热压烧结制备BN陶瓷复合材料的研究进展

介绍了利用热压烧结制备h-BN复合陶瓷的工艺过程和致密化过程,分析了Al N/BN、Si3N4/BN和SiC/BN复合陶瓷在力学性能、耐热性能、加工性能和介电性能方面的影响因素,最后对BN复合陶瓷的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

SiCp/Fe复合材料电流烧结工艺及性能研究

研究了一种电流加热动态热压烧结工艺,并研制了相应的设备.采用此工艺对颗粒增强铁基复合材料进行了制备研究.比较了普通粉末冶金和此工艺所制备的SiCp/Fe复合材料的性能以及此工艺中模具的不同对材料性能的影响,结合显微组织观察对此工艺的烧结机理进行了讨论.结果表明:采用陶瓷模具进行电流动态热压烧结,对材料性能提高显著,能在短时间内制备出满足实际应用要求的铁基复合材料,材料组织细小均匀.     

热压烧结P型碲化铋基热电材料的显微组织与性能

为克服目前市售单晶产品加工性能差、取向性高等问题,以高纯单质Te、Bi和Sb为原料,采用熔炼-冷淬-粉碎-热压工艺制备P型碲化铋基热电材料;用氧氮分析仪、粒度分析仪对热压烧结前粉料的氧含量和粒度进行了测定,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对烧结块体沿不同方向的微观形貌、物相结构进行了表征。不同方向的热电性能测试结果显示,热压工艺制备的P型碲化铋基热电材料在不同方向上的塞贝克系数和ZT值基本相同,但电阻率和热导率有不同程度的取向;与市售区熔单晶相比,取向度明显降低,最终样品的相对密度高达99%,且最高ZT值为1.02。该热压烧结工艺的生产设备简单、生产成本低、工作效率高,适合推广至工业化规模生产。     

碳化硅材料在有色冶金领域的应用研究

基于碳化硅的原料特点,分析了反应烧结、热压烧结、无压烧结、热等静压烧结碳化硅陶瓷的工艺特点和物性参数,介绍了碳化硅材料在有色冶金领域的传统应用及新应用情况。     

SiCp/Al基复合材料制备工艺的正交优化设计

本文利用热压烧结技术制备了性能优良的SiC-5%(体积分数)Al基复合材料.工艺参数主要包括烧结温度、轴向压力、高温保压时间等,对这些参数和材料性能之间的关系进行了探讨.为了研究不同的烧结温度、压力和高温保压时间对材料致密度的影响,设计了一个三因素、四水平的正交试验.结果表明,SiC-5%Al基复合材料的最佳工艺参数为烧结温度600℃、高温压力70 MPa、保压时间7 min.     

制备工艺对碳化硼陶瓷性能的影响

以活性炭和碳化硅为烧结助剂,采用真空热压工艺,制备了碳化硼陶瓷材料.研究了真空热压工艺、烧结助剂对碳化硼陶瓷性能及断口的影响,结果表明,以活性炭和碳化硅为烧结助剂的碳化硼陶瓷随热压压力增加,开口孔隙度减小,相对密度和抗弯强度增加.添加活性炭的碳化硼陶瓷在热压压力为35MPa下,开口孔隙度有最小值(1.7%),相对密度(91.7%)和抗弯强度(277.6MPa)达最大值;以碳化硅为烧结助剂的碳化硼陶瓷在热压压力为30MPa下,开口孔隙度有最小值(0.66%),相对密度(91.9%)和抗弯强度(173.6MPa)达最大值.添加活性炭的碳化硼陶瓷随保温时间由30min增加到90min,开口孔隙度逐渐减小而相对密度逐渐增加(90min时分别达到0.19%、99.6%),抗弯强度先增加后减小,在保温时间为60min时抗弯强度达到最大值(351.7MPa).在相同的真空热压工艺下,添加活性炭的碳化硼陶瓷与添加碳化硅的碳化硼陶瓷相比,其开口孔隙度低,抗弯强度高.初步探讨了真空热压工艺以及添加剂促进碳化硼陶瓷烧结的机理.     

