnO_2系新型湿敏元件的研制

本文提出了一种新型TiO_2-SnO_2系湿敏元件.文中介绍了该器件的主要结构工艺,对感湿机理进行了探讨,并研究其特性.研究结果表明,这种湿敏器件具有良好的湿敏特性,制造工艺简单、成本低等特点.     

矩形膜力敏器件的力学特性方程及设计举例

作者运用加权残量法求解了正方形、矩形膜片在周边固支边界条件下的压力-挠度关系式及应力分布公式,介绍了正方形、矩形膜片力敏器件的设计原则。最后结合实例,分析讨论了方形膜力敏器件的输出灵敏度及线性度。     

基于X型力敏器件的俯冲高度传感器

研制了一种基于X型力敏器件的飞机俯冲高度传感器 ,利用差分运算放大器解决了力敏器件定高度差小信号连续量输出存在的问题     

新型半导体酒敏器件的研究

<正> 本文介绍了一种新型的SnO_2半导体陶瓷烧结型乙醇敏感气敏元件,并就提高气敏器件分辨率进行了研究。 研制出的新型酒精敏感器件—MQY1。该器件对乙醇气体有很高的灵敏度,具有选择性好、性能稳定等优点。 该器件采用旁热式烧结工艺结构,以SnO_2     

单结晶体管磁敏特性的实验研究

由临界偏置下单结晶体管(UJT)组成的自激振荡器置于一交变磁场中时,如果两者的频率接近,则振荡器输出脉冲的幅度将急剧增加.实验结果说明,UJT这种磁敏特性远优于其它硅磁敏器件.本文讨论了UJT临界自振荡条件,以及在临界状态时磁敏机理.     

Improving UAV imaging quality by optical sensor fusion: an initial study

The most frequent application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) is to collect optical colour images from an area of interest. Thus, high spatial resolution colour images with high amount of signal to noise ratio (SNR) are of great importance in UAV applications. Currently, most UAVs use single sensor colour filter array (CFA) cameras for image collection, within which the Bayer-pattern sensors are the most frequently used ones. Due to the limitations of the CFAs, the quality (in terms of spatial resolution, SNR, and sharpness) of UAV colour images is not optimal. In this article, a sensor fusion solution is proposed to improve the quality of UAV imaging. In the proposed solution, a high-resolution colour (HRC) Bayer-pattern sensor is replaced by a dual camera set containing a panchromatic (Pan) sensor, with the same pixel size and a Bayer-pattern colour (or a four-band multi-spectral) sensor with larger pixel size; the resulting images of the dual camera set are then fused. The enlarged pixel size of the colour sensor provides a higher SNR for the cost of lower spatial resolution. However, the accompanied Pan sensor provides single band images with high SNR and high spatial resolution. Fusing the images of the dual camera set generates colour (or MS) images with high spatial resolution, SNR, and sharpness compensating for the major problems of the Bayer-pattern filters.

This replacement solution is initially tested in a laboratory experiment. The results of quality assessments show that the SNR is increased by 2–3 times, the sharpness is improved by around 2 times, and the spatial resolution is increased up to the level of the pan images, while the colour errors remained almost as low as the original colour images. In addition, image classification capability of the images is examined using two methods: Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood (ML). The results of image classification also confirmed around 20–40% increase in accuracy. Therefore, the proposed sensor fusion can be a good alternative for UAV colour sensors.     

一种新型的光纤色标传感器

本文介绍一种新型光电色标传感器。它与普通光电色标传感器不同，其光学系统由组合式同轴分布排列的光纤束构成。文中导出了反射光调制函数的数学表达式，并介绍两种结构的光纤色标传感器的检测原理。最后，分析了实际使用中于扰因素的影响及消除的措施。     

应用于无源RFID标签的BICMOS温度传感器

基于IBM 0.18μm SiGe BICMOS工艺,采用温度脉冲转换方式设计了一种应用于无源RFID标签的温度传感器。与绝对温度呈正比(PTAT)的电流源和电流饥饿环型振荡器产生频率与温度呈正相关的振荡信号,作为计数器的时钟信号;用数字模块对接收的帧头代码进行处理得到一个宽度为200μs的脉冲信号,作为计数器的使能信号;利用时域数字量化方式就可以得到不同温度下的数字信号。温度传感器总面积为0.03 mm2,温度在-100~120℃范围内变化时,振荡器输出频率范围由800 kHz~1.8 MHz。在1.8 V电源电压下,温度传感器平均输出电流约为13μA,芯片测试结果的有效分辨率可以达到0.864 LSB/℃。     

Unexpected properties and optimum-distributed sensor detectors fordependent observation cases

