Analytical solution on vacuum consolidation of dredged slurry considering clogging effects

This paper aims to establish an analytical model on vacuum consolidation of dredged slurry treated by PVD with special considerations on the clogging effects. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted to characterize the temporal/spatial variations of the clogging zone and the vacuum pressure in soil. Based on the nonlinear relationship between the compressibility, the permeability and the void ratio (e-p and e-k curves), an analytical model incorporating the clogging zone was proposed and solved considering the nonlinear attenuation of the vacuum pressure. The solution was verified and validated by comparing with published data and field test results, respectively. Parametric studies reveal that the clogging significantly slows down the consolidation rate, and thus reduces the final degree of consolidation of the dredged slurry.     

A pilot test on a membraneless vacuum preloading method

A membraneless vacuum preloading method is proposed in this paper for soft soil improvement. The method offers several advantages over the conventional vacuum preloading in which membrane is used to create the airtight condition and sand blanket layer to distribute vacuum. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, a pilot test was conducted at a land reclamation site in Tianjin, China. The ground settlement and the pore water pressure (PWP) at different elevations in soil were measured. After vacuum preloading, the average water content of the soft soils reduced by approximately 12% and the undrained shear strength increased twofold. The average degree of consolidation at the end of the vacuum preloading achieved 85.1% based on the settlement data and 84.5% based on the PWP data. The pilot test data have shown that the proposed method exhibits similar efficiencies to the conventional vacuum preloading method.     

Pilot tests on vacuum preloading method combined with short and long PVDs

Dredged marine clay has been widely used as a filling material for land reclamation in China. The difficulty of using the vacuum preloading method to improve the dredged marine clay together with the bottom sediment clay is the different spacing requirement of the PVDs. To solve this problem, the Vacuum Preloading method combined with the Short and Long PVDs (VPSL) is proposed in this paper. The short PVDs are installed only into the dredged marine clay layer in-between the long PVDs which are installed through the whole clay layer. Pilot tests are also conducted at a land reclamation site in Tianjin, China, to investigate the performance of the proposed method. The ground settlement, the applied vacuum pressure and the pore water pressure in the soil are monitored during the pilot tests. The average degrees of consolidation are calculated based on the monitored settlement and pore pressure data. It is found that the proposed VPSL method is more effective for improving top dredged clay together with the bottom sediment clay than the conventional vacuum preloading method. The vane shear strength profiles of soil layers after ground improvement also show that the VPSL method is more effective to achieve a uniform soil strength profile.     

真空预压与堆载预压加固软基的微观效果评价

本文以某高速公路路基软土为研究对象,在地质条件相近的、不同试验路段的软基加固方法（堆载预压、真空预压、真空．堆载联合预压）前后（加固时间达到3个月）,工程单位分别进行了原位试验并采取软土样,开展了室内物理力学试验。结合工程单位所取的软土样进行了软土的微观结构试验,在试验的基础上,获得了软土在天然状态以及3种不同工况下的微结构图像,通过对图像处理得到加固前后的微结构特征参数。研究得出：在工程地质条件相近以及加固时间相同的情况下,无论是从宏观、微观结构,还是从固结过程和强度的增长上来看,3种工况的加固效果依次为：堆载预压→真空预压→真空．堆载联合预压。     

真空预压法在某软基处理中的应用

结合沿海地区某软土地基处理工程,综合对比了预压固结法中不同的加压系统和排水系统的优缺点,并重点介绍了真空排水预压法的材料选择及施工工艺,为同类软基处理工程提供指导。     

Effect of vacuum removal on consolidation settlement under a combined vacuum and surcharge preloading

The combined vacuum and surcharge preloading technique is extensively used to accelerate the consolidation process of subsoils. The effect of vacuum pressure is often considered as a loading/unloading cycle of mean effective stress, such that elastic rebound occurs after vacuum removal, which cannot explain the observed postconstruction settlement in the field. In this study, the stress state of subsoils subject to vacuum and surcharge preloading is analyzed and decomposed into two components: (a) geostatic consolidation at a different depth, and (b) loading/unloading in the minor principal stress direction. A series of consolidated drained triaxial tests is conducted to simulate the soil behaviour after vacuum removal. Results show that the contribution of unloading in the minor principal stress direction outweighs the magnitude of elastic rebound after vacuum removal, and hence continued settlement dominates. A field case for highways is provided to further demonstrate the proposed mechanism.     

真空预压法处理疏浚吹填土软基的监测与环境影响分析

以天津港东疆围海造地形成的疏浚吹填软土地基加固工程为例,阐述了真空预压法加固疏浚吹填软土地基的加固机理,对现场的监测数据进行了成果分析,指出软基加固过程中不仅加固区域内土体变形明显,而且对周边环境影响显著,对周边的环境存在着危害。疏浚吹填土地基土体加固时会产生不均匀沉降和侧向位移,土体的这种复杂变形会造成加固区周边管线破坏和构筑物裂缝的发展,应该对其影响进行实时监测,采取必要的防护措施。     

基于弹性法真空预压沉降计算的探讨

以弹性理论为基础,探讨了立足于真空预压加固机理的变形计算方法,推导出奇异积分的处理方法,并通过算例Matlab编程验证弹性法在真空预压沉降计算中的可行性,以便形成荷载附加系数的表格,方便工程中直接查表使用。     

快速真空预压结合强夯法的现场试验研究

结合珠海某软基工程,采用快速真空预压结合强夯法进行软基处理。现场试验结果表明,加固后软土物理力学性质明显得到改良,软土强度得到较大提高,地基承载力试验结果满足设计要求,地基加固效果良好,对类似工程具有一定的指导意义。     

Laboratory tests of electro-osmotic consolidation combined with vacuum preloading on kaolinite using electrokinetic geosynthetics

Laboratory tests were conducted on kaolinite to investigate the effectiveness of electro-osmotic consolidation combined with vacuum preloading using electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKG). The results showed that the combined method could remove more water and induce larger surface ground settlements compared with the traditional vacuum preloading or electro-osmotic consolidation. Vacuum preloading was quite effective during the first 4?h, though the electro-osmotic consolidation took a main role in dewatering process after 9?h. The combined method could also hinder the development of cracks, induce higher negative pore water pressure and hence increase the efficiency of electro-osmotic consolidation. The results showed that deep electro-osmotic consolidation technique combined with vacuum preloading could result in significant water removal efficiency along with shorter electrode length. Furthermore, both electro-osmotic consolidation and the combined method could consolidate the soil efficiently with low energy consumption.     