高强度氧化钪陶瓷的制备技术研究

采用纯度4N以上(纯度99.99%)的Sc_2O_3为原料,分别通过真空烧结、热压烧结、热压预烧结和热等静压烧结相结合的方法制备了Sc_2O_3陶瓷。分别采用阿基米德法、扫描电镜(SEM)和万能试验机等对上述3种方法制备的Sc_2O_3陶瓷的密度、抗压强度和微观形貌进行分析。研究结果表明:通过真空烧结制备的Sc_2O_3陶瓷密度高达3.80 g·cm-3,抗压强度为460 MPa;利用热压烧结制备的Sc_2O_3陶瓷密度为3.72 g·cm-3,抗压强度为1100 MPa;通过热压预烧结和热等静压烧结相结合制备的Sc_2O_3陶瓷密度为3.84 g·cm-3,抗压强度高达1900MPa。在提高Sc_2O_3陶瓷密度的前提下,减小烧结体的晶粒可以显著提高其抗压强度。因此,采用热压预烧结和热等静压烧结相结合制备的Sc_2O_3陶瓷可以满足特殊使用的要求。     

氩气雾化法制备高温合金粉末用陶瓷喷嘴的研究

陶瓷喷嘴是氩气雾化法制备高温合金粉末装置的关键部件之一。为改善喷嘴的性能和降低合金粉末中的非金属夹杂,对喷嘴的结构和选材进行了研究。根据喷嘴的使用条件,在Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-TiO_2系材料中进行了选材。本文对不同工艺制备的喷嘴性能和使用效果进行了对比试验。结果表明:①Al_2O_3-ZrO_2系中引入微量TiO_2(<1％wt),可促进材料的烧结。②Al_2O_3或Al_2O_3-TiO_2系中引入细分散的ZrO_2(<1μm),将由于ZrO_2的马氏体相变,使基体产生裂纹,从而改善韧性。③在Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-TiO_2:系或Al_2O_3-ZrO_2系中,ZrO_2含量为20％wt时,抗热震性能最佳。④Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-TiO_2系喷嘴的使用效果,超过国外引进的Al_2O_3基喷嘴。     

BN/Cu复合材料摩擦磨损性能与磨损机制研究

通过直流辅助热压烧结制备了氮化硼（BN）颗粒添加量为0.4%～1.2%（质量分数）的BN/Cu复合材料,采用立式销盘摩擦磨损试验机对其进行耐磨性检测,使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征材料磨损前后的表面形貌,同时分析了BN颗粒添加量对复合材料物理性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明：直流辅助热压烧结制备的复合材料致密度均可达到96%以上,导电率可达80%IACS以上。添加适量的BN颗粒,可以极大提升复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。当BN颗粒的添加量为0.8%时,由于摩擦过程中有润滑膜产生,复合材料的摩擦系数最为稳定,且摩擦磨损性能较为优异,主要由磨粒磨损和轻微的黏着磨损共同作用。     

耐磨粒子和活化烧结剂对铜合金动密封材料的力学和摩擦磨损性能的影响

本文用热压工艺制造了一种铜合金基动密封材料。研究了耐磨粒子和活化烧结剂的含量对其机械性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响 ,并且观察了其显微组织。试验结果表明 ,随着耐磨粒子和活化烧结剂的增加 ,机械性能随之提高 ;活化烧结剂改善了烧结性能 ,降低了材料的孔隙度 ;耐磨粒子的加入使耐磨性能增加一倍     

