Prognosis and management of borderline tumours of the ovary

Essential trace elements have various functional roles in the body. In the present study, we focus on the mechanism of absorption, transport, storage and excretion of trace elements. Essential trace elements are mainly absorbed from the gastrointestinal lumen by passive diffusion or by specialized transport systems and transported to various organs via blood plasma. Essential trace elements are differently distributed in the body. The difference is due to the absorption-excretion systems and a functional role in each organ. The most important excretory pathways for essential trace elements are gastrointestinal and renal ones. We discuss more about the dynamics of essential trace elements in the body.     

Bone mineral density and survival of elements and element portions in the bones of the Crow Creek massacre victims

The interpretation of archaeologically-derived skeletal series is dependent on the elements and portions of elements preserved for examination. Bone and bone portion survival is affected by factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the elements themselves, that influence deterioration and preservation. Among the intrinsic variables, the density of the element and element portion are particularly important with respect to the degree of preservation. Recently reported bone mineral density values from a contemporary human sample are compared to the survival of prehistoric limb bones of the Crow Creek specimens, a fourteenth-century massacre skeletal series. The contemporary density values are positively correlated with Crow Creek element and element portion survival. Two calculations of bone mineral density, however, are more closely related to preservation than a third. Such density information has implications for assessing minimum number of elements and individuals and documenting taphonomic processes.     

Effect of Alloying on the Strength Properties and the Hardening Mechanisms of Nitrogen-Bearing Austenitic Steels after Hot Deformation and Annealing

The main mechanisms of hardening nitrogen-bearing austenitic steels that operate under various thermomechanical treatment conditions at various steel compositions are considered. The strength properties of the steels are shown to depend on the content of interstitial elements, namely, carbon and nitrogen, and the influence of these elements on the stacking fault energy is estimated. The ratios of the main alloying elements that favor an increase or a decrease in the stacking fault energy are found to achieve the desirable level of strain hardening provided that an austenitic structure of steel is retained.     

Relationship between the electronic structures and electrophysical properties of nitrides

Conclusions From the point of view of electronic properties, nitrides occupy an intermediate position between carbides and oxides. The main difference between the nitrides of s-p elements and the nitrides of d elements is that, with the latter, metallic states (especially d states) predominate in the upper parts of spectra. It is because of their characteristic electronic energy spectra that the nitrides of s-p elements possess semicon-ducting properties and that the properties of metals and semimetals manifest themselves in the nitrides of d elements. Series such as scandium nitride-titanium nitride are characterized by definite changes in properties from semimetallic to metallic.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 3(219), pp. 73–76, March, 1981.     

Plant transposable elements and the genome

Transposable elements are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and share many common features, both structural and mechanistic, with mobile elements from other eukaryotes. Transposition of these elements can influence plant genes and genomes in many ways. It is also becoming clear that transposable element derived sequences can be a major component of plant genomes. These sequences are probably, therefore, very significant factors in plant evolution.     

长春市双阳区矿山主采矿层的微量元素特征分析

长春市双阳区矿山主采矿层受到来自侏罗纪时期的矿物侵入,影响了矿层性质以及微量元素富集赋存状态。本次研究主要基于ICP-MS测得的微量元素数据,结合研究区域矿物特征,分析矿物蚀变过程中的微量元素的变化情况,结果表明,矿层中轻微富集Ga、Rb、Sr、Ba、W、Hg元素,稀土元素的配分模式与岩浆侵入有着密不可分的联系。主采矿层中不同微量元素显示出不同的亲和性质,Ba、Hg元素在主采层中含量较大,其他微量元素相对比较稳定。     

The role of CA3 and CA1 in the acquisition of an object-trace-place paired-associate task.

The hippocampus mediates associative learning involving spatial and temporal information. Specifically, paired associations in which a trace interval separates the elements appear to be associated within CA1. In contrast, CA3 appears to be involved in associations containing spatial elements. This suggests that CA3, but not CA1, is involved as long as the spatial association does not contain temporal elements; conversely, CA1 is involved when a temporal element is included, regardless of whether there are spatial elements present. In the present study, rats were run on an object-trace-place paired-associate learning paradigm. Rats with CA3 as well as rats with CA1 lesions showed deficits in the acquisition of this task. These results suggest that CA1 is involved in making arbitrary associations involving a temporal (trace) element, whereas CA3 is involved in making associations that involve spatial elements; furthermore, CA1 and CA3 interact in the presence of both spatial and temporal information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factors influencing the recall of elements in maps and diagrams and the strategies used to encode them.