太仓煤堆场软黏土地基堆载预压处理效果分析

采用塑料排水板堆载预压法对太仓煤堆场吹填土地基进行了加固处理,根据现场监测数据,分析了软土地基在堆载预压条件下的沉降和超静孔隙水压力的变化规律。研究结果表明:实测沉降—时间曲线与采用Logistic模型拟合得到的沉降—时间曲线较为吻合;塑料排水板插板深度范围内的各层地基土均发生了排水固结,而且地面以下占排水板总长度四分之三深度范围内的加固效果最佳。通过反演实测沉降曲线,得到了场地地基土径向固结系数平均值;最后对地基固结性状进行了分析,分析表明,本场地采用塑料排水板堆载预压法加固地基是有效的,研究成果可为后续工程地基处理设计提供可靠的设计依据。     

软土地基处理试验研究

进行塑料排水板施工后,通过原位测试试验,从水位变化、孔隙水压力、地基强度等方面进行塑料排水板施工前后的比较,对后续大面积箱涵地基处理提供可靠的施工依据,保证工程质量。     

真空预压处理广州南沙区软基的加固深度探讨

通过对真空预压法处理软土地基有效加固深度的研究现状分析和工程实例中真空预压表层沉降、分层沉降和孔隙水压力现场监测的分析,找出在真空压力作用下加固效果随时间和深度的变化规律,并总结了该工程真空预压法处理软土地基的有效加固深度,进而提出在南沙地区处理深层软土地基的建议。     

真空预压法加固软基施工工艺及其改进

介绍了真空预压法包括的排水系统、抽真空系统及密封系统三方面的施工工艺，并提出了一些改进建议，以应对工程地质条件复杂的各种地基情况。     

新近吹填土的真空动力固结加固效果试验研究

真空动力固结法将强夯技术和真空降排水技术有机结合起来,利用真空降水技术对土体进行有效预压,同时利用真空排水技术加速强夯过程中超静孔隙水压力消散和孔隙水排出,提高土体强度、降低压缩性、改善砂土抗液化条件。真空动力固结法目前国内外应用研究比较少,不能简单套用已有的动力固结经验,须通过现场试验研究以完善设计方法和施工工艺。针对某工业基地新近吹填完成的大面积淤质粉细砂土,采用真空动力固结法进行地基处理试验研究并获得成功,产生了显著的技术经济效果,为后续大面积处理施工提供了决策依据及工程经验,可供类似吹填造地工程参考。     

加固场地对真空预压效果评价方法的讨论

介绍了加固场地对真空预压加固效果的重要性,讨论了目前常用的三种影响系数,并通过对工程数据的对比分析,提出使用影响系数γ对加固面积、形状和强度进行评价的建议,以使加固效果的评价更加合理。     

真空预压复合土钉支护在软土基坑中的运用研究

土钉墙以其众多优点广泛用于基坑工程,但在软土地区的运用有很大的局限性。在经过真空预压加固后的软土地基上进行深基坑土钉支护的可行性值得探讨。本文研究基于真空预压土体强度增长规律,用十字板剪切强度推求软粘土抗剪强度指标方法,按规范要求并考虑到软土地区深基坑土钉支护的特殊性进行土钉支护设计,分析真空预压联合土钉支护技术解决软土深基坑土钉支护外部稳定问题的原理。研究结果表明:经真空预压加固后,土体强度得到较大增长,土钉墙外部稳定性成倍提高,钉土界面粘聚强度显著增加,说明真空预压联合土钉支护技术运用于深基坑是可行性的。     

Experimental study on vacuum preloading consolidation of landfill sludge conditioned by Fenton's reagent under varying filter pore size

In view of the deep dewatering of landfill sludge (LS) that had been buried for more than ten years in Shanghai, Fenton's reagent combined with a vacuum preloading method was proposed. First, a vacuum filtration test was carried out to study the optimal amount of Fenton's reagent for LS. Then, four filter membranes with different pore sizes were used for a vacuum preloading model box test to study the influence of pore size on the consolidation behaviour of LS. Through particle analysis, SEM and MIP testing, the consolidation behaviour of sludge under different pore sizes was studied from the microscopic perspective. The results show the following: the optimal amount of Fenton's reagent for conditioning LS is Fe²⁺ 4%, H₂O₂ 12%; the water content of LS with different pore sizes is reduced from 73% to 56%–63%; the unconfined compressive strength is increased from 10 kPa to above 80 kPa; and the volume reduction ratio is approximately 50%, among which the filter pore size of 180-μm has the best performance. The micro-test results show that the pore size of the filter membrane has an important influence on LS's consolidation. The research results can provide significant references for the in-situ treatment of LS.     

真空预压法处理堤坝饱和软黏土地基

结合河岸堤坝饱和软黏土地基的地质特点,采用真空预压法成功地进行了软土地基处理,总结了该方法的施工工序和质量控制要点,以积累真空预压法施工经验,推广真空预压法在工程中的应用,可为类似工程提供借鉴。