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient in Press Hardening

When producing thin ultra high strength steel components with the press hardening process, it is essential that the final component achieves desirable material properties. This applies in particular to passive automotive safety components where it is of great importance to accurately predict the final component properties early in the product development process. The transfer of heat is a key process that affects the evolution of the mechanical properties in the product and it is essential that the thermal contact conditions between the blank and tool are properly described in the forming simulations. In this study an experimental setup is developed combined with an elementary inverse simulation approach to predict the interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) when the hot blank and cold tool are in mechanical contact. Different process conditions such as contact pressure and blank material (22MnB5 and Usibor 1500P) are investigated. In the inverse simulation, a thermo‐mechanical coupled simulation model is used with a thermo‐elastic‐plastic constitutive model including effects from changes in the microstructure during quenching. The results from simulations give the variations of the heat transfer coefficient in time for best match to experimental results. It is found that the pressure dependence for the two materials is different and the heat transfer coefficient is varying during quenching. This information together with further testing will be used as a base in a future model of the heat transfer coefficient influence at different conditions in press hardening process.     

Influence of Hot Press Forming Techniques on Properties of Vehicle High Strength Steels

  Based on the combination of materials science and mechanical engineering, hot press forming process of the vehicle high strength steels was analyzed. The hot forming process included: heating alloys rapidly to austenite microstructures, stamping and cooling timely, maintaining pressure and quenching. The results showed that most of austenite microstructure was changed into uniform martensite by the hot press forming while the samples were heated at 900 ℃ and quenched. The optimal tensile strength and yield strength were up to 1530 MPa and 1000 MPa, respectively, and the shape deformation reached about 23%. And springback defect did not happen in the samples.     

Study of TRIP-Aided Bainitic Ferritic Steels Produced by Hot Press Forming

A study is reported to produce high strength ductile steels by controlled cooling following hot press forming, instead of quenching, as is practiced in the traditional press hardened steels. Heat treatments of several specially designed low carbon steels were carried out by interrupting the fast cooling from the austenization temperature at temperatures between T ₀ and Ms and then cooling in controlled rates to room temperature. The effect of the interrupt temperature and the cooling rate afterward on the microstructures and tensile properties was studied. The microstructures were characterized using dilatometry, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and TEM. A multi-phase microstructure including bainite, martensite, and retained austenite was obtained in the simulated hot press forming process. Volume fraction bainite was found to increase with an increase in interrupt temperature and a decrease in cooling rate. Structure–property correlations of the studied steels heat treated at different conditions were developed. Improved tensile properties were obtained by controlling the interrupt temperature and cooling rate which produced an optimum bainite content of 60 to 75 pct and retained austenite. Unfortunately, the bainite in the simulated samples was not completely carbide free even though the steels contained about 1.6 wt pct of Si.     

不锈钢带连续退火炉冷却系统工艺分析

介绍了不锈钢带水平悬索式连续退火炉冷却系统的工艺与应用,并对某新建热轧不锈钢退火炉的冷却段进行了分析,包括初冷段、终冷段喷头的布置及影响冷却效果的因素,探讨喷水冷却系统的应用。     

添加Al2O3--ZrO2复合粉改性氧化锆质定径水口及其损毁机理

通过添加溶胶-凝胶法制备的Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复合粉,对陶瓷型和颗粒型氧化锆质定径水口进行改性.对比研究了陶瓷型和颗粒型定径水口改性前后物理性能,矿物相组成和显微结构的变化,并通过现场连铸实验对四种定径水口损毁机理进行了探讨.结果表明:相较于颗粒型定径水口,陶瓷型定径水口的显气孔率较低,体积密度和耐压强度较高,热震稳定性较差,抗侵蚀和冲刷性能较好.通过添加Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复合粉改性后的定径水口显气孔率降低,体积密度增加,耐压强度提高,颗粒型定径水口的热震稳定性有了较大的提升,热震次数约为改性前的1.5倍以上.通过对连铸现场实际使用35 h后的残样分析发现,陶瓷型水口损毁主要是由于热震稳定性差导致使用时发生炸裂,炸裂产生的裂纹引起一定程度的剥落和扩径.未改性颗粒型定径水口由于强度低和显气孔率高,剥落和扩径更为严重,添加Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复合粉改性后生成的镁铝尖晶石增强相大幅度提高了颗粒水口的热震稳定性和抗冲刷侵蚀性能,连铸现场使用后几乎未扩径.      