Optimum-distributed signal detection system design is studied for cases with statistically dependent observations from sensor to sensor. The common parallel architecture is assumed. Here, each sensor sends a decision to a fusion center that determines a final binary decision using a nonrandomized fusion rule. General L sensor cases are considered. A discretized iterative algorithm is suggested that can provide approximate solutions to the necessary conditions for optimum distributed sensor decision rules under a fixed fusion rule. The algorithm is shown to converge in a finite number of iterations, and the solutions obtained are shown to approach the solutions to the original problem, without discretization, as the variable step size shrinks to zero. In the formulation, both binary and multiple-bit sensor decisions cases are considered. Illustrative numerical examples are presented for two-, three-, and four-sensor cases, in which a common random Gaussian signal is to be detected in Gaussian noise     

Coloured object recognition using invariant spectral features

A new algorithm using invariant spectral features for segmenting colour images is presented in this paper. Input data are three primary images obtained from a colour sensor. The input colour image is transformed to IHS (Intensity, Hue, Saturation) colour space. This colour space transform compensates for illumination variations and delivers image pixel values with low variance for individual colour regions, hence contributing to simplified segmentation. The hue and saturation images are then separately filtered and combined. The resulting image is segmented by means of a threshold process. An opening operation on the segmented image completes the algorithm. Experimental results obtained for several images are presented. Issues related to illumination and sensors are also addressed.     

用于WSNs目标探测的传感模块设计

介绍了一种用于无线传感器网络（WSNs）中进行目标探测的传感器模块,描述了它的软硬件设计与数据处理的算法。该设计主要包括传感器单元、微处理器单元和射频通信单元。在传感器单元中对于外界目标的振动、声音和温度传感器信号进行了采集。在微处理器单元中使用数字信号处理对数据进行预处理并取得信号的特征值。在射频通信单元中将特征值通过WSNs传输到上位机。实验证明：该模块具有良好的稳定性和重复性,可以用于多种环境下的目标探测。     

Highly sensitive micromachined capacitive pressure sensor with reduced hysteresis and low parasitic capacitance

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a capacitive pressure sensor that has a large capacitance signal and a high sensitivity of 76 pF/bar in touch mode operation. Due to the large signal, problems with parasitic capacitances are avoided and hence it is possible to integrate the sensor with a discrete components electronics circuit for signal conditioning. Using an AC bridge electronics circuit a resolution of 8 mV/mbar is achieved. The large signal is obtained due to a novel membrane structure utilizing closely packed hexagonal elements. The sensor is fabricated in a process based on fusion bonding to create vacuum cavities. The exposed part of the sensor is perfectly flat such that it can be coated with corrosion resistant thin films. Hysteresis is an inherent problem in touch mode capacitive pressure sensors and a technique to significantly reduce it is presented.     

Multifunctional optical proximity sensor using phase modulation

A proximity sensor is defined as the noncontact sensor of end-effector, and is one of the most important sensors for robot control. This paper deals with a new type of proximity sensor which has the capability of measuring spatial information, such as gap distance, inclination angles, and the angular positions of object particles. The measuring principle of the sensor is based on the phase shift of a modulated light signal. For this purpose, six light sources are placed on a cross-shaped pattern that is centered by a photodetector, and the power of light sources are modulated by different phase sine wave signals. The distance and angles can be measured by investigating the received phase information at the predetermined emitting pattern. By experimental measurement, the characteristics of this sensor are obtained and the effectiveness of the sensor is confirmed.     

一种本安型有水信号传感器设计

为了在恶劣的舱底环境下安全、可靠地检出船舶进水情况,设计了一种本安型有水信号传感器。根据船舶应用的特点和传感器的工作环境,确定传感器类型和防爆形式,并设计传感器外形。根据传感器的物理特性和工作特性,计算传感器参数,并进行本质性能评定。试验验证表明:设计参数与实测值基本一致,可满足船舶蓄电池舱防爆等级的要求。该传感器已经广泛应用于各型船舶,并取得了良好的效果。     

一种带湿敏元件的射频识别标签

提出了一种解决湿度传感器与射频识别(RFID)标签集成问题的新的设计方案。该方案中,湿敏元件与RFID标签的天线形成并联结构,在湿敏元件与RFID标签芯片的连接线路上有一个控制通断的逻辑开关。本方案将传感器的部分功能转移到RFID阅读器上并削减了传感器的部分元件,降低了现有方案的生产成本;以逻辑开关断开时的信号强度作为参考值,解决了湿度检测过程中的定标问题;利用射频模块对能量的耦合转换,从而使整个设计方案不再需要持续的外部电源提供能量。通过实验得到的相关数据,也证明了本方案的可行性。