Examined the effects of varying the familiarity and number of elements in maps and diagrams, the way they were represented, and subjects' ability on recall of the locations and names of the elements. One hundred and seventy-eight high school students studied maps and diagrams in which elements were shown either as labeled drawings or squares. Subjects either had to recall the names or the locations of the elements. Low-ability subjects recalled less when they saw squares than when they saw drawings. There was no difference for high-ability subjects. Familiarity and the form in which elements were presented affected the encoding strategies subjects reported using. High-ability subjects tended to use more helpful strategies than low-ability subjects. There was some evidence that differences in performance accompanied the selection of helpful or nonhelpful strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of Edge Stiffening and Diaphragms on the Reliability of Bridge Girders

Secondary elements such as barriers, sidewalks, and diaphragms may affect the distribution of live load to bridge girders. The objective of this study is to evaluate their effect on girder reliability if these elements are designed to be sufficiently attached to the bridge so as not to detach under traffic live loads. Simple-span, two-lane structures are considered, with composite steel girders supporting a reinforced concrete deck. Several representative structures are selected, with various configurations of barriers, sidewalks, and diaphragms. Bridge analysis is performed using a finite-element procedure. Load and resistance parameters are treated as random variables. Random variables considered are composite girder flexural strength, secondary element stiffness, load magnitude (dead load and truck traffic live load), and live load position. It was found that typical combinations of secondary elements have a varying influence on girder reliability, depending on secondary element stiffness and bridge geometry. Suggestions are presented that can account for secondary elements and that provide a uniform level of reliability to bridge girders.     

Our heritage of the elements

The role of our heritage of chemical elements, natural and man-made, in determining our accomplishments throughout our history will be described. From the Stone Age, to the beginning of the recent era of understanding of their nature and until the present, mastery of the utilization of the elements has determined the destiny of nations." Whereas even a century ago all but a handful of the elements were mere chemical curiosities, almost all of this great heritage is beginning to be put to use. Today, with our advanced state of knowledge and the incentive of continuing our creative evolution of remaking and fully utilizing our environment, we have sufficient perspective to appreciate just how rich and important is our legacy of the chemical elements. And when the broad, rich, complex spectrum of properties of the pure elements falls short of our needs, we find that we can obtain an enormous variety of properties by combining or mixing them or synthesizing new elements using the Periodic Table as a guiding principle. Our future progress and well being will depend in large part on learning more about the chemical elements and their combinations. These new frontiers continue to be frontiers of the mind.     

Our heritage of the elements

The role of our heritage of chemical elements, natural and man-made, in determining our accomplishments throughout our history will be described. From the Stone Age, to the beginning of the recent era of understanding of their nature and until the present, mastery of the utilization of the elements has determined the destiny of nations. Whereas even a century ago all but a handful of the elements were mere chemical curiosities, almost all of this great heritage is beginning to be put to use. Today, with our advanced state of knowledge and the incentive of continuing our creative evolution of remaking and fully utilizing our environment, we have sufficient perspective to appreciate just how rich and important is our legacy of the chemical elements. And when the broad, rich, complex spectrum of properties of the pure elements falls short of our needs, we find that we can obtain an enormous variety of properties by combining or mixing them or synthesizing new elements using the Periodic Table as a guiding principle. Our future progress and well being will depend in large part on learning more about the chemical elements and their combinations. These new frontiers continue to be frontiers of the mind.     