超薄规格钢板淬火的板型控制研究

在超薄规格钢板的淬火过程中,根据淬火后钢板板型的总体变化规律,研究了其淬火板型的控制机理和控制技术。结果表明,对于超薄规格钢板,淬火机设备在安装或校准的过程中,不仅要确保喷嘴精度,即钢板上下面冷却速度相同,而且要保证下喷嘴喷射角度有一定的负偏差,即喷嘴的喷水交叉线和钢板的上下面中心线三线重合,才能实现钢板上下面同步相变。该板型控制机理成功应用于淬火机设备的调整和校正,配以合理的淬火工艺参数,超薄规格钢板淬火后的板型不平度稳定在可控范围内。     

新超导材料的制法

介绍了Nb_3Al,Nb_3Sn,V_3Ga,Nb_3(Al,Ge)等化合物用急冷法、高能电子束照射法的制造工艺。对氧化物陶瓷超导材料的粉冶法也作了阐述。     

Thixoforging of Steel Using Ceramic Tool Materials

Today thixoforming processes are mainly established in the production of parts made of aluminium alloys. Compared to high melting alloys the process temperature is low and thus the process is easier to handle. Because of process temperatures up to 1470°C thixoforming of steels demands a sophisticated process control and adapted tool materials. In this field there is still a large need for research. This paper deals with experiences made at the IFUM concerning the thixoforging of steel. The use of ceramic tool materials for thixoforging of steel is presented. For this purpose hybrid dies where a ceramic insert is prestressed with a hot working steel shrink ring as well as different stamp geometries were developed and built up. Different ceramic materials from Si₃N₄ to ZrSiO₄ were tested and evaluated. To prevent an unwanted cooling and oxidation of the slug during its transfer, the transfer is carried out encapsulated in high temperature resistant crucibles that can provide a protective atmosphere. The suitability (e.g. thermo shock resistance) of different materials for the use as transport crucibles was also subject of this research work. The forming experiments were carried out with the institute's hydraulic press. The process logic controller of this press offers the appropriate flexibility and various control modes needed for a sophisticated and reproducible filling of the die. In this way the die filling process of different steels can be tested.     

安钢100 t电炉流程降低钢中氮含量生产实践

介绍了安钢第一炼轧厂100 t电炉(FSF)流程生产降低氮含量的生产工艺实践,包括电炉兑铁水技术、喷碳造泡沫渣、终点碳控制、出钢氮含量控制;LF还原气氛、造好白渣、埋弧操作;连铸钢包长水口及氩封等设备及工艺操作控制等,通过这些措施的实施取得了一定的效果。     

A Review of the Physical Metallurgy related to the Hot Press Forming of Advanced High Strength Steel

The automotive industry requirements for vehicle weight reduction, weight containment, improved part functionality and passenger safety have resulted in the increased use of steel grades with a fully martensitic microstructure. These steel grades are essential to improve the anti‐intrusion resistance of automotive body parts and the related passenger safety during car collisions. Standard advanced high strength steel (AHSS) grades are notoriously difficult to be press formed; they are characterized by elastic springback, poor stretch flangeability and low hole expansion ratios. Hot press forming has therefore received much attention recently as an alternative technology to produce AHSS automotive parts. In this contribution, the physical metallurgy principles of the hot press forming process are reviewed. The effect of composition on CCT curves of standard CMnB hot press forming steels is discussed taking the deformation during press forming into account. Furthermore,the effect of the static strain ageing processes occurring during the paint baking cycle on the in‐service mechanical properties of press hardened steel will be presented. The influence of temperate and strain rate on the flow stress during press forming and the final room temperature mechanical properties will be discuss ed. Moreover, the issues related to coatings on B‐alloyed CMn hot press forming steel will be critically reviewed. In particular the combined effects of thermal cycle and deformation on the degradation of the Al‐10%Si coating will be discussed in detail. Finally, the properties of both Al‐based and Zn‐based coating systems are compared, and the possibility of the formation of a diffusion barrier during press forming is discussed.