Effect of RE Elements on the Morphology of Carbides and the Impact Fatigue Properties of the Low Cr White Cast Iron

An apparatus of zone melting unidirectional solidification with a steep temperature gradient andan impact fatigue tester were used.The effect of RE elements on the morphology of carbides and the impactfatigue properties of the low Cr white cast iron were investigated.Experimental results showed that the modi-fying effect of RE elements was remarkable on the M3C carbides.With the addition of RE elements in thelow Cr iron,a lot of plate-like carbides were transformed into lath-like and rod-like ones.The higher thecontent of RE elements was,the more was the fraction of the lath-like and rod-like carbides.In the low Crwhite cast iron,the RE modifying agent can efficiently increase the impact fatigue resistance and decrease thecrack growth rate and delay the time of incipient cracking.With the increase of the content of RE elements inthe low Cr cast iron,the impact fatigue resistance increased greatly and the crack growth rate decreased rap-idly.     

Preattentive texture segmentation: the role of line terminations, size, and filter wavelength

The delta/[symbol: see text] texel pair represents a dilemma in texture discrimination because, despite having the same component orientations, discrimination is still possible (Julesz, 1981), showing a performance asymmetry. Other possible element properties that could influence this task are line terminations, closure, and the size of these elements. We found that line terminators are critical for the task; however, results from double-task experiments indicated that terminator-based discrimination requires the use of attention. When attention is not available for the task, "size" of the elements (with the [symbol: see text] considered slightly larger) seems to be critical for this discrimination and for the asymmetric performance. To generalize the concept of "size" to textures in general, further experiments were performed with textures of different-sized elements. Results showed, as past literature has indicated, that there is a performance asymmetry, with the larger of the elements being more visible when the foreground. This asymmetry was additionally shown to reverse itself (i.e., the smaller element became the more visible) as the scale of the elements increased (while interelement distance remained fixed). A filter analysis was developed in order to measure the apparent size of these elements within textures (texsize), defined as the response weighted average of the filter wavelength, lambda, for a group of elements. The calculation of lambda was attained by introducing a nonlinearity after the second stage of filtering (or spatial averaging of filter responses). This analysis showed high correlation between the texture with the larger lambda and the more visible texture. On the basis of this correlation, a wavelength-dependent noise is proposed, having more internal noise for low-spatial-frequency filters and less for high-spatial-frequency filters.     

Charting the Language of Leadership: A Methodological Investigation of President Bush and the Crisis of 9/11.

In many ways, leadership is a phenomenon that is ideally suited for new and inventive research methods. For researchers who seek to reliably study and systematically compare linguistically based elements of the leadership relationship, computerized content analysis has the potential to supplement, extend, and qualify existing leadership theory and practice. Through an examination of President Bush's rhetoric and the media coverage before and after the crisis of 9/11. the authors explore how elements of the President's speeches changed in response to the post-crisis environment. Using this example, the authors illustrate the process of computerized content analysis and many of its strengths and limitations, with the hope of facilitating future leadership research that uses this approach to explore important contextual and symbolic elements of the leadership relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

锂铷铯在空气-乙炔火焰中相互干扰的研究

阐述了锂铷铯在空气 -乙炔火焰中相互干扰的研究,原子吸收光谱法和火焰光度法测定锂铷铯的灵敏度相近,但碱金属元素熔点低 ,其空心阴极灯稳定性和使用寿命较差 ,故火焰光度法仍被广泛应用。     

Texture segregation and visual search: a comparison of the effects of random variations along irrelevant dimensions

The effects of irrelevant variations in the color and depth of elements on participants' ability to detect and discriminate elements defined by a difference in orientation were compared. Consistent with previous research, it was found that there was no effect or small effects if the targets were single elements in visual search tasks and that there were large effects for targets defined by several elements defining an area in visual segmentation tasks. It is suggested that the reason for the discrepancy between the 2 paradigms lies in the need for grouping processes in segmentation experiments. This notion was examined in 3 additional experiments that manipulated grouping processes through task demands and stimulus design. The data provide tentative support for this notion.     

稀土元素对高温钛合金组织和性能的影响

综述了稀土元素在高温钛合金中的作用。主要内容包括稀土元素在高温钛合金中的存在状态及稀土元素对高温钛合金组织、室温及高温性能的影响。归纳总结了稀土元素对高温合金性能影响的机理,并提出了含稀土元素的高温钛合金的设计原则,以期对以后高温钛合金的研究和设计提供帮助。